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The soldier in our Civil War : a pictorial history of the conflict, 1861-1865, illustrating the valor of the soldier as displayed on the battle-field, from sketches drawn by Forbes, Waud, Taylor, Beard, Becker, Lovie, Schell, Crane and numerous other eye-witnesses to the strife

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    The soldier in our Civil War : a pictorial history of the conflict, 1861-1865, illustrating the valor of the soldier as displayed on the battle-field, from sketches drawn by Forbes, Waud, Taylor, Beard, Becker, Lovie, Schell, Crane and numerous other eye-witnesses to the strife

The  JSoldier 


■:?j-:'-- 


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fi&K 


_>^         IN  UUK 

CivilWar 


II 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2011  with  funding  from 

The  Institute  of  Museum  and  Library  Services  through  an  Indiana  State  Library  LSTA  Grant 


http://www.archive.org/details/soldierinourcivi01lesl 


FRARI    LE8I"IE'8 

The  Soldier  in  Our  Civil  War. 


<~;Z^//^^^n^<^>^ 


ie4 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


THE  SOLDIER   IN 

OUR   CIVIL  WAR: 

COLUMBIAN    MEMORIAL   EDITION. 

A  PICTORIAL  HISTORY  OF   THE  CONFLICT,   1861-1865, 

ILLUSTRATING  THE  VALOR  OF  THE  SOLDIER  AS  DISPLAYED 
ON  THE  BATTLE   FIELD. 

FROM  SKETCHES  DRAWN  BY 

FORBES.    WAUD.     TAYLOR.     HILLEN,     BECKER,     LOV1E,     SCHELL,     CRANE,     DAVIS, 

And  numerous  other  Eye-witnesses  to  the  Strife. 
EDITED    BY 

PAUL  F.  MOTTELAY  and  T.  CAMPBELL-COPELAND. 

ASSISTED  BY  THE  MOST  NOTABLE  GENERALS  AND  COMMANDERS  OF  BOTH  SIDES. 
WITH    AN    INTRODUCTION    BY 

ROBERT  B.   BEATH, 

PAST    COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF    GRAND    ARMY    OF    THE    REPUBLIC. 

History  of  the  GRAND  ARMY  OF  THE  REPUBLIC,  by  Paul  Vanderyoort,  Past  Commander-in-Chief. 

History  of  the  CONFEDERATE  VETERANS'  ASSOCIATION,  by  Col.  I.  W.  Avery,  Atlanta.  Georgia. 

History  op  the  SONS  OF  VETERANS,  by  A.  P.  Davis,  Originator,  and  by  Frank  P.  Merrill.  Commander-.*  Chief. 

VktaM,    M"""i.n    b.   b~   "",*,."   ,".    c"u"e,i"   "..ndtd    b, .   G.-rf.  .^J^T,*.  T2,  "<^  ""£X  "L""^ 

tts  m   Pevctek.   G.nerals    Beauregard,   F.tihugh   Lee,  Lonostreet.  Early,  Captain    Wahhetj,  lale  i~  =■"•>/, 


J.  Watts  de   P 
rkp.irtmeiiis, 


VOL.  I. 

NEW  YORK  and  ATLANTA.  GA: 

STANLEY  BRADLEY  PUBLISHING  COMPANY, 

IS  9  3. 

SOLD  ONLY  BY  SUBSCRIPTION. 


according   to   Act   of   Congress  jn  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  ninety-th-ee,  by 

THE  STANLEY  BRADLEY  PUBLISHING  COMPANY, 

INCORPORATED, 

in  the  office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress  at  Washington,  D,  C. 


SMWl.) 


Ub\s   .TGoofc   is   S>et>icatcfc 

XLo  the  Veteran  Soldier- the  Rero  of  these  Volumes- and 

tlo    the    Sons    of   Veterans   who    Keep   Green    the    Memory   of   their 

Fathers'  Sacrifice    on    the    Battle-Fields   of 

Our   (£ivil   UJar. 


INTRODUCTION. 


NEARLY  a  generation  has  passed  since  the  armies  and  navies  of  citizen-soldiers  who  had 
survived  the  hardships  of  over  four  years  of  War  were  mustered  out  and  returned  to 
their  homes  to  enjoy  the  full  fruits  of  peace  in  a  united  Republic. 

On  one  side  had  been  gathered  over  two  millions  of  men,  on  the  other  nearly  every 
available  man  who  could  be  put  to  service  in  the  field,  together  forming  an  army  numbering 
nearly  four  millions. 

The  survivors  of  the  conflict  are  fast  passing  away,  and  a  new  generation  is  forming,  to 
whom  the  great  events  of  those  years  of  bloodshed  can  be  but  a  faint  memory,  or  "as  a  tale 
that  is  told.'' 

Yet,  until  deeds  of  daring,  and  patriotism,  and  suffering  cease  to  enlist  admiration  and 
sympathy,  will  the  services  of  our  soldiers  and  sailors  be  the  theme  of  song  and  story  that  will 
longest  command  the  thought  and  attention  of  our  people  ;  for  did  not  nearly  every  family 
contribute  its  quota  to  the  War,  and  have  not  all  shared  in  the  accepted  results? 

The  graves  of  the  dead  of  North  and  South,  marked  each  year  by  loving  hands  with 
flowers  of  spring-time,  the  sufferings  of  the  thousands  yet  living,  have  evoked  a  broad  bond  o( 
sympathy  that,  with  the  cheerful  acceptance  of  the  duties  of  citizenship  by  the  men  of  all  sections, 
has  long  ago  wiped  out  personal  animosities,  if,  indeed,  such  existed,  and  all  good  men,  no 
matter  how  divided  in  opinion  from  1861  to  1S65,  join  in  devotion  to  a  common  country  that 
stood  such  fearful  tests  as  the  struggles  of  the  armies  of  Grant  and  Lee. 

Each  participant  in  the  stirring  scenes  of  the  War  could  carry  with  him  but  few  of  the 
details  that  contributed  to  the  formation  of  a  grand  History  that  will,  through  all  time,  testify 
to  a  devotion  and  bravery  never  surpassed  and  never  to  be  forgotten. 

Herein  are  to  be  gathered  facts  and  figures  as  demonstrated  and  proven  by  years  of 
research.  Herein  will  be  placed  in  an  enduring  form,  as  a  supplement  to  histories  already 
written,  the  incidents  of  battle  ;  and  here  will  be  pictured  the  heroes  whose  forms  and  faces  gave 
inspiration  to  the  artist's  pencil  on  the  scene  of  strife. 

The  old  soldier  by  his  quiet  fireside,  surrounded  by  family  and  friends,  will  turn  these 
pages  and  be  vividly  reminded  of  a  thousand  incidents  of  army  life,  and  all  will  here  find 
inspiration  for  increased  devotion  to  a  country  worthy  of  all  the  sacrifices  made  in  its  behalf. 

Robert  B.  Beath. 


INDEXED    LIST 


DOUBLE-PAGE    ILLUSTRATIONS. 


VOL.    I. 


■,  View  or  Pris- 


Alahama,  ConfedcialcPrivni 

onurafn  tliu  hold  of 
Alexandria.  Camp,  Washlngl  n,  D.  C.    '. 
Anllotara  (Sliurpiburg),  Batik,  or  . 
Avkamat,  Confodorato  Hum,  Naval  Engage 

Incnt  of,  with  tho  U.  S.  Gunboat  Car,,,, 

iMtt 
Battle  of  Anllotam,  September  ITtli,  1802 
'       Bull  Run  (the  Firel),  July  2i"tp  i80i 

llho  Second),  Aug,  80th,  1862  37B-370 
Cros.K-ys,  June  8th,  1802         ,  .330-331 

Fori Donclsun,  February  loth,  1802  .  238.330 


fu2  411:1 
ion- in; 
:j.sii.;is; 


.   .'171  37.-. 


Guinea's  Mills,  Juno27lh,  1 
Malvern  Hill,  July  ]st,!8tl2    340-047 
Mill  Spring  fLogan's  Cross  Roads) 
Pen  Ridge,  Hureli  OH),  180" 
Pittsburg  Landing,  April  Oth,  I8flj 

Port  Itcpu bile,  Juno  dill,  1803  . 
Rich  Mountain,  July  iflih,  1801 
Roanoku  Island,  February  8lh.  ]803 

SuvnguaSULlion,  .Ii 28th,  1802 

Secession  villc,   Juno  JOlh.  1883 
Slaughter's  Mountain,  Aug,  Dili,  1803 
Whits  Oak  Swamp,  Juno  80th,  1802 

Willi-  <  1,.,..  I,.  Jun.- 311(1!,  1802 

Wilson'*  i  ret* (Oak  Hill) 


.  254-2. 


2fl.i  -2M7 

274-275 

33U.331 

08-00 


Donclsoo,  Fort,  (iallntit  Charge  or  the  Seven. 

teonth,    Forty-eighth  and   Forty-ninth. 

Illinois  Vols.  .  . 

EdwurdVa  Ferry,  Vn.,  Retreat  of  theFedoral 

Troops  .... 

Ellsworth  Zouave,,  Eaaampmentoflhc,  Wu.il  1- 

ington,D.  C 

Engagement  at  Roniney,  Vn.-  The  Eleventh 

Indiana  Zouaves  Crossing  the  Potoraaa  , 
Evacuation  of  Foil  Moultrie  . 
FortUon-lsoi,,  23*s-23" 


Pumli™    Sound- Qomhsii 


1  of  F" 


llul 


1  so- in  1 


Pickens 
Piuckney  (Cusflo) 


54.258   PenRidgc,  BuLtlaof               .  .  jbo.jh; 

Pennsylvania  Bunk  lolls,  Gal  Inn  I  Atlack  ,.r.  upon 
u  Detachment  of  Stonuwnll  "J.,-  kaun'a 
,,  ,     Armv 31.1.31.-, 

Pickens,  Fori.  Relief  of,  by  U.  S,  Fleet      .  .       <|0-IT 

l'inckncy,  Castle,  Clmi'leston  Hmbor  4017 

8087  Piltsbiug. Landing,  Buttle  t,r g ml  Lewis 

20-37  Wollocos  Division  on  tho  Right  Wing     ,  200.307 

Eifl.233   Pittsburg    Landing- F(nul    Stand    of    Omul's 

!2-133  Army.  -■....   271  27,'. 

230-231    Pontoonitig.  Experimental  Practice  in  100-107 

910-911    Port  Republic,  B.iitkof         .  .  880881 

80-31    President  Lincoln  and   bis  Cabinet  Reviewing 

■10-17  Troops  ....  ,   ].,",.,; 

.10-17   Prlvoloer.  Atoeama,  Prisoners  in  H.d.1  of  409408 

200  201    Pulaski,     F.rt-Mortur    Battery    "  SUnlon  " 
34-3.I  Throwing  a  13  inch  Shall 


.  280  201 


>    ll.e 


iahominy   Valley, 


Sumter        .... 

Thompson   .  ...         .  218-210 1  Ketrent   of    Federal    Troops ""from"  Edwards' 

.174-17r,l  Ferry I0O-lr,l 

3U020I    Retreat   of   Confederate    Troops     from     Fort 

.  174-175 


Hull  Urn 


leut      o(      Fori      Uniterm,    Pamlico 

Sound,  N.  C.        .         .         .         _  122-123 
lent    ot    Fort    Suinler.    Charleston 

Harbor 

lent  Of  Fori  Walker,  by  Federal  Fleet  174-175 
Island  No.  10  .  .35 

.  lufl-107 


il  But 


.vyYni 


I,  NoiT.dk,  Va. 
i.auip  aioxanuna,  at  Wiuhlnglon,  D.  C.  .  1 

CarondeJet,  U.  S.  Gnnbonl,  Engagement  with 

the  Confederate  Ituiu  jlrfcantai      .         ,  g 
OaitlaPlneknoy,  Charleston  Hurbor        .         [ 

Charleston  City  and  Harbor,  View  of        \ 
Chiekaliominy,  Scene  of  Hie  Six  Bailies 

in  the  Valley  of    . 
Commissariat    Depot    or  the    United    Slat. 
Rappahannock,  Manussa 


.  :<7*.:i7u 


Vo. 


.   174.17.-, 


210  211 


Confederate.  Battery  at  Harper's  Ferry,  Va. 
Con tcdom te  Garrison,  Retreat  or,  From  Fort 

Walker 
Confodorato   Prisoners  Brought  into   the  Cap- 
tured Camp,  behind  Fort Hugcr.  Rojnok, 
Island  .  .  . 

Confederate  Ram  drkanttu- Engagement  with 

U.  S.  Gunboat  Vitrandelel      .  .  .  374.375 

Corcoran,   General    Michael,  Reccptiun  of,  at 

New  York  City     .  .  .  .   '      .  Sli-SIS 

Corialb.  Miss.,  Scene  at  Lick  Creek  Bottom      .  2S2.2S3 
Cotlon  Catherine;.   Packing  and  Shipping  .  182-183 

Cross  Keys,  Batik-  of    ...  330331 

Departure  of  Ellsworths  Zouaves   from'  New" 

_  Yorb  74-75 

rionels.m.    Fort,   Charge  of   the  Second  Iowa 


Formications  at  Hilton 

Forty-eighth  and  Forty-ninth   Illinois  Volun. 

leers,  Charge  of,  ut  Fort    D.. nelson 
Gaines's  Mills.  Battle  of 
Gosporl  Navy  Yard,  Burning  or     . 
Craftoa,  Va..  View  of  McClellan's   Hcaduunr- 

Hampton  Roads.  Naval  Engagement  in  . 
Harper's  Ferry,  Confederate  Battery  at  . 
Harrisonburg  lo  Port  Republic,  Battle  on   the 

Road  from   . 
Harrison's  Landing,  Jamc-s  River,  Va. 
Hawkins's  Zouaves  at  the  Battle  of  Anlielain  . 
Henry  Fort,  Bursting  of  a  43  pound  Gun  in      . 
Hilton   Head  Island,   Government   Works  ai 


Walker 
2.74  £55 '  ne^iew  of  South  Carolina  Volui 


Honker,   General, 


Island  No.  10,  Bombardi 


180-1B7         .  .  218-310 

View  of  Fortifications    .  200.2111 

Engaging  the  Confederate 

vein  Hill  ....  870-871 

Washington      .  .  .  15a  ISO 

id  Night  Attack 


80-87 
-10-47 
302.303 
380-287 
884-835 
338-333 


uing   his  Great 

.  378.371 
il.Repulsoof  the  Confederate  Troops  334-33.' 
Lexington,  Mo..  Siege  or        ...  130-181 

Lick  Creek  Boiiom,  Corinth.  Miss..  Scene  nt      .  282  2K 
icoln,  President,  Members  of  the  First  Cabi- 


tof 


14-15 
140- 1 41 
2^j  ■.-.';! 


..  - .".._  ih'k  urn-iins,  rani] 

Be^IUL'at 33S-339'oakHill.BatUeof 


n  Reviewing  Troops  in  Washington 

Logan's  Cross  Roads,  Battle  oT 

Manassas,  Va  ,  Commissariat  Depot  or   U 
Army  or  the  Rappahannock  . 
rn  Hill,  Battle  or 

rn  Hill,  General  Hooker  Engages  the  Con. 
federate  Army   at 

MeClellnn's  Headquarters  at  Grafton,  Va. 

.UemmncJ.-a",(.Vo)ii(or.Engagcment'iu  Hamp- 
ton Roads  between  the 

Military  Execution 

Mill  Spring,  Battle  of       ..."  '222, 

Naval  Battles  .n  Hampton  Roads,  Vo.      .  .'  240^24 

r  Berne,  North  Carolina,  from  the  Interior 
of  Fort  Thompson  . 

Panoramic   View  of 


.  ;'.u;-!i7 


233 


.  21"  211 


Moultrie,  Charleston  Harbor  . 
Rich  Mountain,  Baltic  of 
Roanoku  Island,  Battle  of 
Roniney,  Va.,  Engagement  nt 
Santa  Rosa  Island- Relief  of  Fori  Plckcoa 
Savage's  Station.  Battle  of 
Savannah,  Ga  ,  Flight  of  the  Inhubilnnts'of      .' 
Secession ville.  Battle  of 
Second  Iowa  Regiment  at  Fort  Donclaon 
Seventeenth  Illinois  Vohinteei-s,  Charge  of,  at 

Fort  Donelson      .  ,  ,  j^ 

Shurpsburj;(Anlietani),  B;ittleof  '  ](SfJ  "87 

Sharps  hooters'  Trial  of  Skill  at  Wa-hington      '  13s!]a0 
Siege  or  Lexington,   Mo.  .  .  ]ao-l"i 

Sixth  Miisaaehusetla  negiment  Repelling  Mob 

at  Baltimore         .  .  fig-fiD 

Slaughter's  Mountain.  Battle  of      .  .'  '  883-808 

S..mb  Curolina  Volunteers  Reviewed   ut  Fort 

Moultrie      ....  goal 

Sfnr  of  the  Wail,  United  Slates  Steamer,  Fired 

upon  from  Fort  Moultrie  .  .  .       .J0.27 

Tiplonville.  Tenn.-Surrender  or  the  Confeder- 
ate For.-es.  under  Generals  MeCull  and 
Gnnll,  to  General  Paine  .  300  3(J7 

View  or  Grafion.  Vo..  on  the  Monongoliels 
River,  Headquarters  ot  General    McCIeb 


Walker,  Fort.  Retreat  of  tho  Cunfederule  Oor. 

Wallace.  General  Lewis,  at  the  Battle  of  Pitts-' 

burn  Landing 2a6_m 

:o  House.  Va.,  Burning  of  890  8S1 

Willis  Church.  Battle  of.         .  \  3.^.3,^ 

Wilson'sCrcekorOakHill.Baltleof      .  .  j14.nr, 

Winchester,  Va.,  Battle  of     .  .  .  .  332.303 

Zouaves  Ellsworth's,  Departure  of,  from  New 

York,  and  Encampment  at  Wishinglon. 

DC-  .....       74.7, 

Zouaves.  Hawkins's.    Charge  on   Confederate 

Batteries  at  Antietam   .  ,         .  .380-387 


.  Ill  115  I 


PREFACE. 


A  FTER  twenty  years,  the  memory  of  our  Civil  War  fails  to  carry  in  detail  the  events 
*■  that  ushered  in  that  event.  The  actors,  one  by  one,  are  disappearing  from  the  stage. 
The  echo  of  the  first  gun  fired  at  Sumter,  and  which  called  to  arms  and  to  deadly  strife  two 
sections  of  one  great  country,  has  become  so  faint  as  to  be  scarce  a  meinoiy.  The  bloody 
chasm  that  run  with  the  best  blood  and  embraced  in  its  unrelenting  arms  the  precious  bodies 
of  gallant  men  who  gave  up  blood  and  life  for  country  and  fireside,  each  equally  conscious  of 
the  righteousness  of  their  cause,  has  long  since  been  filled  with  the  roses  heaped  so  profusely 
by  both  the  "  Blue"  and  the  "Gray  "on  the  graves  of  their  departed  comrades.  Each  passing 
year  discloses  some  new-found  beauty  in  the  wealth  of  experience  gained  amid  these  scenes  of 
strife. 

There  were  4,000,000  active,  efficient,  hardy  soldiers,  who  did  service,  not  for  honor, 
glory,  or  reward,  but  to  defend  their  firesides.  They  fought  from  a  consciousness  of  duty,  and 
were  equally  patriotic  whether  they  marched  under  the  "stars"  or  under  the  "bars,"  and  these 
are  the  subjects,  the  authors,  the  actors,  the  heroes  of  our  Book.  It  took  soldiers  massed 
together,  willing  to  obey  the  orders  of  their  commanders,  and  to  face  death  at  every  step,  to 
make  an  army.  We  picture  these  soldier-heroes - their  faces  gave  the  artists  the  inspiration 
that  enabled  them  to  make  these  battle  scenes  true  to  life.  These  pictures  were  made  amid  the 
very  scenes  they  so  vividly  illustrate,  and  are  now  first  published  in  a  form  to  be  preserved  and 
supplement  the  histories  already  written.  We  aim  to  record  only  facts  as  demonstrated  and 
proven  by  twenty-five  years'  historical  research.  We  give  no  cause,  no  excuse,  no  apology  for 
defeat,  and  no  reason  for  victory.  "The  War  for  Independence"  and  "The  War  of  the 
Rebellion"  has  no  place  in  our  book.  We  only  care  to  illustrate  the  valor,  patriotism,  and 
bravery  of  the  soldier  as  developed  by  and  illustrated  in  the  war.  We  gather  from  both  parties 
to  the  strife  the  incidents  of  battle,  and  seek  only  to  perpetuate  their  memories,  as  they  serve  to 
show  our  children  and  our  children's  children  that  whether  their  father  wore  the  "blue"  or  the 
"gray,"  he  was  equally  brave  and  honest  in  his  efforts  to  defeat  the  foe  hurled  against  him  and 
his  standard  on  the  battle-field. 

Prejudice,  hatred,  animosity,  and  revenge  are  of  the  past.  Let  us  bury  each,  and 
looking  beyond  the  political  questions  of  that  day,  behold  the  spectacle  of  The  War  as 
witnessed  by  the  world,  and  proclaim  the  sons  of  the  eight  hundred  thousand  veteran  soldiers 
as  ready  and  able  to  defend  their  common  country  against  the  combined  armies  of  the  earth. 


The  Soldier  in  Our  CivilWar- 


SUMMARY   OF    LEADING   EVENTS. 


NOVEMBER,    1S60-  MARCH,    1861. 


ON  the  6th  day  of  November,  1SG0,  ii  general 
election  for  President  and  Yice- President 
of  the  United  States  took  place,  which  re- 
sulted in  the  choice-  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  of  Illi- 
nois, as  President,  and  Hannibal  Hamlin,  "f  Maine, 
as  Vice-President.  Mr,  Lincoln,  besides  receiving 
the  majority  vote  of  the  Electoral  College,  had  a 
popular  majority  of  481,534  votes  over  Mr,  Don- 
glass,  1,009,057  over  Mr.  Breckinridge,  and 
1,266,970  over  Mr.  Bell. 

At  this  time  the  inhabitants  of  the  Slave-labor 
States  numbered  about  12,000,000,  of  which  nearly 
4,000,000  were  held  as  slaves. 
The  ruling  class - those  who  exercised  and  con- 


trolled the  political  power  ns  voters- numbered 
about  1,000,000 ;  of  these,  the  largo  land  and 
sluvo  holders  hold  an  almost  supremo  influence, 
and  of  this  class  there  were  barely  300,000.  Less 
than  170,000  men  in  the  whole  Slave-holding 
States  owned  2,800,000  of  the  slaves ;  tho  remain- 
ing 11,830,000  owned  but  500,000  slaves,  and  were 
counted  as  exorcising  but  little  influence  in  the 
councils  of  tho  Government,  and  woro  classed  in 
round  numbers  as  follows;  0,800,000  small  slave- 
holders, non-slaveholders,  mechanics  and  laboring 
men  ;  1,000,000  known  in  those  regions  by  the 
no  of  "poor  white  trash,"  scattered 
those  States  ;  4,000,000  of  slaves. 


The  production  of  the  great  staple  of  cotton, 
regarded  by  them  as  "  King,"  was  in  the  hands  of 
less  than  100,000  men. 

President  Lincoln,  in  his  first  annual  Message 
to  Congress  assembled  in  extra  session,  July  5th, 
IS61,  describes  this  condition  of  the  bod3'-politic 
of  tho  Southern  States,  and  the  subtlety  of  the 
conspirators  in  leading  the  masses  to  support  their 
plans,  in  these  words  (wo  quote  from  Ilnymond's 
"  Life  of  Lincoln,"  page  103)  :  "It  might  seem  at 
firot  thought  to  be  of  little  difference  whether  the 
present  movement  at  tho  South  bo  called  'secession' 
or  'rebellion."  Tho  movers,  however,  well  under- 
stood the  difference.     At  the  beginning  they  knew 


EEOEPTION    AT   CHARLESTON,  B.  O.,  OP    THE   NETS   OF   THE    ".LECTION    OF   LDJOOLN    AND   HAMLIN,  NOVEMBER,  18W. 


THE    SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


they  eoalrl  novcr  raise  their  treason  to  any  respect- 
able magnitude  by  any  name  which  implies  violation 
of  law.  They  know  their  people  possessed  as  much 
of  moral  sense,  as  much  of  devotion  to  law  and 
order,  and  as  much  pride  in,  and  reverence  for,  the 
history  and  Government  of  their  common  country 
as  any  other  civilized  and  patriotic  people.  They 
knew  thoy  could  make  no  advancement  directly  in 
the  teeth  of  these  strong  and  noble  sentiments. 
Accordingly,  they  commenced  by  an  insidious  de- 
bauching of  the  public  mind.  They  invented  an 
ingenious  sophism,  which,  if  conceded,  was  followed 
by  perfectly  logical  steps,  through  all  the  incidents, 
to  the  complete  destruction  of  tho  Union.  Tlio 
sophism  itself  is,  that  any  Stnto  of  the  Union 
may,  consistently  with  tho  national  Constitution, 
and,  therefore,  lawfully  and  ponoofully,  withdraw 
from  tho  Union  without  the  consent  of  the  Union, 
or  of  any  oilier  State.  The  little  disguiso  that  the 
supposed  right  is  to  bo  exorcised  for  just  cause, 
themselves  to  be  tho  sole  judges  of  its  justice,  is 
too  thin  to  merit  any  notice. 

"With  rebellion  thus  sugar-coated,*  they  have 
been  drugging  the  public  mind  of  their  section  for 
more  than  thirty  years,  until  at  length  thoy  have 
brought  many  good  men  to  a  willingness  to  take  up 
arms  against  tho  Government,  the  day  after  some 
assemblage  of  men  have  enacted  tho  fareic.il  pre- 
tense of  taking  their  State  out  of  the  Union,  who 
could  have  been  brought  to  m  such  thing  the 
day  before."  Wo  find  in  this  first  Message  of 
Mr.  Lincoln  so  much  of  wisdom,  moderation  and 
justice,  that  we  are  tempted  to  miotc  it  entire,  hut 
will  in  passing  give  from  pago  106  his  tribute  to 
the  citizen-volunteer  soldier,  used  as  an  argu- 
ment against  t  lie  sophistry  of  secession :  "  So 
large  an  army  as  tho  Government  has  now  on  foot 
{July  5th,  1801)  was  never  before  known  without 
a  soldier  in  it.  but  who  had  taken  his  place  there  of 
Lis  own  free  choice.  But  more  than  this  :  there  are 
many  single  regiments  whose  members,  one  and 
Hiioilicr,  possess  full  practical  knowledge  of  all  the 
arts,  sciences,  professions,  aud  whatever  else, 
whether  useful  or  elegant,  is  known  in  the 
world  ;  and  there  is  scarcely  one  from  which  there 
could  not  ho  selected  a  President,  a  Caoinet.  a 
Congress,  and  perhaps  a  Court,  abundantly  capable 
to  administer  the  Government  itself.  Nor  do  I  say 
this  is  not  true  also  in  the  army  of  our  late  friends, 
now  adversaries  in  this  contest;  hut,  if  it  is  so,  bo 
much  better  tho  reason  why  the  Government  which 
has  conferred  such  benefits  on  both  them  and  us 
should  iLot  be  broken  up." 

On  November  7th,  1SC0,  the  news  of  Lincoln's 
election  reached  tho  South,  tho  Palmetto  Flag  was 
raised  in  Charleston,  aud  indignation  meetings 
were  held  in  many  leading  Southern  cities.  In 
Charleston,  tho  Governor  and  Council  of  South 
Carolina  met  in  secret  session,  and  cheers  were 
given  for  the  Southern  Confedt  racy. 

Tho  same  (lay,  by  order  of  the  Swire  tary  of  War, 
Major  Fitz  John  Porter,  A.  A.  6., 
'made  an  inspection  of  the  forts  and 
garrisons  in  Charleston  Harbor,  which  led  to  tho 
lmmcdiato  assignment  of  Major  Itobort  Anderson 
to  tho  command  of  these  defenses,  with  a  policy 
confidentially  defined  by  Lie'jleuunt-gonorul  Scott. 
Colonel  Gardner,  then  in  command,  undertook, 
after  sundown,  to  draw  surreptitiously  from  tho 
Charleston  Arsenal  a  supply  of  amis  and  ammu- 
nition absolutely  needed  for  Port  Moultrie,  but  his 
attempt  was  discovered  by  tho  city  authorities,  and 
the  otficor  in  churgc.  Captain  T.  Soymom,  was 
arrested,  and  tho  collected  material  was  seized. 
Six  days  later,  tho  State  determined  to  raise  and 
oquip  10,COO  volunteers,  and  a  State  Convention 
was  called  to  decide  tho  secession  of  South  Carolina. 
Tho  action  of  Georgia  was  no  less  prompt.  The 
Governor  of  that  Stato  at  once  convened  tho 
Legislature,  which  on  tho  Jtith  of  November  voted 


cmu-i-mlnu  thin  ivuril  In  thu  )!cs*iujo:  "llr. 
t  Printer,  [old  roc  Una  when  Uiu  llesjuio 
raa  n  ijood  iii-iii  ili-iuri-.-il  iiy  iho  u*u  of  lliu 


♦1,000.000  to  arm  the  State ;  a  Bill  was  also  passed 
ordering  the  election  of  delegates  to  a  State  Con- 
vention to  assemble  on  the  9th  of  January  follow- 
ing. The  order  was  made,  in  the  language  of  the 
Act,  because  "  tho  present  crisis  in  national  affairs 
demands  resistance." 

Tho  Governor  of  Mississippi  issued  his  proclama- 
tion convening  tho  State  Legislature  for  tho  26th 
of  November,  in  which  he  set  forth  that  "  the 
recent  election  of  Messrs.  Lincoln  and  Hamlin  de- 
monstrates that  those  who  neither  reverence  the 
Constitution,  obey  the  laws,  nor  regard  their  oaths, 
have  now  tho  power  to  elect  to  the  highest  offices  in 
tho  Confederacy  men  who  sympathize  with  them 
in  all  their  zeal  to  destroy  the  peace,  property  aud 
prosperity  of  the  Southern  section,  and  who  will 
use  the  powers  of  the  Federal  Government  to  defeat 
all  the  purposes  for  which  it  was  formed." 

The  Governor  of  Louisiana  convened  tho  Legis- 
lature of  that  State  on  December  10th.  The  Flo- 
rida Legislature  ordered  a  State  Convention  for 
December  1st,  and  the  Governor  of  Alabama,  after 
proclaiming  tho  right  as  well  as  the  necessity  of 
secession,  and  declaring  that  "if  a  State  withdraws 
from  tho  Union,  the  Federal  Government  has  no 
power  under  the  Constitution  to  use  military  force 
against  her."  Virginia,  under  tho  call  of  Governor 
Letcher,  also  took  steps  for  a  State  Convention, 
her  Legislature  ordering  the  same  for  January 
7th,  1861. 

On  December  20th,  18G0,  Major  Anderson  evacu- 
ated Fort  Moultrie,  and  occupied  Fort  Sumter  in 
Charleston  Harbor. 

At  about  the  same  time,  Ports  Pulaski  and  Jack- 
son:  in  the  harbor  of  Savannah  ;  Forts  Gaines  and 
Morgau  at  Mobile;   Forts   St.  Philip  and  Jackson 


CongTHB  him  u  dllTen-nt  Ul 
llllnobi - Unit  Ihu  UewiiKi)  I- 
written  sooardlDJO*.  "Whirl 
■tail.    -Wliy,    mid  Ur.TJcrr 


rvpynl  Mr  Lincoln, 
Whim  thu  iwunlu  wo 


i.  tvuulni:  iho  pannrnii-li  iiluud.  In' 
of  Unit,  If  Iwoniyou.'  •  Octree*.  ■ 
:pmuca  nrodtolr  my  Idea,  nnil  I 

In  Oil-  ■  "Uiir.rj 


*t  know  exactly  what  lugar-cvaltd 


METTO    FLAG. 


in  the  Mississippi,  below  New  Orleans;  Forts  Ba- 
rancas  and  Meltao  at  Pensacola  ;  Fort  Clinch  at 
Fernandiiia.  and  Forts  Caswell  and  Johnson  at 
Macon  in  North  Carolina;  the  Mint  and  Custom 
House  at  New  Orleans;  the  arsenal  at  Little  Rock, 
Arkansas,  etc..  etc..  were  all  seized  by  tho  State 
authorities.  The  various  forts  in  Texas,  built  and 
manned  by  the  national  troops,  as  defenses  against 
Indian  incursions,  also  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
White  authorities,  chiefly  through  the  treachory  of 
General  Twiggs,  of  Georgia,  who  was  r.^xt  in  rank 
to  Lieutcnant-gencrul  Scott  in  the  United  States 
Army.  He  so  dispersed  and  arranged  the  forces 
ii  t  ,■  1 .  ■  i-  In-  riiinirniuii  as  In  iniike  them  easily 
overcome.  Ho  was  successful  in  making  over  all 
tlio  valuable  materials  of  war - guns,  ammunition, 
and  supplies  of  all  sorts,  amounting  in  valuo  to 
several  millions  of  dollars.  Ho  had  been  placed 
in  command  of  tho  Department  of  Texas  only  a 
few  weeks  before,  by  the  same  influence  exerted  in 
the  "War  Department  that  mado  tho  other  South- 
ern departments  and  fortifications  an  easy  prey  to 
the  Confederacy.  For  forty  years  General  Twiggs 
bad  acceptably  served  his  Government,  and  had  at 
all  times  been  honored  with  its  confidence.  He, 
now  that  he  had  determine!  to  desert  his  flag,  tried 
to  seduce  his  officers  from  their  allegiance,  by  re- 
presenting the  Government  as  unable  to  maintain 
its  authority  over  tho  Sonthorn  States,  closing  wit  i 
tho  assertion,  "  The  Union  -/ill  be  at  an  end  in  less 
than  aixty  days,  and  if  you  havo  any  pay  duo  you, 
you  bad  bettor  got  it  at  onco,  for  it  is  the  lost  you 
will  ever  get." 

Intimations  of  the  disloyalty  of  Gonoral  Twiggs 
had  reached  Secretary  of  War  Holt  on  the  18th  of 
January,  and  in  a  general  order  the  veteran  officer 
waa  rohoved  from  tbe  command  of  tho  Department 
of  Toxaa.    This  order  was  one  of  the  most  do- 


oiaive  as  well  as  inspiring  acts  or  the  administra- 
tion. Tho  Secretary  of  War  gives  in  his  order  as 
the  reason  for  this  action,  "his  [Twiggs's]  treachery 
to  the  flag  of  his  country,  in  having  surrendered  tho 
United  military  posts  and  other  property  of  the 
States,  in  his  department  and  under  his  charge." 

It  is  not  supposed  that  all  these  proceedings  were 
carried  out  with  tho  unanimous  concurrence  of  the 
people  of  tho  South.  In  Georgia,  Alexander  H. 
Stephens,  subsequently  mado  Vice-President  of  tho 
Southern  Confederacy,  with  many  others,  sought  to 
stem  the  current,  and  by  counseling  delay  and 
moderation,  to  prevent  the  consummation  of  the 
schomo  of  "precipitating  tbe  Cotton  States  into 
revolution."  But  the  revolutionary  leaders  well 
understood  the  danger  of  delay,  and  hesitated  at 
no  measure  or  expedient  to  coerce  the  calm  and 
patriotic  portion  of  the  population  into  their  meas- 
ures, and  they  successfully  undertook  to  overawe 
and  silence  all  opposition  to  immediate  disunion. 

INAUGURATION  OF  PRESIDENT  LINCOLN. 

Mr.  Lincoln's  trip  from  his  homo  in  Spring- 
field, Illinois,  to  the  National  Capital,  had  been,  in 
the  Northern  States,  one  continuous  ovation  and 
hearty  God-speed  from  the  people.  The  spirit  of 
opposition  first  manifested  itself  in  the  determina- 
tion nf  insurgents  in  Maryland  to  prevent  the  Pre- 
sident-elect from  passing  through  their  State.  This 
opposition  was  cheated  of  its  purpose  by  strategy, 
and  Mr.  Lincoln  safely  arrived  at  tho  capital  some 
hours  before  his  presence  was  announced. 

The  ceremony  of  Inauguration  took  place,  as 
usual,  in  front  of  tho  Capitol,  and  in  presence  of  an 
immense  multitude  of  spectators.  Tho  oath  of 
office  was  administered  by  Chief-Jus- 
tice Taney,  and  immediately  Mr. 
Lincoln  read  his  Inaugural  Address.  Wo  quote 
from  this  State  Paper  some  of  tho  passages,  as  in- 
dicating the  plans,  purposes  aud  intentions  of  tho 
President,  ns  affecting  the  discontented  element 
now  actively  engaged  in  revolution.  Time  has 
long  since  shown  the  wisdom,  forethought,  and 
eminent  patriotism  of  Mr.  Lincoln,  aud  his  State 
Paper  now  reads  like  words  of  inspiration : 

Inaugural  Address. 

■•  ftllfiir.Citiun*  nf  (he  United  Stat**: 

"  Iu  eomplhuue  with  n  custom  ns  olil  as  tlic  Government 
itself,  1  appear  before  you  to  address  you  briefly,  and  to 
take  in  your  presence  tlie  oiith  prescribed  by  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  Stale*  ti>  In-  lakcu  by  I  lit  President  '  before  lie 
enters  on  the  execution  of  his  ofuM." 

■'  I  tin  Ufd  consider  it  nmssary  nt  [>rc- j-ii?  fur  me  to  discuss 
llinsc  mutters  of  iiilinini"tmtioii  iiImiu!  wliirli  there  is  no 
social  tiuxiely  or  excitement. 

■'  A |i prehension  si-ems  to  exist,  among  the  people  of  the 
Southern  Slates,  that  by  Hie  accession  of  a  Republican  Ad- 
ministration  their  property  nod  their  peace  and  personal 
security  are  to  be  endangered.  There  has  never  hecn  any 
reasonable  cause  for  audi  apprehension.  Indeed,  the  most 
ample  evidence  to  tlio  contrary  has  nil  iho  while  existed  ami 
been  open  to  their  mrpecliou.  It  is  found  in  nearly  nil  the 
published  ■pccchcs  of  him  who  now  addresses  you.  I  do  but 
quote  from  one  of  those  S|K.eelus  when  1  declare  that '  I  bnve 
no  purpose,  directly  or  initio .  ily,  to  interfere  with  tlio  insti- 
tution of  si n very  in  the  States  where  it  exists.  I  believe  I 
] i uvc  no  lawful  right  to  do  so,  nod  I  have  uo  inclination  to 
do  so,' 


"  I  dike  the  iitlli.in]  out  1 1  tu-iluv  with  no  menial  n 
mid  with  no  purpose  to  construe  llie  Constitution  or  laws  by 
any  hypercritical  rules.  And  while  I  do  not  ehoosc  now  lo 
sjneify  particular  Acts  of  Congress  ns  proper  to  be  enforced, 
I  do  suggest  thilt  il  will  lie  mm  h  safer  for  all,  both  in  ollieial 
and  private  stations,  to  eon  form  lo  aud  abide  by  all  those 
Aets  which  sliiini  unrepealed.  Ulan  lo  violate  any  of  them, 
trusting  to  llnd  impunity  in  having  them  held  lo  ho  uncon- 
stitutional. 

"It  is  seventy-two  yearn  since  the  llrsl  Inauguration  of  a 
President  under  our  National  Constitution.  During  that 
period,  fifteen  different  ami  LTmily  distinguished  citizens 
have,  in  succession,  r dm  mistered  the  Executive  branch  of 
Iho  Government.  They  have  conducted  it  through  many 
poriln,  ami  generally  with  great  success.  Yet.  with  nil  this 
seopo  tor  precedent,  I  now  eater  upon  the  same  task  for  the 
brief  CODSlttutlonul  term  of  four  viae,  under  great  mid  pe- 
culiar difficulty,  A  di-rupliou  of  the  Federal  Union,  bore 
lofore  only  menaced,  is  now   birmiilnblv  nl tempted. 

"  1  hold  th,.t,  in  contemplation  ol  universal  Inn-,  unit  of  the 
Const ilu lion,  '/  ETnfcn  of  Viet  t&itti  it  perpetual.  Perpetuity 
is  implied,  if  not  expressed,  in  tho  fuudnmcntiJ  hiw  of  all 
National  Governments.  It  is  safe  lo  nssert  tbnt  no  govern- 
meni  proner  ever  had  n  provision  in  [la  organic  law  for  it* 
own  termination  I  '.■utimii  I  mi  ute  nil  the  express  provi 
nions  of  our  National  GOTcnuaent,  and  the  Union  will  eiidura 
for  over- it  bring  an(-- ihle  t,>  .Imirey  il,  except  by  souiu 
action  not  provided  lor  in  iln  instrument  itself, 

"  Again,  if  the  United  Stales  be  not  a  Government  propur. 


THE    SOLDIER    IX    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


'7 


jul  en  association  ftf  Buries  In  the  nature  of  oonttnci  merely, 
tan  It,  as  u  outnbj,  be  petti  eohly  unmade  by  lias  than  all 
the  partus  who  made  it  7  Ont!  putty  lu  u  contract  may 
violate  it - brisk  it,  so  tu  speak ;  but  does  It  not  require  all 
to  lawfully  rescind  it 1 

"Descending  from  (best  cncml  principles,  wo  find  Ihe  pro- 
r.oaiiion  that,  in  legal  contemplation,  tue  Union  is  perpetual, 
confirmed  by  the  history  "(  tho  Union  itself.  The  Union  Is 
much  older  than  the  Constitution.  It  wit*  formed,  in  fact, 
by  Ibu  Articles  of  Association  in  1774  It  was  matured  and 
continued  by  the  Declaratioo  of  Independence  iu  1770.  It 
was  furlber  mnlureti,  und  the  faith  of  all  the  Iheu  Thirlccu 
States  expressly  plighted  und  engaged  that  it  should  be  per- 
petual, by  Hie  Articles  of  Confederation  in  1778.  And. 
Anally,  in  1787,  one  of  the  de-clnml  objects  for  ordaining  and 
establishing  the  Constitution  was  '  to  form  a  more  perfect 
union.'  But  if  the  destruction  of  the  Union,  by  one,  or  by 
n  jmrt  only,  of  the  Slates,  be  Inwfully  possible,  tho  Union 
is  loss  perfect  than  before,  the  Constitution  having  lost 
the  vital  element  of  perpetuity. 

'"  It  follows,  from  tlii^c  vicirs,  that  no  Stale.  u|K>n  its  own 
mere  motion,  can  lawfully  get  out  of  the  Union  ;  tbal  re- 
solves and  ordinances  to  that  effect  are  legally  void  ;  and  (but 
nets  of  violence  within  any  State  or  State*,  against  the  au- 
thority of  the  United  S  la  Its,  are  insurrectionary  or  revolu- 
liooary,  according  to  circumstances. 

'  I,  therefore,  consider  that,  in  view  of  the  Constitution 


member  or  overthrow  it 


the  vied  rights  of  minorities  and  of  Individuals  areso  plainly    who  Inhabit  it.     Whenever  Uley  shall  grow  weary  of  111 
assured   [o  them   by  affirmations  and  negations,  guarantees     existing  Government    they  can  exercise  their  cou-iiiuiinii- 

and  proUbldowta  the  Constitution,  that  controversies never    tight  of  amending  it,  or  theit  revo.utionary  right  ■     ,; 

ariu  concerning  them.     But  no  organic   law  can   ever  lio    ' " '■ 

framed  with  a  provision  specifically  applicable  to  every 
question  which  may  occur  in  practical  administration.  Ni 
foresight  can  anticipate,  nor  any  document  of  rensonabh 
length  contain,  express  provisions  for  all  possible  questions 
Shall  fugitives  from  lahof  ' 


"The  Chief  Magistrate  derives  all  hia  authority  from  ilia 

people,  and  Hiej  have  conferred  nunc  upon  him  lo  llx  terms 

for  the  separation  of  the  States.     The  people  themselves  can 

surrendered  by  National  or  by    do  this  also  if  they  choose :  hut  the  Executive  oa  such   bar 

authority  ?    The  Constitution  docs  not  expressly  say.     nothing  lo  do  with  it,     H.s  duty  is  to  ndministcr  the  prcscn' 

transmit  It.  un 


May  Congress  prohibit  shiver?  in  the  Territories  1    The  Con-  Government  as  it  came  to  his  h 

utilulion  does  not   expressly  say.     Must  Congress    protect  impaired  by  him,  to  his  successor, 

slavery  in  the  Territories  *    Tho  Constitution  docs  not  ex-  •■  Why  should   there  not  be  a  patient  confidence  In   the 

pressly  say.  ultimate  justice  of  tho  people  )    Is  iberc  any  better  or  equal 

■From  questions  r,f  (lies  class  >|.rin^  all  uur  constitutional  hope  in  the   world  I     In   our   present   differences    is   either 

controversies,  and  wo  divide  upon  them  ialo  majorities  and  party  without  faith  of  beintr  in  the  right  i     If  die'  Vlniiu-lm 

minorities.     If  tbu  minority  will  not  acquiesce,  the  majority  Bulcr  of  Nations,  with  llisTcternal  truth  and  jn-ii,,-    |".  ,M', 

must,  or  the  Government  must  cease.     There  is  no  other  your  side  of  the  North,  or  oa  yours  of  the  South,  Med  IniUi 

all.-rualive  ;  fur  continuing  Ihe  Government   is  iiequiisccue-o  and  that  justice  will  surely  prevail  by  the  judgment  of  (bis 

on  one  Side  or  the  other.     If  a  minority  iu  sueh  case  will     great  tribunal  of  the  American  jungle       By  t]ie"fm of  ihe 

secede  rather  than  acquiesce,  they  make  a  precedent  wliieli.  Government  under  width    we   live,  Ihe    smic    people    lime 

in  turn,  wilJ  divide  and  ruin  them  ;  lor  a  minority  of  their  wisely  given  their  public  servants  but  link,  power   for    mis 

own  will  secede  from  Ihem  whenever  a  majority  refuses  lo  chief;  andhavc.  withequn!  wisdom,  provided  for  Ihe  return  of 

I*  controlled  by  such  minority.     For  instance,  why  may  not  that  little  to  their  own  bunds  at  very  snort  interval*       Wliik 

any  ]>orlion  of  a  new  Confederacy,  a  yur  or  two  heiiee,  tbu  people  retain  iheir  virtueiiud  vigilance   no    idmlnlstm 

arbitrarily  secede  again,  precisely  us  [lurliuns  of  the  present  tiou,  hy  any  extreme  of  vrickcdfli as  M  f"n'v    niu  v,,ry  kA 

claim  to  secede  from  it  i    All  who  cherish  das,  oualy  injure  the  Government  in  the  short  space  of  four  yean; 


EXTERIOR   OF    FORT   HOULTBIB,  ON   SULLTY 


CffABLERTOW    HARBOR 


and  the  lawn,  the  Union  is  unbroken,  and  lo  the  extent  of 
my  ability.  I  nliall  take  care,  as  the  Constitution  Itself  ex- 
pressly  enjoins  upon  me,  that  tho  laws  of  the  Union  be 
faithfully  executed  in  all  the  States,  Doing  this  I  deem  to 
lie  only  a  simple  duty  on  my  part ;  and  I  llinll  perform  it, 
so  far  as  practicable,  unless  my  rightful  mailer,  the  Ame- 
rican people,  riinll  withhold  the  requisite  meaiiB,  or,  in  some 
authoritative  manner,  direct  the  contrary.  I  trust  Ibis  will 
not  be  regarded  as  a  menace,  but  only  as  the  declared  pur- 
pose of  Ihe  Union  that  it  will  constitutionally  defend  and 
maintain  itself. 

"  In  doing  this,  there  need  lie  no  bloodshed  or  violence ; 
und  there  shall  be  none,  unless  it  lie  forced  upon  the  National 
authority.  The  power  confided  lo  me  will  lie  used  to  hold, 
occupy,  and  possess  the  property  anil  places  belonging  lo  the 
Government,  and  lo  collect  the  dutits  and  imposts;  but 
beyond  what  may  be  but  necessary  for  these  objects,  there 
will  be  no  Invasion,  no  using  of  force  against  or  among  tho 
people  anywhere. 

"  All  profess  to  be  content  iu  iho  Union,  if  nil  constitu- 
tional rights  can  he  maintained.  Is  it  true,  then,  that  any 
right,  plainly  written  in  thi  Constitution,  has  been  denied  ? 
I  think  not.  Happily  tho  human  mind  is  sc  constituted  that 
no  party  can  reach  to  the  audacity  of  doing  Ibis,  Thins:,  If 
you  can,  of  a  single  instance  In  which  a  plainly  written  pro- 
vision of  the  Constitution  has  ever  been  denied.  If  by  the 
mere  force  of  numbcre,  n  majority  should  deprive  n  minority 
of  miy  clearly  written  constltutinnnj  right.  It  might,  In  a 
moral  point  of  view.  Justify  re  voir. /inn- certainly  would  if 
vdi  rlitht  waru  a  viul  one.    But  uich  la  not  >.ui  awe.    AD 


v  being  erf  muted  te 


union  sentiments 
of  doing  this. 

"Is  there  such  perfect  Identity  of  Interests  among  the 
States  lo  compose  a  new  Union,  us  trt  produce  harmony 
only,  and  prevent  renewed  secession  f 

"Plainly,  the  central  idea  of  secession  is  the  essence  of 
anarchy.  A  majority  held  In  restraint  by  eonslitullonol 
checks  and  limitations,  and  always  changing  easily  with  de- 
liberate changes  of  popular  opinions  und  sentiments,  is  the 
only  true  sovereign  of  a  free  people.  Whoever  rejects  It, 
does,  of  necessity,  fly  to  anarchy  or  to  despotism.  Una- 
nimity is  impossible ;  tho  rule  of  a  minorily,  as  a  permanent 
arrangement,  is  wholly  inadmissible;  so  that,  rejecting  the 
majority  principle,  unurchy  or  despot  fern,  in  some  form,  Is 
all  that  ts  left. 

"Physically  speaking,  wo  cannot  separate.  Wo  ennnot 
remove  our  respective  sections  from  each  other,  nor  build  an 
Impassable  wall  between  them.  A  husband  and  wire  may 
lie  divorced,  und  go  out  of  the  iircseneo  and  hcyo.itl  Ihe 
reach  of  each  other;  but  the  different  parts  of  our  country 
cannot  do  this.  They  ennnot  but  remain  face  lo  face ;  mill 
intercourse,  cither  amicable  or  hostile,  must  eonlinue  be- 
tween Ihem.  It  is  impossible,  then,  to  make  Hint  inter- 
course more  advantageous  or  more  satisfactory  nfter  soparn- 
Hon  than  before.  Can  aliens  make  treaties  easier  than 
friends  can  make  laws  ?  Suppose  yon  go  to  war,  you  rannot 
fight  always;  and  when,  after  much  loss  on  both  sides, 
and  no  pnln  on  either,  you  cease  fighting.  Ihe  Identical  old 
questlnns,  as  to  terms  of  mjireotirac,  ure  again  upon  you 

•''fhboonnoy.wfab.te  tosUtadona.  bdongs  lo  Ihopeopk 


temper        "My  countrymen 


nrt  all.  think  calmly  and  i 


the  si-n-iin,  [Mitnt.  tin'  laws  of  your  own  framing  under  il  ; 
while  the  new  Administration  will  have  no  immediate  power, 
if  it  wruld.  lo  dfcaaga  either.  If  it  were  admitted  that  yon 
who  are  di- ,ili-u>d  bold  the  ri^lu  side  in  Ihe  dispute,  there 
slill  is  no  single  good  reason  for  precipitating  action.  In- 
telligenco,  patriotism,  Christianity,  und  t  tlrni  reliance  on 
Him  who  has  never  yet  forsaken  this  favored  huid,  are 
still  competent  lo  adjuC  in  the  best  way,  nil  our  present 
dillkuliy. 
"In  your  bands,  my  dit,  'Hsned  fellow -countrymen,  and 
p,  is  the  momentous  Issue  of  civil  war.    The  Gov 


'■  You  c 


:t   Will   tl 


lout  being  yourselves 
ilered  in  heaven  In  desl 
e  the  most  solemn  oin 


"  I  am  loath  lo  q]o-v.  We  are  not  enemies,  but  friends.  W  i 
must  not  be  enemies.     Though  passion  may  hnvo  strained 
must  not  break,  our  bonds  of  affection, 

"Tho  mystic  chords  of  memory,  stretching  from  ovo.7 
battlefield  and  patriot-grave  to  every  living  heart  ninl hearth- 
atone  all  over  this  broad  hind,  will  yet  swell  tho  cho tm 
of  the  Union,  when  again  touched,  as  surely  they  will  M, 
b"  the  better  uurell  of  our  rmturn." 


r8 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL    WAR. 


Raymond,  in  his  "Life  of  Abraham  Lincoln," 
nays:  "It  was  under  trying  circumstances  that 
Mr.  Liucoln  entered  upou  the  duties  of  his  office. 
The  declarations  of  his  inaugural,  as  a  general 
thing,  gave  satisfaction  to  the  loyal  people  of 
the  whole  country. 

"  It  was  seen,  everywhere,  that  while  Presi- 
dent Lincoln  felt  constrained,  by  the  most  solemn 
obligations  of  duty,  to  maintain  the  authority  of 
the  Government  of  the  United  States  over  all  terri- 
tory within  its  jurisdiction,  whenever  that  authority 
should  be  disputed  by  tho  actual  ejewisa  of  armed 


Secretary  of  tho  Navy  ;  Caleb  B.  Smith,  of  In- 
diana, Secretary  of  the  Interior;  Montgomery 
Bluir,  of  Maryland,  Postm  aster-gen  end  ;  and  Ed- 
ward Bates,  of  Missouri,  Attorney-general,  These 
iioi  niu  at  ions  were  all  confirmed  by  the  Senate,  and 
the  Cabinet  entered  upon  the  discharge  of  their 
several  duties.  

A  SOUTHERN   COMMISSION. 

On  the  12th  of  March,  Messrs.  John  Forsyth. 

of  Alabama,  Martin  J.  Crawford,  of  Georgia,  and 

A.  B.  Roman,  of  Louisiana,  requested  au  unofficial 


through  a  National  Convention,  to  be  assembled  in 
conformity  with  the  provisions  of  the  Constitu- 
tion of  the  United  States."  ThiB  communication, 
though  written  on  the  15th  of  March, 
was  withheld,  with  the  consent  ol 
the  Commissioners,  until  April  8th,  when  it  was 
delivered.  Tho  fact  of  its  receipt,  and  its  char- 
acter, were  instantly  telegraphed  to  Charleston,  and 
it  was  made  tho  occasion  for  precipitating  tho 
revolution  by  an  act  which,  it  was  believed,  would 
unite  all  tho  Southern  States  iu  support  of  the 
Confederacy. 


I-ouifliuoB.  John  Forsyth,  of  Alabama.  Mnrtin  J.  Crawford,  of  Georgia. 

THE  COMMISSIONED  TL>   WASHINGTON   FHOM   TIIE  SOUTHERN   CONFEDERACY. 


force,  he  would  nevertheless  do  nothing  whatever 
to  provoke  such  a  demonstration,  and  would  tako 
.no  step  which  would  look  like  violence  or  offensive 
warfare  upon  tho  seceded  States.  In  tho  Border 
States  its  reception  was  in  tho  main  satisfactory. 
But  as  a  matter  of  course,  in  those  States,  as  else- 
where throughout  the  South,  tho  secession  leaders 
gave  it  the  most  hostile-  co         etion." 

The  President's  first  act  was  to  construct  his 
Cabinet,  which  was  formed  by  the  appointment  of 
William  II.  Seward,  of  New  York,  Secretary  of 
State;  Salmon  P.  Chase,  of  Ohio,  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury;  Simon  Cameron,  of  Pennsylvania,  Sec- 
retary  of  "War;    Gideon  "Welles,  of  Connecticut, 


interview  with  tho  Secretary  of  State,  which  tho 
latter  declined.  On  tho  13th  they  sent  to  him  a 
communication,  informing  him  that  they  were  in 
Washington  as  Commissioners  for  a  Government 
composed  of  seven  States  which  had  withdrawn 
from  the  Union,  and  that  they  desired  to  enter 
upon  negotiations  for  tho  adjustment  of  all  ques- 
tions growing  out  of  this  separation.  Mr.  Seward, 
by  direction  of  the  President,  declined  to  see  thein, 
because  it  "could  not  bo  admitted  that  the  States 
referred  to  had,  in  law  or  fact,  withdrawn  from  the 
Federal  Union,  or  that  they  could  do  so  iu  any 
other  manner  than  with  tho  consent  and  concert 
of  the  people  of  tho  United  States,  to  bu  given 


THE   HATES   OF  THE   SECESSION   OF 
THE   CONFEDERATE   STATES. 


Stales, 

Stcttiion. 

)tal\fiealion. 

Smith  Coroli 

a  .     December  20th,  1900 

April  3d,  1801. 

Louisiana 

.     December  23d,  1800 

March  Hist,  1881 

Mlislulppl 

.     January  Oth,  18U1 

March  30  th,  1881. 

Alufaiimn  . 

.    January  11th,  1801 

March  131b.  1801 

Florida     . 

.    January  llih,  1801 

April  33d,  1881. 

Georgia    . 

.    January  loth,  1901 

March  10th,  1601 

Twos  ,     . 

.     February  1st,   1B01 

March  25th.  1801. 

Arkansas. 

.     March  .lib,  1801  . 

May  10th,  1801. 

Virgiala   . 

.     April  17th,  1801  . 

TV  iin  ess  to 

.     May  Oth,  1B01      . 

Juno  №IUi,  1801. 

North  Caroli 

■iu  .      May  £0th,  1801     . 

May  -oi  Li,  lUttl, 

THE     SOLI?  r  Eli     /A      OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


JtiKKKKSUA    x'AVIB. 
JEFPSE80H  Davis  was  born 

711110  3d,  1S0S,  in  Christian 
County,  Ky. ;  graduated  at 
(Vest  Point,  1823;  served  as 
lieutenant  of  infantry  at 
Westorn  posts,  and  on  fron- 
tier sorvice,  from  1828  to 
1834 ;  resigned,  1835,  and 
became  a  cotton  -  planter : 
chosen  presidential  elector 
from  Mississippi,  184-1;  mem- 
ber of  the  United  States 
House  of  Representatives, 
1845-40 ;  colonel  First  Mis- 
sissippi Rifle  Volunteers  in 
riie  Mexican  War,  184H-47; 
a u gaged  at  Monterey,  and 
severely  wounded  at  Bue.no, 
Vista;  member  of  United 
States  .Senate,  1847-51;  Se- 
cretary of  War  in  President 
Pierce's  Cabinet,  1853  -  57  ; 
member  of  the  United  States 
Senate  and  Cb airman  of  the 
Committee  on  Military  Af- 
fairs, 1857  to  1861;  President 
of  the  Southern  Confederacy, 
February  18th,  1801  ;  cap- 
tured by  the  Federal  troops, 
May  10th,  1SG5,  at  Irwin- 
ulle.  Go.;  prisoner  of  war, 
1805-07,  at  Fortress  Jlonroe, 
Virginia. 

After  .his  release  lie  visited 
Europe,  and  on  his  return 
he  took  tin  his  residenco  at 
Memphis,  and  became  Pre- 
sident of  the  Carolina  Life 
!  iisn  ranee  Company.  Uo 
afterward  retired  to  his 
country  place  at  lieauvoir, 
Miss.,  were  be  wiote  bis  in- 
le  in  relation  of  the  Civil  War, 
tinder  the  title  "  Kise  and 
Fall  of  the  Confederate 
States,"  published  in  1882  in 
two  large  volumes.  He  is 
still  (1884)  living  in  scoln. 
sum.  anil  his  name  as  his  per- 
sonality is  almost  forgotten  in 

the   rapid   progress   toward  prosperity  enjoyed  ami    and  hy  wanton  aggression  on 
entered    into    by  tho  wiser  and  less  bitter  ot    his    which  fact,  ho  claimed,  doubly. 


'9 

as  Secretary  of  the  Wavy ;  and 
John  II.  Reagan,  of  Texas,  a? 
Postmaster  -  general  After- 
ward, Judau  P.  Benjamin,  of 
Louisiana,  was  appointed 
Attorney-general ;  \\  Uliai. 
M.  B"wn,  late  of  the  Mutf 
itiglon  Comtttutum,  Assist- 
ant-Secretary of  State,  an  (I 
Philip  Clayton,  of  Georgia. 
Assistant-  Secretary  of  tin 
Treasury.     

EVACUATION  OF  FORT 
MOULTRIE. 
Woes  tho  movements  in 
Charleston  Harbor  following 
the  election  of  Mr.  Lincoln 
commenced,  Castle  PincKnev 
and  Fort  Sumter  were  with- 


gorr 


,irrn:i;*n\  davis. 


The  letter,  in 
deed,  was  unfinished ;  Fort 
Moultrie  was  much  out  of 
repair.  Its  garrison  consisted 
of  two  incomplete  companies 
of  the  regular  artillery, 
numbering  only  seventy  men, 
including  n  band  ;  all  under 
the  command  of  Colonel 
Gardner,  who  wes  early  re- 
lieved bv  the  appointment  of 
Major  Robert  Anderson,  of 
Kentucky,  to  tho  command. 
With  the  promulgation  ol 
the  Ordinance  W  Secession 
in  South  Carolina,  open  in- 
timations, often  taking  the 
forni  -t  threats,  were  given 
out,  that  unless  the  forts 
were  speedily  surrendered  to 
the  State  authorities,  they 
would  bo  occupied  by  force. 
It  was  declared  that  any  at- 
tempt to  reinforce  them,  on 
tho  part  of  tho  National  Gov 
ernment,  would  be  regarded 
as  an  overt  act  of  hostility. 

Generals   Scott    and    Wool 

urged    upon    President     Bu 

char.au    the    duty    of    immo 

d  iatcly    placing    a    force    in 

tho  part  of  others,     those    works,    sufficient    to    crush   tho   first  overt 

lsu red  th  lir  success;     acts   of  treason.     Under  his  own  theories   of   the 


vaufrire 
INAUGURATION  OF  JEFFERSON  DAVIS. 
The  inauguration  of  Jefferson  Davis,  us  Provi- 
sional President  of  the  Confederate  States,  took 
(•.lace  at  Montgomery,  Alabama,  February  18th, 
1861,  at  noon,  upon  a  platform  erected  in  front 
■>:    ;\\-   portico   of   the  State   House.     Three  days 

before,  at  his  home  in  Vjcksburg,  Miss.,  ho    had     of  tho  sword,  that  position  they  that  day  assumed 
been    notified    of    Ins    elect im,    and    hastened    to    among  the  nations  of  the  earth. 
Montgomery,   taking  in  his  route  Jackson,  Grand        Mr.  Davis  selected  as  his  Cabinet,  Robert  Toombs, 
Junction,     Chattanooga,    West     Point,    Columbus    of  Georgia,  as  Secretary  of  State  ;  Charles  G.  Mom 
and    Gpelika.     At    each    railroad   station    he    was    minger,   of  South    Carolina,    as    Secretary  of   the 
mot    by  thousands    of  citizens,  and    in   the   route    Treasury ;    Loroy    Pope   Walker,   of    Alnbi 
made    twenty-five  speeches.     At   tho  now   capital,     Secretary  of  W 
which    Mr.  Davis   reached    at    ton  o'clock   lit 


ho  averred  that  the  world  must  have  their  agricul-  restricted  power.',  of  the  Government,  and  with  a 

tural  productions,  and  that  mutual  interest  would  divided  Cabinet,  Mr.  Buchanan  hesitated  to  follow 

invito  goodwill  and  kind  offices,  especially  from  the  the  advice  of  ihe  heads  of  the  army, 
manufacturing  and  navigating  States  of  the  Union ;        Major    Anderson    asked    for    instructions     and 

adding,  howsrer,  that  if  passion  or  hist  of  dominion  succor    from    the    Government,    representing    the 

should  el.piid  tho  judgment  or  inflame  tho  amtltion  weakness    of   Port  Moultrie    and   tho  hopelessness 

of  those  States,  then  they  must  prepare  to  moot  the  of  elfcctivo   resistance  to  a  concerted   attack.     j\ 

emergency,  and  maintain,  by  the  final  arbitrament  private    letter     from    him,    dated     in     December, 

the  following  view  of  the  situation  : 


■light,  tha  ovation  culminated.  Ho  was  wel- 
comed by  the  citiwrns  eight  miles  outside  tho 
city,  and  escorted  thither  with  the  booming 
A  ear'jon  and  tho  nhouts  of  voices. 

E-jorted  to  the  Exchange  Hotel,  he  made 
■i  sj.,  oil  from  tho  balcony  to  the  assembled 
throng  addressing  them  as  "  Brethren  of  the 
Confederated  States  of  America."  His  ap- 
pearance at  this  late  hour  did  not  afford  an 
opportunity  for  the  people  to  see  his  face 
until  two  negroes,  each  with  a  candle,  flanked 
'■mi  on  cither  side,  and  reflected  the  flickering 
ight.s  against  his  pale  and  anxious  counte- 
nance. After  the  ceremony  of  Inauguration. 
Mr.  Davis  conn  -need  to  pronounce  bis  In- 
augural Address.  To  defended  the  right  of 
lucession,  expressed  his  anxiety  to  cultivate 
loaco  and  commerce,  and  said  ho  hoped  to 
avoid  war,  or  at  least  to  ho  acquitted  hy 
posterity  of  having  needlessly  engaged  in  it; 
justified  the  course  of  tho  Confederation  by 
*iio  entire  absence  ■"•*  wong  on  their  part, 


"  When  I  inform  you  that  my  inim'w.i  consists  of  only 

rlsty  cflitfiivn  men,  and   Ibal  we  lire  In  a  very  induTervnt 

work,  llie  walls  of  wliicli  arc  only  about  fourteen  feet  liigl: 

and  (bal  we  have,  within  nnc  liinnlni!  mid  .-iMv  yards'  of  on- 

walls,  Kind   lull?   wllfcll   command  our  works,  and   which 

Stephen  U.  Mallory,  of  Florida,     nllonl  admirable "ttofl  tor  boUcries.  and  the  finest  covcre  foi 

sliarpaUoow™  .    and  that,  beside*   iliis,   there  arc   mi 

mcruUM  bouses,  same  of  them  within  pistol-shot,  you 

will  ill  onco  sgo  that,   if  attacked   in   force,  headed 

by  any  one  but  s  simpleton,  there  Is  scarce  a  possibility 

of  our  bcini;  ulile  to  hold  out  Im.ij  i;li  :c  c-ihiIiU 

our  Iriends  in  mint  to  oar  sun  ur     Trusting  that  UoD 

will  tint  desert  us  in  our  hour  o)  (rial,  .".  air,,  sincerely 

Major  Anderson  directed  the  forca  under 
his  command,  with  such  additional  aid  us  he 
could  control,  to  repairing  and  strengthening 
Fort  Moultrie.  His  exertions  in  this  -espeel 
wore  made  tho  subject  of  Unij  and  violent 
remonstrance  on  tho  part  of  the  press  mi 
authorities  of  South  Carolina.  Still,  the  Gov 
ornmont  gave  him  neither  counsel  nor  tnp- 
poit,  and  it  -vas  not  until  December  illr 
that,  jr.  answer  to  his  repeated  solicitations; 
ho  received  die  tollr.wing  vcrbni  insmic 
ttons,  through  speci.-.i  messenger  Major  Bitell 

"You  am  BWnro  of  tho  great  nnxlety  of  (lie  Score- 
tiiry  of  War  that  a  collision  of  troops  with  (he  ptoplo 
of  this  Stntn  shall  be  avoided,  aud  of  bis  studied 
Intermi nut ion  to  pursue,  a  course  with  re'r-reuco  '-• 


**HE     SOLDIEk     IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


JEiFFEHSOS    DAVIS    ADDEESaiNQ    TITE    CITIZENS    Oh'    MOSTOOMKHY,    AIABAMA. 


tbomilitiiij  rorre  und  fortaof  this  harbor  which  shall  gunrd 
against  such  collision.  Ho  1ms,  therefore,  cure  fully  abstained 
from  increasing  the  force  at,  this  point,  or  taking  any  me  in- 
ures which  might  adil  to  the  present  excited  statu  of  *ho 
public  mind,  or  which  would  throw  any  doubt  on  the  un- 
fldencc  he  feels  that  South  Carolina  will  not  attempt,  by 
violence,  to  obtain  possosrioii  of  thu  public  works,  or  inter 
fero  with  their  occupancy. 

"  But  ilk  thu  counsel  mid  nctaof  rush  and  impulsivo  peraom 
may  possibly  disappoint  these  expectations  of  thu  Govern- 
ment, hu  deems  it  proper  that  you  should  bo  prepared  with 
instructions  to  meet  so  unhappy  a  contingency.  He  has, 
the  re  fore,  directed  uio  verbally  to  give  you  hucIi  instructions. 

■'  You  lire  carefully  to  avoid  every  oft  whieli  would  need- 
lessly tend  to  provoke  aggression,  and  for  that  reason  you 
ure  not,  without  necessity,  to  take  up  any  position  which 

could  be  const  rued  into  tho  nssuuipti if  a  hostile  atti- 
tude ;  but  yon  are  la  luiUl  /-if.fyiu;,  of  the  forU  in  IheJuirbor, 
mill,  if  ulluel.i-1 ',  i/frii  are  to  litj'eiul  ijoitmlf  to  the  last  fte- 
Irmily.  The  srauHncss  of  your  force  will  not  permit  you, 
perhaps,  to  occupy  mow  thau  one  of  the  three  forts,  hut  an 
attack  or  attempt  to  take  possession  of  either  of  them  wi'l 
be  regarded  im  an  act  of  hostility,  and  then  you  may  put 
yi.nr  i  iiniiiiiLinl  into  eiihiT  "if  them  which  you  may  deem 
inont  pmper,  to  iniTCiise  its  jhuvt  of  resistance,  You  are 
alto  autAorhoU  to  t-ila  titnilar  tftpi  utauter  you  hum  tangible 
tebkna  vf  a  dtehn  ("  proccel  to  a  hMik  ftt," 


Toward  tho  middle  of  December,  it  became  evi- 
dent, from  tho  magmtudo  of  military  operations 
going  on,  and  other  indications,  coupled  with  tifr- 
uificaiit  threats  in  tho  South  Carolina  Convent'-; 
and  out  of  it,  thaton  occupation  of  Castle  Pinckucy 
and  Fort  Snmter  was  meditated,  even  if  no  open 
manifestations  should  ho  made  against  Fort  Moul- 
trie. Tho  question  of  tho  latter,  in  event  Fort 
Sumter  was  occupied,  was  ono  entirely  subordinate, 
as  it  was  completely  comiuanded  by  Sumter.  Major 
Anderson  determined,  therefore,  to  anticipate  tho 
South  Carolinians  in  their  contemplated  niatiojuvrc, 
believing  that  tho  contingency  had  arisen  contem- 
plated in  the  closing  paragraph  of  his  instruc- 
tions. Accordingly,  on  the  night  of  December 
2tith,  at  tho  vory  time  that  tho  South  Carolina 
Commissioners  had  arrived  in  Washington  to  de- 
mand the  surrender  of  tho  forts,  hu  evacuated 
Fort  Moultrie,  after  spiking  tho  guns,  and  provid- 
ing for  the  destruction  of  their  carriages  and  other 
material  by  tire;  and  with  tho  aid  of  three  email 
vessels  Bnccessfnlly  transferred  his  littlo  command, 
his  flag  and  available  inanitions  to  Fort  Sumter. 


RAISING  THE  FLAG  ON  FORT  SUMTER 

The  raising  of  tho  national  flag,  which  An- 
derson had  brought  with  him  from  Fort  Moul- 
trie, was  one  of  those  imposing  scones  whieh  lend 
a  romantic  and  thrilling  inspiration  to  the  exigen- 
cies which  history  is  forced  to  record. 
",od"""' ,K0-  Tho  flag  was  raised  precisely  at  noon 
on  the  37th.  A  short  time  previous.  Major  Anderson 
had  assembled  his  littlo  force  of  soldiers  and  work- 
men around  tho  flagstaff.  The  flag  was  attached 
to  the  cord,  and  Major  Anderson,  holding  the  end, 
reverently  knelt  down.  Many  of  thx  group  fol- 
lowed his  example,  and  the  chaplain  offered  an 
earnest  prayer,  an  appeal  for  support  on  earth. 
and  mercy  in  heaven.  When  his  fervid,  solemn 
words  wew  ended,  and  the  men  with  deep  feeling 
had  responded  "Amen,"  Major  Anderson  drew  the 
cord,  and  the  starry  Hag  rose  slowly  to  the  top  of 
tho  staff,  when  tho  band  rolled  out  the  anthem  of 
"Hail  Columbia,"  and  tho  group - officers,  soldiers 
and  laborers - broke  into  an  exultant  salute,  cheer 
following  cheer,  to  the  national  emblem. 


TiiJt     suJ-LHUK    IA      OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


PRESIDENT  BUCHANAN  ASD  THE  SOUTH 
CAROLINA  COMMISSIONERS. 

R.  W.  Barnwell,  J.  H.  Adama  and  Jamea  L. 
Jrr,  prominent  citizens  of  the  Stu.e  of  South 
Carolina,  arrived  in  Washington  on  the  3Cth  of 
Decombor,  18(>0,  as  Commissioners  from  that  State, 
with  communications  to  President  Buchanan,  set- 
ting forth  that,  as  the  State  of  South  Carolina  had 
resumed  the  powers  which  she  bud  delegated  to  Hie 
Government  of  the  United  States,  and  declared  her 
perfect  sovereignty  and  independence,  it  became 
their  duty  to  open  negotiations  in  reference  to  ail 
questions  growing  out  of  this  act  of  the  State,  with 
ii  view  to  the  amicable  settlement  of  all  questions 
between  the  sovereign  State  ol  South  Carolina  and 
the  United  States.  That  the  action  of  Major  An- 
derson hud  rendered  tho  initiation  of  such  arrange- 
ments i  m  pi  is- i  Mr  pending  the  absolute  withdrawal  of 
the  United  States  forces  from  Charleston  Harbor - 
a  withdrawal  which  they  now  formally  demanded. 

They    claimed    that    the    movement    of    Major 

Anderson  was  in  <<>ntravontion  of  an 
Dkcemuen,  I960.         ,       ,      ,.         ,     ,  .. 

understanding  had  some  time  previ- 
ously between  the  Members  of  Congress  for  South 
Carolina  and  the  President.  The  President  replied 
that  tho  understanding  referred  to  was  nothing 
more  then  tho  mutual  expression  of  a  desiro  that 
nothing  should  be  done  on  either  side  in  tho  way 


of  alWctte  on  tho  forts  in  Charleston  Harbor,  Ot  oy 
theii  reinforcement,  that  might  lead  to  collisions, 
in  oider  to  gain  time  for  reflection  and  deliberate 
action.  He  confessed  tliut  he  might  have  ordered 
Major  Anderson  back  to  Fort  Moultrie,  if  it  bad 
not  been  that  South  Carolina  had  already  occupied 
the  remaining  fort  ilinit  inns  without  waiting  for,  or 
asking,  explanations.  He  added  that  it  was  under 
such  circumstances  that  be  was  called  upon  to  with- 
draw tho  troops  from  the  Harbor  of  Charleston, 
coupled  with  the  threat  that,  without  this  being 
done,  negotiations  would  he  impossible.  Under 
these  conditions  ho  firmly  refused  in  these  words : 
"  This  I  cannot  do - this  I  will  not  do  !" 

The  Commissioners  thereupon  sent  the  President 
a  bitter  and  upbraiding  note,  charging  him  with 
bad  faith,  and  setting  forth  that,  after  he  had 
declared  that  the  Government  had  no  right  to 
coerce  a  State,  after  having  removed  a  former  com- 
mandant of  Fort  Moultrie  for  naving  attempted 
to  increase  his  supply  of  ammunition,  and  after 
having  accepted  tho  resignation  of  Gonenil  Cass 
rather  than  permit  (ho  garrison  to  bo  reinforced,  he 
had  now  resolved  to  hold  by  force  the  position  he 
had  obtained  through  the  misplaced  confidence  of 
South  Carolina,  and  to  convert  the  violation  of 
orders  bv  Major  Anderson  into  a  legitimate  act  of 
executive  authority.  They  concluded  by  asserting 
that   by  his    course  tho  President   had   probably 


21 

waieniJ  oivi)  "at  inevitaole,  and  ty  appealing  to 
"the  Cod  of  Jostice  and  the  God  of  Hoste"  to 
enable  South  Carolina  to  perform  tho  work  before 
her,  "hopefully,  bravely  uud  thoroughly."  This 
last  document  the  President  returned,  declining  to 
receivu  it.  

FORTS  SEIZF-D  BY  SUCTH  CAROLINA, 

Upos  Major  Anderson's  transfer  to  Fort  Snmtor, 
the  Convention  at  once  requested  Governor  Pickeni 
to  take  possession  of  Forts  Moultrie,  Johnson  and 
Castle  Pinckney.  General  P..  G.  M.  Duuovant  seized 
Fort  Johnson,  and  Colonel  J.  J.  Pettigrew,  Ciiatlo 
Pinckney.  Lieutenant  R.  K.  Mead,  the  command- 
ant at  Pinckney,  with  his  troops,  fled  to  Sumter. 
His  men  barricaded  tho  door  of  tho 
Castle,  spiked  tho  guns,  ruined  their 
carriages,  removed  tho  ammunition  and  prostrated 
the  flagstaff.  Pettigrew  unfurled  tho  Palmetto  Flag 
over  the  Castle,  amid  tho  cheers  of  thousands  on  tho 
shore.  It  WiLs  the  lir;t  (lug  ruiiod  by  the  insnrgenta 
over  a  national  fortification.  Tho  Washington,  tho 
German,  tho  Lafayette  and  the  Marino  Artilleries, 
under  Colonel  Wilmot  G.  De  Suusanre,  occupied 
Fort  Moultrie. 

Tho  people  of  Charleston  looked  on  with  anxiety, 
not  knowing  the  moment  Major  Anderson  might 
open  firo  on  their  friends.  But  his  instructions 
from  Washington  did  not  permit  him  to  fire  a  gun. 


WAJnn    /LNDRaSDlf   BAJBING    THE   CN'ins    1'LAG   OX   FOBT   8U11TE1I,  DECEMBKK  VTrn. 


THE    SOLDIER     fN     OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


THE  "STAR  OF  TTTF.  WFST." 
Pl-dlic  sentiment  in  the  North  demanded  some 
action  on  the  part  of  the  Government  toward  the 
relief  of  Major  Anderson  and  his  little  band  locked 
up  in  Fort  Sumter;  and,  in  conformity  with  this 
demand,  tho  steamer  Star  of  the  West,  loaded  with 
supplies,  out  unarmed,  was  ditip.iti.hed  from  New 
York,  and  reached  Charleston  Bay  January  9th, 
1SG1.  While-  proceeding  up  tho  harbor,  and  when 
opposite  Morris  Island,  she  was  fired  into  from 
tlio  batteries  on  the  island,  and  compelled  to  re- 
turn to  New  York.  The  Star  of  the  West  had  on 
uoard  250  artillerists  and  marines;  she  sailed  from 
(few  York  January  5th,  1861,  cleared  for  New 
>rleaus  and  Havana.  On  tho  St-h  of  January,  tho 
.ecrctary  of  the  Treasury  resigned,  on  account  of 
,ao  disregard  shown  to  the  objections  offered  by 
omiself  and  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  fitting 
out  the  iSZar  of  l/ie  West. 


to  Governor  Pickens,  asking  him  if  the  firing 
upon  an  unarmed  vessel  carrying  the  flag  of  the 
Government  was  authorized  by  him.  Governoi 
Pickens  replied :  "  The  act  is  perfectly  justified 
by  me."  Major  Anderson  then  asked  for,  and  re- 
ceived, permission  to  send  a  messenger  to  Wash- 
ington with  dispatches  and  for  instructions.  Lieu- 
tenant T.  Talbot  was  selected  for  this  mission. 

Before  on  answer  could  bo  received,  Governor 
Pickens,  on  the  11th  of  January,  made  a  formal 
demand  for  the  surrender  of  the  fort,  which  was 
refused. 

MRS.  ANDERSON  AT  FORT  SUMTER. 
Major  Anderson's  conduct  in  evacuating  Fort 
Moultrie,  and  concentrating  tho  available  loyal 
forces  of  the  United  States  t roups,  then  in  Charles- 
ton Harbor,  within  tho  stronger  walls  of  Sumter, 
was  looked  upon  as  a  breach  of  an  implied  agree- 
ment made  between  the  secessionists  and  tho  Gov- 


but  she  had  not  seen  him  in  seven  years.  His  name 
was  Peter  Hart.  She  knew  him  to  be  a  tried  and 
trusty  friend,  on  whom  she  could  rely  in  any  emer- 
gency, and  sho  ^solved  to  find  him,  and  place  him 
by  the  side  of  bir  husband  within  the  walls  of  Fort 
Sumter. 

For  a  day  and  a  half  she  sought  a  clow  by  visiting 
f.he  residences  of  the  various  Harts  named  in  the 
City  Directory.  She  was  an  invalid.  Her  phy- 
sician protested  against  her  project,  as  no  believed 
its  execution  would  imperil  her  life.  She  would 
listen  to  no  protests,  but  found  Hart,  and  the  two 
started  the  next  day  for  Charleston. 
'  '  They  traveled  without  intermission, 
and  reached  Charleston  at  the  end  of  forty-eight 
hours. 

The  cars  were  crowded  with  Tecruits  hastening  to 
join  in  tho  attack  on  Fort  Sumtor.  She  neither 
ate,  drank,  nor  slept,  and  heard  her  husband  threat- 
ened with  inaUint  death  should  he  fall  into  meii 


SPIKING    THE   GUKS   OF    FOHT   HOULTIUE   MY    MA.IOU  AKDEKSON,  BEFOBE   ITS    EVACUATION,  DECEMBER  28m,   1*10. 


John  A.  Dix,  of  Now  York,  was  appointed  in 
nis  place,  January  11th,  and  he  immediately  took 
vigorous  measures  to  prevent  tho  property  of  tho 
Government,  under  the  control  of  the  Treasury, 
faJii.g  into  tho  hands  of  tho  seceding  States.  On 
the  10th  ho  sent  William  Hemphill  Jones,  a  spe- 
cial agent  from  his  department,  to  Now  Or- 
leans, with  instructions  to  tuko  charge  of  tiio 
Government  property.  This  messenger  ordered 
Captain  John  G.  Bresbwood,  tho  commander  of  tho 
McClelland,  to  proceed  with  her  to  Now  York. 
j*  wwi     ^"  refusal  from  the  commander,  tho 

messenger  telegraphed  to  Mr.  Dix  for 
further  instructions,  and  received  for  answer  n, 
dispatch  directing  him  to  put  the  mutinous  officer 
nndcr  Brrest,  and  concluded  the  message  with  tho 
memorable  injunction:  '-If  any  one  attempts  to 
haul  down  the  American  flag,  shoot  him  on  tho 
spot  I" 

When  Major  Anderson  witnessed  the  firing  on 
the  Star  of  t/m  West,  and  saw  her  depart  withont 
Heina  allowed  to  coininnnieuto  with  lum,  I10  wrote 


ornmont;  bnt  the  now  Secretary  of  War,  Joseph 
Holt,  assured  Major  Anderson  of  the  approval  of 
tho  Government,  and  that  bis  action  was  in  every 
way  admirable,  alike  for  its  humanity  and  patriot- 
ism, as  for  it3  Boldicrship. 

Before  these  words  of  approval  reached  Major 
Anderson,  the  Legislature  of  Nebraska  sent  greet- 
ing two  thousand  miles  by  telegraph.  Indeed, 
every  patriotic  heart  in  tho  land  beat  responsive  to 
tho  spontaneous  praise  of  a  grateful  pcoplo  for  a 
deed  which  seemed  a  promiso  of  safety  to  tho 
republic. 

The  position  of  Major  Anderson  and  his  little 
band,  composed  of  ton  officers,  fifteen  musicians 
and  fifty- fivo  artillerists - eighty  in  all - was  an 
oxtromely  perilous  one.  TTis  friends  ivoro  uneasy  ; 
liia  wife,  a  daughter  of  tho  gallant  soldier,  Gonoral 
Clinch,  of  Georgia,  was  in  Now  York  city.  Sho 
know  her  husband  was  exposed  to  forocimis  foes 
withont,  and  possible  traitors  within,  tho  fort. 

In  tho  omercrenev  sho  remembered  n  faithful 
sergeant  who  hod  been  with  her  husband  in  Mexico, 


hands.  Their  langnngo  was  very  violent,  especially 
respecting  the  destruction  of  tho  old  flagstaff  at 
Moultrie,  which  was  considered  such  an  insult  to 
the  South  Carolinians  as  might  not  be  forgiven. 
At  the  Mills  House  Mm.  Anderson  met  her  brother. 
Sho  found  no  difficulty  in  procuring  a  permit  from 
Governor  Pickens,  who  was  her  father's  old  friend, 
to  go  to  Fort  Sumter. 

The  Governor  refused  one  for  Hart,  saying  ho 
could  not  allow  a  man  to  be  added  to  the  Sumter 
garrison.  She  scornfully  asked  if  South  Carolina, 
claiming  to  bo  a  sovereign  power  among  tho  nations 
of  tho  earth,  would  ho  endangered  by  the  addition 
of  one  man  to  a  garrison  of  seventy  or  eighty,  while 
thousands  of  armed  lia'ids  were  ready  and  willing 
to  strike  thorn  1 

The  Governor,  seeing  the  absurdity  of  His  refusal, 
gave  a  pass  for  Hart,  requiring  from  Major  Andor 
son  a  pledgo  that  lio  should  not  bo  enrolled  as  a 
soldier.  A  small  boat  carried  thorn  to  Sumter 
On  overy  hand  she-  saw  str.ingebannum  ind  warlike 
preparations.    Hearing  Snmt/u,  she  turned  una  saw 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR 


the  national  ensign  floating 
one  in  the  whole  bay.  "1 
exclaimed,  and  hurst  into  tears. 

1!  caching  the  fort,  her  husband  caught  tt?  m  his 
arms,  whispering,  "My  glorious  wife  I" 

'*  I   have   brought  yon    Peter    Hart,"  she   said 
'The  children  arc  well,     1  return  to-night. 


23 


X  the  fort,  the  only     County.  N.  T.     In  18W  be  was  elcctrf  by  tlie  Legislature  of    Senate,  where  it  was  at  o>.."  confirmed.     The  nmmctal  ,i",,i 

dear  old  flflgPshe    U"  State  of  New  York  Unttrf  Slates  Senator.    WMeialue    lock  was  broken,  and  the  Gover rtlb^SES 

Bio  of  all  [ho  money  It  needed.  '  ^ 


In  two  hours  Mr 
bout  by  her  husband,  and  rowed  back  to  the  city, 

The  same  evening  she  started  for  the  national  capi. 
fail.     Her  mission  ended,  she  was  utterly  prostrate, 
A  bed  was  placed  in  the  car  for  her  comfort, 
Slio  was  insensible  when  ahe  arrived  at  Wil- 
lard's    Hotel.  Washington,    and    nftcr    forty- 
eight  hours  of  suffering  from  exhaustion, 
proceeded    to    Now   York   and    rejoined    her 
children. 

This  bravo  woman  had  done  what  the 
Government  failed  to  do - she  had  not  sent, 
but  had  taken,  reinforcement  to  Fort  Sumter. 
How  faithful  ami  useful  this  reinforcement 
was,  the  next  three  months'  history  of  Fort 
Sumter  will,  in  a  measure,  reveal 


Bork  In  Nun-  Hampshire,  July  Ml; 
Adams  Di\  entered  lln;  United  States  Army  in  5812,  us 
cadet,  and  was  ordered  lo  report  to  his  father,  Major 
Timothy  Din,  .Tr..  commanding  the  Fourteenth  la- 
in March,  1813,  lie 
ily.  General  Armstrong,  die 
(jii  est  in  nul  the  hid  as  to  tiis 
111  fur  advanced,  lohl  ban  he 
cepl  military  Uietiiy, 
urn]  suggested  1h.1l  he  should  go  to  (he  frontier. 
Having  ga'-.cd  the  consent  of  his  father,  General 

Annslrong  pjve  him  itn  I'lisiim's  nimmiuiciD,  align- 
ing him  to  service  in  his  father's  regiment,  which,  in 
April,  received  onh™  to  march  lo  Bnckett's  Harbor, 
N.  Y..io  report  lo  General  Jacob  Brown,  afterward 


Senate,  ho  strongly  urged  upon  Congress  tberlgo: 
eeculfon  of  the  war  with  Mexico  until  a  [mice  won  conquered 
anil  the  question  of  the  boundary  line  for  ever  settled. 

Appointed  by  President  Pierce  Assistant  United  Slates 
Treasurer  at  New  York  in  1858,  pending  his  confirmation  by 
the  Senate  its  United  Stales  Minister  to  France, 


Anderson   was  placed   in   thu     ?,! RI"  WM  PnT''"'"i  by  the  pressure  brought  to  bear  by 


General  Dix,  when  Secretory  of  the  T-casury  under  Pre 
sidenl  Bueltonnns  reorganized  Cabinet,  was  the  first  of  lib 
advisers  to  assert  the  authority  or  the  Government  in  a 
manner  to  meet  the  expectations,  stir  the  patriotism  ond  call 
forth  the  sympathies  of  the  Northern  people.  The  revenue 
,  cutters  were  under  ha  control  nod  orders  ds  Secretary  of  Iht 
IlK'  ground  of  the  Fr.,.-K>il  [iroi-livilria      Treasury.     When  bo  came  into  ofllce  the  cutter  Laeia  Qui 


Southrrn  Senalui 

of  Genen-'    Dix.    John  Y.  Mason,  oE  Virginia,   finally 
cured  the  appointment. 
In  1S1B  General  JJk  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Vestry 


lv  .1-    .1    Mnliili  .    1 


rl  the  Roierl  JfcOfeHnnd  at  New  Orleans. 
■  18th,  IStll)  ordered  their  commanders, 
sengar,  to  return  with  their  vessels  to 
.     On  (he  refusal  of  the  commander  ot 

lanir,  the  Secretary  sent   the  following 
■ '""  special  agent  ul  New  Orlca-j.    The 


s  I  rensury 

lost  to  1  he 

ic  order  in 

iiapers,  a  few  days  afterword,  did  a  service 

■nin*r  the  public  senllmcnl  lo  the  dangci 

Honed  then-  country's  flag- worth  more  to 

■mount  at  thai   time  Mil 

The  hiitorie  order  reads  as  follows  ; 

;t,  January  2Blh,  1801. 

u|<  ■  M  lj  -  -.  n,  r.il 
Jacob  Brown,  then  1  umniiiii'lin.-  1 1 . .  \i.rtlnrii  Miliian  lie 
purtmcat  of  the  United  Slates.  While  Malar  Dix  was  011 
General  Brown's  BlatT,  be  had  unuso  d  t.n  .v  ■  -  ■  ,i  t  all 
parts  of  the  United  Slates,  and  mingle  ranch  -..  tb  tin  pro, 
iniiionl  statesmen  and  scholars  of  ibat  day.  In  ]-jii  Sinter 
Dix  was  scut  us  a  Special  messenger  by  Ike  PlccU  at   i,,  uo- 

livcr  ihe  treaty  just  made  between  the  United  Stales  and  the 
kingdom  of  Denmark  lo  our  Minister  at  Copenhagen.  On 
bin  return  In  ihe  Autumn,  b.  win  ordered  la  Fortrcm  Mon- 
roe     In  July,  1820,  after  sixteen  yean,  of  wmcc.  he  radgncd 

his  commission  as  captain  of  lbs  Thiol  Region  n  of  Artilli  it, 

He  sclllcd  at  Cooperslown,   N.  Y.,  and  prncliced   law.     in 

1KII)  he  was  appointed  adjulnnt-general  of  the  Slut-  of  New 

York.     In  1"K1  he  was  appouiled   Secretary  nf  Stall 

UH1   ho  was   elected    to  the   Biate   Assautbly   for   Albany     Mr.  Thomas,  and  at 


V:,!lv,.  h 


he  served  of  Trinity   Church,  New  York  city,  and  at  once  becniuo 

10   Mount  aclive  iu  reorganizing  tho  financial  department,  ami  seeming  (he  Dcpa 

md.     The  Stole  Icgislalioa  thai  made  it  possible  lo  successfully  defend  be  was 

!  quarter-  the  properly  of  ibe  church  against  the  claimants  representing  McClcllnn.     At  ibis  post  he 

1  llarbur.  the  descendants  of   Anmko  .haw,  who  held  claim   to   the  t.aiiamading-gciiend  in  his  at 

■r !.-.  a.  r.il  owDcrahlp  of  all  the  real  estate  iu  possession  of  the  Trinity         While  m  Fortress  Hocroc 

lit.irj   Hi-  Parish.      He  aftenmrd  Is.-ame  Ltimptniller  of  the  Vestry.  by  llio  Federal  limiii  L'i 

1   "  ' '"  1Kml  I'r'^idr  iH  Buchanan  appointed  General  Dix  Post,  of  Ihe  SUito  of  New  York. 

of  New  York  city.     On  the  resignation  ..f  Howell  ,bo  Fed'-id  Armv.    Defeat  ae 


'2,  General  Dix  was  tr 

Vmi'.i  Ivaaiii  lo  Fortress  M cc, 

command    anil    report   lo  .Major-; 


Cobb  as  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  Philip  T.  Thou 
appointed  by  President  Buchanan.  Ho  came  lo  New  York 
seeking  lo  obtain  funds  for  tho  depleted  Treasury.  The 
banks  and  flnauelal  ugeals  in  Wall  Street  did  not  respond,  .  nd 
the  President  made  Inquiry  as  to  what  would  satisfy  them. 
They  Hiked  Iu  name  a  Cabinet  ofllcer,  and,  with  singular 
unanimity,  named  John  A.  Dix,  and  tho  President  offered 
him  Ihe  portfolio  of  War.  This  General  Dix  declined,  and 
frankly  staled  to  the  President  ihnt  he  could  be  of  no  service 
to  him,  except  In  the  Treasury  Department.  The  President 
In  asked  for  lime,  and  Iho  next  dny  secured  the  resignation  of 
sen*,  UeoemJ  nix's  name  to  the 


land     TlioresnHdl 

and  he  conliminl  al 
Confederate  forces  in 
Juno  General  Dix  V 
occupy  tho  large  for 


ii  Kii  lltminl,         j 
unsiiinnjusly  noicjoatct 
candidate  for  Governor 

wore  Ihe  black  ibiya  for 
rumors  of  disa-lns  irith 

rn  Slates    [icrvntlcd   ihe 
adverse  lo  General  Dix, 

"ess  Monroe,  boMine  ibe 
check.     On  the  Mth  of 


1  Itichi 


I  of  the  Confederatu  Army,  duriug  the 


win  M.  Sianlon  bsTora  It  o<  tnnnaltted,  Mid  rocclml 

\\  approval.  Thu  fre-l.r-   aW),  to  tvnloh  wo  ore  Lailttaud 


24 


TH&     SOLDI  MR    JM    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


absence  ot  tne  roahl  body  la  .  ..-ir. ayivunia 
[n  conformity  iviib  these  ordere,  General  IHi 
i  the  York  River  with  nbout  18,000 
men,  burned  the  bridj.'e.  cut  General  Lee's 
tine,  of  coimnuniraUoo,  mptun.il  many  pri 
■ra,  including  General  Fits  Hugh  Lee, 
and  marched  within  ten  miles  of  Richmond. 
At  this  ninmint  be  wil-  otik-red,  hy  General 
Halleck,  to  fall  buck,  nnd  scud  nil  tho  troops, 
not  actually  required  to  Iho  defense  of  Wash- 
ington, to  reinforce  Q  en  end  Mendc  It 
was  not  the  plan  of  General  Dix  to  attempt 
tho  capture,  of  Richmond,  hut  ho  hoped,  by 
boMing  his  tiwps  within  a  few  miles  of  Itfi 
Sronjr  fortifications,  to  nut  only  keep  idle  the 
iorec  already  Inside  the  lines,  hut  to  draw  hack 
to  its  defense.-!  ten  or  twelve  thou^md  troops 
th.it  were  umtiT  umrr  tiiusr  orders  to  rrinforco 


;uum.vn  j.  jtall, 


LIEOTEHAMT    HALL,  WITII    FLAC    OF   TRCCE    AND   LET' 

A5TUR  TI1F.   FIRING   OS  T 


THE    SOLDIER    IN     OUR     CIJ'IL     WAR. 


SOUTH  CAROLINA'S  DEMAND  UPON 

PRESIDENT  BUCHANAN. 

Governor   Pickens  dispatched   his    Attorney- 

general,  Isaac  W.  Hayne,  with  a  letter  to  Presi- 


character,  and  turned  him  over  to  the  Secretary  of      for    possession,   by  purchase  or  conquest,  of  the 


War.  A  number  of  the  secession  Senators  : 
interfered  to  prevent  the  delivery  of  Governor 
Pickens's  demands,  either  tor  the  purpose  of  trying 
to  heal  the  difficulties  or  to  gain  time,  in  order  to 


>  knoi 


edge 


ISAAC     W .    HAY 

BOOTH   CAROLINA 
CAROLINA'S   ULT1MATD1] 


dent  Buchanan,  making  demand  Eor  the  .surrender 
of  Fort-  Sumter  "  to  avoid  the  bloodshed  which  a 
persistence  in  your  attempts  to  retain  the  pos" 
session  of  that  fort  will  cause."  Mr. 
.lAsuiirt,  rwi.  Hayne  had  an  interview  with  the 
President  on  the  15th  of  January;  but  the  Pre- 
sident   declined    to  recognize  him    in   an   official 


Government  forts  in  Charleston  Harbor,  the  other 
States,  acting  in  apparent  concert,  seized  Forts 
Pulaski  aud  Jackson,  in  tho  harbor  of  Savor 


purpose  there  was  no 
intention  to  divert  it. 
He  added  that  the 
Government  of  the 
United  States  would 
continue  to  hold  tho  fort  in  that  spirit,  and 
that  the  responsibility  of  an  assault  that  might 
disturb  the  beneficent  purpose  of  the  Gov- 
ernment in  holding  its  undoubted  property  would 
rest  on  South  Carolina,  aud  not  on  the  general 
Government.  Taking  advantage  of  the  delays 
incident  to  the  formal  demand  of  South  Carolina 


Fort  Gaines  and  Morgan  at  Mobile ;  Forts  St. 
Philip  and  Jackson  below  New  Orleans  ;  Forts 
Earnncas  and  McRao  at  Pensacola ;  Fort  Clinch 
at  Fernandina,  Forts  Caswell,  Johnson  and  Macon 
in  North  Carolina ;  tho  Mint  and  Custom  House 
at  New  Orleans,  the  Arsenal  at  Little  Rock,  Ark., 
and  other  Government  properties  in  the  South. 


THE   OLD   STATE    HOUSE    AT    COLUMBIA,     WHERE    THE    SOUTH     CAROLINA    LEGISLATURE    UNANIMOUSLY    ADOPTED    THE    ORDINANCE    Of 

SECESSION    DECEMBER    80TH.     I860. 


THE    "STAB    OF    THE    WEST,"    WITH    SUPPLIES    FOE    MAJOE    ANDERSON,    APPROACHING 


EVACUATION    OF    FORT    MOULTIUE    JiV    JIAJOU    A'.pEU'XjN, 


L'EMliLK    Mm,  i860. 


THE   "STAR    OF    THE   WEST,"   WITH    3UPPLIES    FOB    MAJOR    ANDERSON,    APPROACHING    FOBT  S  CM  TEE  -  FIRED    UPON    FBOU    vr>RT    MOULTRIE    AND    T. 


HE    BATTERIES    ON    MOBRIH   ISLAND. 


28 


THE    SOLDIER    IX    OUR     CIVIL     WAR 


1 


II 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CIVIL    WAR. 


29 


REVIEW  OF  SOOTH   CAROLINA    VOLUNTEER   TROOPS   IN    FORT  .MOULTRIE,    CHARLESTON 


REVIEW  OF  SOUTH  CAROLINA   VOLUNTEER  TROOPS   IN"    FORT  .MOULTRIE,   CHARLESTON  BBOR,- THE  WIFE   AND   DAUGHTER  OF  GOVERNOB    PICKENS   VISITING  THE  TROOPS. 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


THE  BEIZUitE  Of  THE  UNITED  STATES 
ARSENAL  AT  AUGUSTA,  GA 

The  following  account  of  the  seizure  of  the 
Arsenal  at  Augusta,  Ga.,  wo  take  from  Avery's 
u  History  of  Georgia."  (Now  York:  Brown*  Der- 
by.  18S2): 

"From  the  date  of  Georgia'a  secession,  events 
went  forward  swiftly.  Governor  Brown,  with  char- 
acteristic promptitude,  hastened  to  make  practical 
the  sovereignty  of  the  State.  The  United  States 
Hag  was  still  living  over  tho  Augusta 
Arsenal.  Captain  Arnold  Elzey  was 
in  charge  of  it,  in  command  of  eighty  United 
States  soldiore.  During  !ho  heated  public  feeling 
before  secession  tho  people  were  in  great  excite- 
ment over  Federal  occupation  of  the  arsenal.  This 
excitement  became  almost  uncontrollable  when  the 
Federal  flag  continued  to  flout  over  tho  arsenal 
after  secession,  and  it  was  tho  all-absorbing  theme 
t"f  talk.  Governor  Brown  went  promptly  to  Au- 
gusta, arriving  there  on  the  %'id  of  January,  1861. 


"  Wabhetotos,  January  tad,  1881. 

"Captain  Arnold  Ekrr,  Seetmd  ArtilUry,  CamaandinQ  J"- 
ffitsta  Anettal,  Qa.  ; 
"'Hie  Governor  of  Gcnrsia  has  assumed  acdnst  your  post 
and  the  United  Stales  an  attitude  or  war.  His  summons  is 
harsh  and  peremptory.  It  ti  oot  expected  that  your  defense 
should  lie  desperate.  If  '.  -cal  to  surrender  hy  violence  or 
starvation,  yoa  will  slipuU  e  for  honorable  terms  and  a  fret 
passage  by  water  with  your  company  to  New  York. 

••Secretary  of  War." 
During  tho  day  of  the  23d,  tho  volunteers  o£  tho 
city  were  ordered  out,  and  some  eight  hundred 
troops  responded.  Tho  refusal  of  Captain  Ekoy  to 
surrender  created  tho  exciting  prospect  of  a  battle, 
and  hence  every  man  turned  out  that  could  raise 
a  uniform  and  n  gun.  Troops  came  in  from  tho 
country. 

The  companies  out  were  the  Augusta  Battalion, 
companies  A  and  B  of  tho  minutcmen,  and  tho 
militia,  all  under  tho  immediate  command  of 
Lieutenant- colonel  dimming.  Brigadier-general 
Harris  had  general  direction,  aided  by  Brigadier- 


33 

i  terms  of  surrender  wer" 


the  Arsenal,  where  i 
agreed  upon : 

1.  Tho  United  States  flag  was  to  bo  Towered  and  saluted. 

2.  The  company  to  march  oat  with  military  honors. 

8.  A  receipt  to  be  given  for  the  property  with  a  vtow  tc 
future  adjustment, 

4.  The  company  to  retain  lb)  iirai  and  property  ;  to  ■*"" 
in  its  quartets  until  withdrawal  from  the  Stale ;  and  to  have 
passage  to  New  York  by  Savannah. 

Tho  State  obtained  n  largo  quantity  of  vnlnable 
ordnance  and  munitions,  among  thorn  a  fine  bat- 
tery of  two  twelve-pound  howitzers,  two  cannons, 
twenty-two  thousand  musketfl  and  rillcs,  many  of 
them  of  tho  best  kind,  and  heavy  stores  of  powder, 
grapo  and  other  ammunition. 

A  silent  oinbraco  was  Captain  Elzo/a  reply,  nnd 
tho  incident  Glled  with  tears  tho  oyea  of  those  who 
witnessed  the  touching  incident  between  theso  two 
old  army  friends,  suddenly  placed  in  hostile  relations 
to  each  othor.  The  two  were  at  West  Point  to- 
gether. 

Colonel  Walker  was   afterward  made  a  Major 


THE  ORDNANCE  BUREAU  AT  CHARLESTON,  S.  0. 


Colonel,  afterward  Go  leral  H.  It.  Jackson,  accom- 
panied the  Governor  as  his  aid." 
The  following  communication  was  addressed  to 

Captain  Elzey: 

"  Auousta.  Ga.,  January  l!3d,  1801. 
•Chpfiji* Arnold  Slug.  U.8.A,QmtntakdingAvgtutaATKnid: 

"Sin:  I  am  instructed  by  His  E\cellea',y  Governor 
Brown  to  say  to  you  that  Georgia,  havio;,  seceded  from 
the  United  SuiUn  of  America,  and  resur.ol  exclusive  sov- 
ryalgnty  over  bur  soil,  it  has  become  m>-  duly  lo  require  you 
10  withdraw  the  troops  under  your  coanuaad  at  the  earliest 
Draetieablo  moment  from  the  liaiil3  of  this  Stale 

'He  proposes  in  take  possession  of  Iho  arsenal,  and  to 
receipt  for  all  public  property  under  your  charge,  which 
will  he  hereafter  accounted  for,  oa  adjustment  between  the 
Stale  of  Georgia  and  the  United  States  of  America. 

"He  hc^-s  to  refer  you  to  the  fact  Hint  the  retention  of 
foreign  troops  u|ion  tho  soil  of  Georiua  after  re moes trance 
l!,  under  the  laws  of  nations,  an  act  of  hostility,  and  bo 
cairns  that  the  Stale  is  not  only  at  pence,  hut  anxious  to 
c  titivate  lb  3  moot  amicable  relations,  with  the  United  Slates 

"  I  am  further  instructed  to  say  that  no  answer  will  bo 
ixnectcd  by  to-morrow  moraine  at  nino  o'clock. 

"lam,  sir,  very  ri.-sj-H.-ci  fully,  your  obedient  servant, 
"  He.vht  R.  .Tacksoh, 

"  Aide  ■  dt-ea  mp. " 

Captain  Elzey  refused  to  give  up  the  arsenal,  and 
tele"rapiied  tho  situation  to  tho  authorities  at 
Washington,  receiving  at  one  o'clock  at  night 
this  reply  r 


general  Williams,  of  Columbus.  Colonel  William 
Phillips  was  on  the  Governor's  Ktaff.  Govornor 
Brown  determined  to  make  no  hostile  demonstra- 
tion on  tho  33d,  but  to  allow  Captain  Elzey  a  day 
for  consideration. 

The  troops  were  dismissed  until  the  34th,  at  nine 
o'clock  A.U.j  when  they  reassembled,  and  were  just 
about  to  march  for  the  Arsenal,  when  Captain  Elzey 
sent  the  following  communication,  which  caused  a 
countermanding  of  tho  ordor  to  march: 

"  IlEADqUAT.TEKS,  A.OTDBTA  AnsF.NAL,  Qa.,  1 
"January  24th,  ISO" I.  ) 

"  Slit :  I  have  the  honor  to  inform  yoa  that  I  am  directed 
by  Captain  El"y,  cmnmanding  this  post,  lo  say,  in  reply  lo 
the  demand  of  the  Governor  of  the  State  of  Georgia,  made 
through  you  yesterday,  requiring  him  to  withdraw  die  com- 
mand beyond  tin-  limi'ls  ..f  the  Stale  :  lie  begs  to  request  an 
Interview  with  His  Exeellcncy  the  Governor,  for  Ilia  pur- 
pose of  negotiating  honorable  terms  of  surrender  at  as  early 
un  hour  this  morning  an  pnirlicable.  I  have  the  honor  lo  be, 
very  respectfully,  jour  obedient  servant, 

"J.  U.  JONES, 
"  Lieutenant  Second  Artillery,  Adj." 
"To  Colonel  If.  It.  Jackson,  Aide-de-tamp." 

At  ten  o'clock  Governor  Brown,  with  Generals 
Williams  and  Harris  and  his  staff,  Colonel  II.  II. 
Jackson,  Colonel  William  Phillips,  Lieutenant-col- 
onel M.  C.  Fulton,  Lieutenant-colonel  C.  V.  Walker 
and  Lieutenant-colonel  Henry  Cleveland,  rodo  to 


general  in  tho  Confederate  Army.  Ho  was  thn 
possessor  of  the  courage  that  bordered  upon  tho 
desperate.  He  was  peculiarly  unfortunate,  having 
ocen  frightfully  wounded  on  three  different  occa- 
sions in  his  service  beforo  tho  war,  once  being 
literally  riddled  by  shot ;  he  was  finally  killed  in 
the  battles  nround  Atlanta. 

Tho  garrison  was  called  out,  and  the  four  field- 
pieces  used  in  firing  the  salute.  Thirty-three  gunB 
were  fired,  one  for  each  star  on  the  old  flag,  Georgia 
included. 

Tho  flag  descended  from  the  staff  between  the 
thirty -second  and  thirty -third  fire.  All  of  the 
officers  of  tho  company,  and  some  of  those  with  the 
Governor,  had  seen  active  service  uudor  it,  with 
Colonel  Jackson,  through  the  Mexican  War. 

Refreshments,  wore  ordered  by  C.ftnin  Elzey,  and 
a  number  of  toasts  were  pledged,  several  of  them 
deserving  preservation.  Colonel  Jackson  offered 
this  feeling  and  memorable  sentiment: '"  Tho  flog 
of  stars  and  stripes,  may  it  never  bo  disgraced  while 
it  floats  over  a  true  Southern  patriot."  Thin  toast 
was  warmly  appreciated  by  the  oflicera  of  the  Fed- 
eral company  who  were  Southern  officers.  Gov- 
ernor Brown,  while  not  drinking  wine,  proposed  a 
toast  to  Captain  Elzey,  in  which  he  paid  that  officer 
a  merited  and  generous  compliment.  Governot 
Brown  returned  immediately  to  Alilledgeville. 


GENEKAL  VIEW   OF  THE   CI'iY 


THE   BOMBAEDMEKT  OF  FORT  SUMTER,  SKETCBl 


GENERAL   VIEW   OF  THE  CITY   AND  aARBOR  OF  CHARLESTON,  B.  (X 


THE   BOMBARDMENT  OF  FORT  SUMTER.  SKETCHED  FROM   MORRIS  ISLAND,  CHARLESTON  HARBOR,  S.  0. 


36 


THE    SOLDIER    IN     OUR     CIVIL     WAK. 


THE   UNITED  STATES   REVENUE  CUTTER  "  AIKEN,"  SEIZED   IN   CHARLESTON    HARROR   BY  THE   SOUTH    CAROLINA   AUTHORITIES. 


CHARLESTON  HARBOR- FORTS  AND 
DEFENSES. 

Charleston  and  Charleston  Harbor  were,  before 
Hie  War,  defended  by  three  fortifications - Castle 
Pinekney,  a  small,  old-fashioned  work  on  the  main 
land ;  Fort  Moultrie,  near  the  entrance  to  the 
harbor,  on  Sullivan's  Island;  and  Fort  Sumter,  a 
splendid  work,  on  an  artificial  island,  toward  the 
mouth  of  the  harbor. 

Foi  t  Moultrie  was  situated  on  Sullivan'*  Island, 


north  side  of  Charleston  Harbor,  nearly  opposite 
Fort  Sumter,  and  distant  from  it  about  one  and 
one-eighth  miles.  Correctly  :-[>.'aking,  it  wag  a 
huge  water-bat tory,  without  any  guns  under  cover. 
Its  armament  consisted  of  eleven  guns  of  heavy 
calibre,  and  several  mortars.  Tho  outer  and  inner 
walls  were  of  brick,  capped  with  stone  and  filled 
with  earth,  making  a  solid  wall  fifteen  or  sixteen 
feet  in  thickness.  After  its  abandonment  by  Major 
Anderson,  and  before  the  attack  on  Fort  Sumter, 
it  was  much  strengthened.  Band-bag  coverts  having 


been  built  between  the  guna,  so  that  the  latter  were 
protected  from  a  transverse  or  raking  fire.  Fort 
Moultrie  occupied  the  site  of  the  old  Palmetto 
Fort  of  the  same  name,  where  was  fought  one  r>* 
the  most  brilliant  and  decisive  battles  of  the  Rev'f 
lution,  when  a  few  hundred  men,  who  had  now: 
before  fired  a  gun,  beat  off  and  nearly  destroyed  a 
formidable  British  fleet,  with  a  greater  slaughter, 
in  proportion  to  the  numbers  engaged,  than  that 
of  tho  bloody  fights  of  Trafalgar  and  the  Niie. 
Upon  the  plan  of  Charleston  Harbor  the  relative 


IMP'-  *. 
is  &*■     , 

J  Wide  PI 


Castle 
jpit/ftney 


J>'\1 


Flan  of  Operations 

In 

Charleston  Harbour. 


Floatina 

Batlcrj/-^ 


¥ 


Tort  John.von 
Batteries, 


UJCATIONS  OP1  FORTS  AND   DEFENSES  DIRECTED   AGAINST  FORT  SUMTER. 


jiFort  SumJJtei: 
i 


■gff^-  Cvmmvnts  PP 
■  V     v      Batteries 


THE    SOLDIER    TN    OUR    CIVIL     1VAR. 


37 


joaitionB  ui  Forta  Svmtei,  Moultrie  and  Pinckney, 
the  insurgent  batteries  on  Morris  island,  and  the 
City  of  Charleston,  are  shown.    The  positi 
by  the  floating  battery,  on  the  day  preceding  the 
attack  on  Fort  Sumter,   is  also  indicated  in  tho 
plan.     These  illustrations  present  at  a  gli 
belligerent  operations  against  the  Federal  fori 
Fort  Snmter,  tho  immediate  effect  of  which  V 
profound    on    the    country 
at  large.     

THE  FLOATING 
BATTERY. 

This  novel  destructive, 
anchored  off  tho  southern 
extremity  of  Sullivan's 
island,  performed  ;i  leading 
part  in  tho  attack  on  Fort 
Sumter.  It  was  constructed 
under  a  storm  of  ridicule, 
which  was  very  effectually 
silenced  by  its  practical  test. 

It  may  bo  taken,  in  con- 
junction with  tho  iron  bat- 
tery  on    Cummings'  Point, 
as  demonstrating  a  now  and 
important   principle  in   tho 
science  of  military  defenses. 
Tho  battery  was  about  one, 
hundred     feet    long    by 
".wenty - fivo    wide,   built    of 
.-awed    pine    timber    twelve 
Inches    6quare.    the   bottom 
f.at,  tho  gnu  aide  presenting 
an  angular  front,   the  alopo 
of  which,  upward  anil  down- 
ward,  was   about  forty  de- 
crees.   This  front  was  faced 
with     two     thicknesses     of 
railway  iron,   running   ver- 
tically,   with    four    thick- 
inv-es  additional  "t  boiler  ire...  ... 

tl,"  ™d",  .tract™  b.llind.  ml  pieroed  to  four  BOMBARDMENT  OF  FORT  SUMTER. 

gnus  of  heavy  calibre,  requiring  sixty  men  to  work  Majoji  Anderson  and  his  small  garrison  cvac- 
them  properly.  Behind  tho  buttery,  at  the  time  uated  Fort  Moultrie  on  tho  night  of  the  26tli  Do- 
of  tho  attack,  was  moored  a  floating  hospital,  com-  cember,  1860,  and  tho  morning  of  the  87th  broke, 
[ilotoly  protected  from  horizontal  lira  by  the  de-  revealing  to  tho  astonished  gazo  of  tho  peoplo  of 
f  wises  in  front,  and  only  exposed  to  shell.  The  Charleston  the  national  flag  floating  defiantly  over 
magazines  were  in  the  hold  of  tho  battery,  pro-  Sumter.  They  turned  their  eyes  to  Moultrie,  only 
tceted   by  layers   of  sand-bags  sis  feet   in   thick-    to   seo  dense  volumes  of  smoke  rising    from    the 

ibs,  tho  weight  of  which  served  as  a  counterpoise    burning  carriages  of  tho  guns  on   its  walls.     An 


WHO   ROASTED  O 


EDMUND  RUFFIH,  OF  V 
'the  honor  of  fibucq  the  i 
iico,  hu  committed  suleldo  l.y  blow! 


m,  all  bolted  firmly  to 


io  that  of  the  gun: 


ward,  some  workmen  arriv- 
ing from  Sullivan'a  Island,  explained 
to  the  excited  citizens  of  Charleston  what  bad  oc- 
curred. Tho  troops  wero  immediately  put  in 
motion  ;  tho  Convention  hastily  met  in  secret  ses- 
sion, and  the  city  was  stirred  to  its  centre.  Gov- 
r  Pickens  sent  n  noto  to  Major  Anderson  for 
an  explanation  of  the  movement,  and  demanding 
under  what  authority  it  had  been  made.  That 
officer  responded,  assuming  the  responsibility  of 
tho  act,  and  justifying  it  as  uuo  of  defensive  na- 


ity.     On  April  6th,  over  threo   month*  after 
Anderson  oecnpied  Fcrt  Sumter,  the  Gov- 
ernment  decided  on  its  line  of  policy 
in    respect   to  Fort   Sumter  and  the 
menaced  fortresses  of  the  United  States,  and 
sent  to  Ohaileston    two   messengers,    who  reached 
that  city  on  tho  8th.     Ono   of  these,    Lieutenant 
Theodore  Talbot,  U.  S.  A.,  brought  dispatches  tc 
Major   Anderson ;    and  the 
other,  Mr.  R.  A.  Chew,  ol 
tho    department    of    State, 
was  directed  to  inform  the 
authorities     at     Charleston 
that    the    Government    hail 
determined  to  send  supplies 
to  Major  Anderson,    peace- 
ably   if  possible,    but    that 
no  attempt  would  bo  made 
to    reinforce     that     officer, 
unless    tho   vessel    carrying 
provisions  should  ho  assail- 
ed.    The   authorities  at 
Charleston  would  not  allow 
Lieutenant   Talbot  to   pro- 
ceed to    Fort    Sumter,  and 
Major   Anderson    was    con- 
sequently left  in  ignorance 
of    tho    determination     and 
plans    of    his    Government. 
Mr.  Chow,    however,    con- 
veyed to   Governor  Pickens 
nnd  General  Beauregard  tlw 
nicssago  with  which  no  Wi. 
intrusted,  declining  at   the 
same     time     to     receive     a 
reply ;    tho    ohject     of    hh 
mission  being  to  so    advise 
tho    local   authorities    that 
ntiEB."  they    might    not     interpret 

wtth  ncun.nTtnc.  Il  peaceful  and  humane  act 

into  a  menace,  or  hostile 
demonstration  against  themselves.  General  Beau 
regard  immediately  communicated  by  telegraph 
with  the  Provisional  Government  of  the  Confed- 
erate States  at  Montgomery. 

On  April  13th,  1801,  3:20  a.ji.,  Major  Ander- 
son received  the  following  communication: 

"  Majoii  Andi:iishn,  Sin:  By  authority  of  Brifjiidh*-- 
Genurul  Bisiiirejfinl.  runiiiiiiulifig  Mie  [imvisiuiml  forces  o[ 
tho  Confederate  Stales,  we  have.  i!io  honor  lo  uolify  you 
llml  lie  il  ill  open  Hie  lire  of  Ills  liutttri.'S  oa  Fort  HuiKiei 
in  an  hour  from  this  time.  Wc  have,  tho  honor  to  Ihj  Torj 
respectfully,  your  obedient  servants, 

"  Jjuies  Chestnut,  Jr.,  Aide-de-camp, 
D.  Lee,  Captain,  C.S.A." 

At  4:2fl  A.  is.  of  the  12th  of  April  fire  was 
opened  on  Fort  Snmter.  Major  Anderson  resolved 
not  to  return  the  fire  until  broad  daylight,  not 
wishing  to  waste  any  of  his  ammunition.  To  the 
astonishment  of  .Major  Anderson,  a  masked  battery 
of  heavy  columbiads,  of  the  existence  of  which  he 
had  uot  the  slightest  intimation,  opened  lire  iron; 


LNTEB1UR    VIEW    lib    fOUT 


MODLTH1E  AS   ENGAGED   IN   THE  BOMBAHUMEXT  AGAINST   FORT   SfMTEii 


THH    SOLDIBB    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CIVIL     WAR. 


39 


tru"t  part  of  Sullivan's  IbIoCj  aeur  \jx  looting  bat- 
tery. It  was  covered  with  bruab  and  other  mate- 
rial,  which  completely  concealed  it.  It  was  skill- 
fully constructed  and  well  secured.  Seventeen 
mortars.  Bring  ten -inch  shell,  and  thirty -three 
Heavy  puna,  mostly  eolumbiads,  were  engaged  in 
the  assault.  The  effect  of  tho  shot  against  the 
wuIIb  was  lerrillc,  and  many  of  tho  shells  took 
effect  inside  tho  fort. 

Breakfast  was  had  at  half-past  sis  o'clock,  lei- 
surely and  calmly,  after  which  the  command  was 
formed  into  three  reliefs,  equally  dividing  the 
officers  and  men.  The  first  relief  was  under  the 
command  of  Captain  Donbleday,  of  tho  artillery, 
and  Lieutenant  Snyder,  of  tho  engineer,  corps. 
This  detatclimcnt  went  to  tho  guns,  and  opened 
tiro  upon  tho  (Jamming's  Point  Battery,  Fort  Moul- 
trie, and  Sullivan's  Island.  Tho  iron  battery  was 
of  immense  strength,  and  most  of  tho  shot  struck 
and  glanced  off  again  ;  tho  fire  was  eo  terrific  on  tho 
parapet  of  Fort  Sumter  that  Major  Anderson  re- 
fused to  allow  the  guns  to  he  manned.  Had  it  beer, 
permitted,  every  one  would  have  boon  sacrificed. 
Fort  Moultrie  was  considerably  damaged  by  the  can- 
nonading f; ;ai  Fort  Sumtor,  many  of  tho  shot  hav- 
ing taken  effect  on  the  embrasures.  Sovornl  shot 
"track  tho  floating  battery,  hut  very  little  damage 
wn3  done.  The  reliefs  wore  changed  every  four 
hours.  The  little  garrison  succeeded  in  dismount- 
ing two  guns  oa  Cumming*s  Point  lhu- 
tory.  A  now  English  rilled-gun,  which 
was  employed  by  tho  insurgents,  was  fired 
iviih  great  accuracy,  several  of  tho  shot 
entering  tho  embrasures  of  Fort  Sumtor, 
one  of  thorn  slightly  wounding  four  men. 
Tho  foil  effect  of  tho  firing  could  not  bo 
known  to  those  in  the-  fort;  it  was  im- 
possible to  sec,  and  they  had  no  reports 
from  tho  other  side.  The  men  owed  their 
safety  to  tho  extraordinary  care  excr- 
I'ised  by  the  officers  m  command,  A  man 
was  kept  constantly  on  tho  lookout,  who 
would  cry  "  shot"  or  "shell  "  at  every  shot 
rbo  enemy  made,  thus  affording  tho  men 
ample  time  to  seek  shelter.  Tho  work- 
men were  at  first  rather  reluctant  to  assist 
tho  soldiers  in  working  tho  gnus,  but  they 
gradually  took  hold,  and  rendered  valu- 
able assistance.  But  few  shots  wore  fired 
before  every  one  of  them  became  desper- 
ately engaged  in  the  conflict.  One  gun 
had  to  ba  abandoned  on  account  of  the  *T  Tni 
close  firo  made  upon  it.  Hearing  tho  firing 
renewed,  Major  Anderson  went  to  tlio  spot,  and 
found  a  party  of  workmen  engaged  in  serving 
the  gnu  ;  one  of  these  was  seen  stooping  over  it, 
with  his  hands  on  h;s  knees,  convulsed  with  joy. 
"What  are  you  doing  hero  with  that  gun  ':"  was 
asked. - "flit  it  right  in  tho  centre  1"  was  the 
reply;  tho  man  meaning  that  his  shot  had  taken 
effect,  in  tho  centre  of  tho  floating  battery. 

Peter  Hurt  had  been  a  most  valuable  assistant  to 
Major  Anderson  and  his  little  garrison,  acting  in 
the  capacity  of  confidential  mail  ageut  and  market- 
man  before  the  actual  siego  began ;  and  it  was  now 
found  that  Mrs.  Anderson,  in  her  cstimuto  of  this 
man's  ability  to  aid  and  comfort  her  husband,  had 
not  been  mistaken  ;  fur,  since  the  day  she  gained  for 
him  admission  in  the  fort,  he,  while  keeping  faith- 
fully tho  promiso  exacted  from  Major  Anderson  by 
Governor  Pickens  "that  ho  should  not  be  enrolled 
as  a  soldier,"  had  dono  such  other  service  ba  no  en- 
listed man  or  ofheor  could  have  performed.  During 
the  bombardmont  he  had  successfully  fought  the 
tires  constantly  breaking  out  inside  tho  fort  from 
the  hot  shot  of  tho  besiegers'  guns,  until  on  the 
second  day  the  barracks  caught  firo  from  a  ten-iuch 
shell,  and  tho  danger  to  be  encountered  in  tho  at- 
tempt to  eatauguish  it  was  so  great  that  Major 
Anderson  ordered  him  not  to  attempt  it. 

The  effect  of  the  fire  was  inoro  disastrous  than 
could  have  been  supposed.  The  subsequent  shots 
if  the  insurgents  were  more  effective  in  conse- 
,1101100;  the  walls  wore  weakened,  and  tho  men 
•*ero  more  exposed,  Tho  main  gates  wore  de- 
turoved  by  fire,  thus  leaving  the  garrison  exposed 
from  outside  to  assault.  Five  hundred  men  could 
lave  formed  on  the  gorge,  and  marched  into  the  fort 
without  meeting  much  opposition.  The  firo  spread 
around  the  fort  on  all  sides.  Fearful  that  the  walls 
if  the  magazine  might  crack,  and  tVe  shells  pierce 
"nd    prostnto  them,  tho  powder    was    token  out 


before  the  tire  bad  fully  enveloped  it;    ninety -sia  T.    -.^   "*   of  crawling   througn    on,    uabnuun, 

barrels  of  powder  were  taken  out  and  thrown  mto  Lieutenant  bnydor  called  out  to  him,  "  Major  An- 

the  sea,  leaving  two  hundred   barrels  still  in  the  derson  is  at  tho  main  gate."     He  passed  through 

fort.    Owing  to  a  lock  of  cartridges.  Eve  men  were  the  embrasure  in  tha  casemate,  paving  no  attcn 

kept  inside  the  magazine,  sewing  them  up  as  they  tion  to  what  tho  lieutenant  had  said."    Here  he  was 

were   wanted  ;    thus    consuming    sheets,   blankets,  met   by    Captain    Foster,   LioutenaiiLi  Meado   and 

shirts  of  tho  meu,  and  all  available  material  in  the  Davis.     Ho  said : 

fort.     When  the  magazine  had  finally  to  be  closed,  "I  wish  to  see  Major  Anderson;  I  nm  General 

and  the  material  for  cartridges  was  exhausted,  tho  Wigfall,  and  come  from  General  Beauregard."  He 

garrison  was  left  destitute  of  any  means  to  con-  then  added,  in  nn  excited  manner:    -Let  us  stop 

tinuo  the  contest;  the  last  biscuit  had  heen  eaten  this  fighting;  j  ju   ore  on    fire,  and  your  (lag  is 

thirty-six  hours  before.     Thb   dense  smoke  from  down.     Lot  us  quit." 

the  burning  buildings  was  stifling;  the  men  lay  "No,  sir,"  Lieutenant  Davis  replied,  "our  flat- 
prostrate  on  tho  ground,  with  wet  handkerchiefs  is  not  down.  Stop  out  hero,  and  you  will  see  it 
over  their  months  ond  eyes,  gasping  for  breath,  waving  ovor  the  ramparts." 

It  was  a  moment  of  imminent  peril.  If  an  eddy  of  "Lot  us  quit  this,"  said  Wigfall,  "Hero's  n 
wind  had  not  ensued,  all  the  men,  probably,  would  white  flag;  will  anybody  wave  it  out  of  tho  em- 
have  been  suffocated.     The  crashing  of  the  shot,  braanre  P" 

the  bursting  of  the  shells,  the  falling  of  tho  walls,  "That  is  for  yon  to  do,  if  yon  ■:hooso,"  one  of 

and  tho  roar  of  tho  flames,  made  u  paudeiiiouinm  of  the  officers  replied, 

tho  fort.  "  If  thoro  is  no  one  olso  to  do  it,"  Wigfall  ro- 

Tho  aim  of  tho  insurgents  had  bean  principally  sponded,  "I  will."    And,  jumping  into   the  em- 
directed  at  tho  flagstaff,  from  which  waved  proudly  brasuro,  ha  wared  the  Dag  toward  Moultrie  and  tho 
the  Stars  and  Stripes.     After  two  days'  incessant  batteries  on  Sullivan's  Island, 
firing,  the  flagstaff  was  finally  shot  away.  In    answer  to  his  ropeatcd   request,  one  of  tho 

This  was  noticed  only  by  the  besiegers,  and  mis-  officers  said  that  one  of  his  mon  might  hold  the 
taken  us  a  sign  of  surrender.  No  ono  in  the  fort  flag,  and  Corporal  Binghurst  jumped  into  tho  em- 
had  looked  for,  and  missed,  the  Stars  and  Stripes,  brasuro.  The  shot  continuing  to  strike  all  around 
and,  heeding  not  the    tire    or  the  shots  of    tho  bim,  he  leaped   down    again,  after    'laving  waved 

tho  flag  a  fow  moments,  and  said  :   "Thov 


don't   respect  thu  flag  ;    thoy  are  firing  at 


B  EQUESTRIAN  STATUE  O 

'JIIS'-NO  MELTING  "  IN   UNION  SQO.V11E,  ATHU.  2QTU,  1801. 


"If  yon  will  show  a  white  flng  from 
your  ramparts,  they  will  cease  firing." 
Wigfali  then  said. 

"If  you  request  that  a  flag  shall  ho 
shown  there,  while  yon  hold  a  conference 
with  Major  Anderson,  and  for  that  pur- 
pose, it  may  bo  doue,"  Lieu  tenant  Davis 
replied. 

At  this  pnint  Major  Anderson  camo  Tip 
Wigfall  said : 

"I  am  General  Wigfull,  and  como  from 
General  Beauregard,  who  wishes  to  stop 
this." 

Major  Anderson,  then  rising  to  his  full 
height,  replied,  "Well,  sir  1" 

"Major  Anderson,"  exclaimed  Wigfall, 
"  you  have  defended  your  (lag  nobly,  sir. 
You  have  dono  all  that,  it  is  possible  for 
men  to  do,  and  General  Beauregard  wishes 
to  stop  tho  fight.    On  what  terms  will  you 
evacuate  this  fortP" 
enemy,  Peter  Hatt  gathered   up  the  banner,  and        Mai  ir  Anderson's  reply  was:    "General  Deaure- 
nailmg  it  to  a  temporary  staff,  nailed  this  staff  to    gard  is  already  acquainted  with  my  only  terms." 
the    highest    part    of    the    remaining  ruins;    and        "Do  I  understand  that  you  will  evacuate  upon 
when  the  hesiogers  soon  after  sought  an  interview    the  terms  proposed  the  other  day?" 
with    Major  Anderson,  they  found  "tho  flag  was        "Yes,  sir;  and  on  thoso  conditions  only." 
still  thero."  "  Then  sir,"  said  Wigfall,  "  1  understand,  Jiajor 

Roman,  in  his  lato  book,  "The  Military  Opera-  Anderson,  that  the  fort  is  to  be  ours  P" 
tions  of  General  Beauregard  "  (Harper  &,  lirotliors,  "  On  thoso  conditions  only,  I  repeat." 
1SS4),  describes  this  scene  in  these  words:  "Very  well."  said  Wigfall  ;  and  ho  retired. 

A  short  timo  afterward,  a  deputation  consisting 
of  Senator  Ubestnut,  Roger  A.  Pryor,  Captain  Lee, 
y  rrae  in  [lie  1U"^  W*  Porchor  Miles,  camo  from  General  Bcuilre- 
air,  nnd  it  1W0  lienmio  apparent  that  the  hirniol;*  of  the  fnrt  gard,  and  had  an  interview  with  Major  Anderson, 
had  brea  aX  on  flroliy  forty  rounds  of  red-hot  sliot  thrown  when  it  camo  out  that  Wigfall  had  uo  authority  to 
from  an  dghMmfc  whimuind  al  Port  Moultrie,  by  a  dcineh-  apenk  for  General  Beauregard,  but  acted  on  '  his 
moat  of  romp.uiv  B.  un.br  UiUnvint  Alfn.l  Rhetl      Tins     olm  ,"  ,;|ljm       "Theu/'said  Lieutenant  Davis, 

-i-til  irn-ri-;!"..l  tho  vi-nrnt  <,nr  ndii.k.  l,.rli  olTk.T.  and  :neo      "  ,    l  ',        .,..,".         ,      , 

feeling  now  that  tha  garrtwn  would  soon  bo  brought  to  terms.  ,vo  ,mvo  uoon  deceived.  And  Major  Anderson, 
In  spile,  however,  of  tela  now  ond  terrible  element  against  perceiving  the  state  of  tho  case,  ordered  tho  na- 
whlch  it  hud  to  rnntend,  the  fort  olitl  responded  to  the  fire  of     lional   flag   to  be  raised   to  its  place. 


A.  Jf.,  in  llio  thickest  nf  the  linm- 
.-i  oWrvcil  f-nrtini;  up  from  Fort 
"dily  r       " 


baUcrits,  llin.iyh  ul  Inntr  anil  irr.'jnilur  intervals  only 
'  Appreciating  the  critical  position  of  tho  enemy,  and 
carried  awiiyhy  Ibdr  own  enthusiasm,  our  troop*  monukd 
(he  parapets  In  their  front,  nnd  cheered  Major  Aiulcniin  iu 
each  sacossivo  dfKhargu  thai  camo  from  the  fort,  deriit 
in;;  nnd  limiting  thu  while,  wlinl  to  them  seemed  the  lunor 
ons  Inaction  of  the  fleet  ottfeide  the  bar. 

"  MatleiH  bud  evidently  ran  bed  :i  eri-;-  [or  tho  nr-n  within 
the  walls  of  Sumter.  Fi-aritij;  lliut  tome  Urn1  ..,1  maty 
might  befall  (In  a>.  -nd  1.  ,.,■:  jr,r..rtt.L-l  ll.nl  Ihe  I  idler1  Slnltt 


but  declined  lo  accept  aid.  Before  General  Bcun-gunl's 
aids  could  gel  to  the  fort.  Die  United  Sinks  n*s,  which  had 
not  been  hauled  nnwn,  ns  wc  supposed,  but  ijid  fnllen  from 
the  effects  of  a  shot,  wo*  hoincd  tuew.' 

Early  in  tho  afternoon  of  the  13th,  ox-Senator 
Wigfall.  of  Texas,  made  lihj  uppearamio  at  one  of 


asked  to  gee  M> 


Tho  deputation,  however,  requested  him  to  keep 
the  flag  down  until  they  could  communicate  with 
tlonera)  Beauregard,  as  mutters  were  liable  to  be- 
come complicated.  They  left,  and  between  two 
and  three  hours  afterward - tho  garrison  meanwhile 
exerting  themselves  to  extinguish  the  fire  in  the 
barracks - another  doputation  came  from  General 
Beauregard,  agreeing  to  the  terms  of  cvactu.lion 
previously  proposed.  This  waa  on  Saturday  even- 
ing. That  night  the  garrison  took  what  rest  they 
coulo,  Next  day,  tho  Isabel  came  down  and  an- 
chored near  the  fort.  The  steamer  Clinch  was  need 
as  a  transport  to  take  tho  garrison  to  the  Itehrl, 
but  the  transfer  was  too  late  to  allow  the  Iwlnl  to 
go  out  with  that  tide. 

The  terms  cf  the  evacuation  wore,  that  the  gar- 
rison should  take  their  it  dividual  and  eompanj 
property,  and  that  hoy  should  march  ont  with 
their  side  and  other  anna,  with  the  hor-ors  of  war. 
in  their  own  war  and  at  their  own  trine,  and  thu* 


40 


THE    SOLDIER     JN     OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


they  should  salute  their  flag,  and  take  it  with  Here  Captain  Anderson  was  severely  wounded,  and  where  ne  armeu  on  the  18th  01  April.  He  wa? 
(Iiem  here  he  won,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct,  received  with  the  utmost  enthusiasm,  and  on  the 
The  insurgents  agreed  to  furnish  transports,  as  his  brevet  as  major,  bearing  date  September  6th,  23d  waa  officially  welcomed  by  the  corporation. 
Major  Anderson  might  select,  to  nny  part  of  the  1S47 ;  a  title  which  is  so  honorably  linked  with  his  when  the  Mayor,  Fernando  Wood,  presented  him 
country,  either  by  hind  or  water.  When  the  bag-  mime  and  national  renown.  with  the  freedom  of  tho  city  in  a  golden  casket  ■ 
gage  of  tho  garrison  was  all  on  hoard  tho  transport,  The  condnct  of  Captain  Anderson  at  El  Molino  after  which  ho  received  tho  citizens  at  largo  in  the 
a  portion  of  the  soldiers  remaining  inside,  under  del  Rey  is  most  favorably  chronicled  in  the  reports  Governor's  Room  of  the  City  Hall. 
arms,  were  told  off  as  gunners  to  serve  in  saluting  of  the  day.  General  Garland,  in  his  dispatch,  eays :  By  order  of  the  President,  the  Secretary  of  War 
the  Amorieau  flag.  ■'Captain  Robert  Anderson  (acting  field-officer)  officially  conveyed  to  Major  Anderson  the  approba- 
When  the  last  gun  was  fired,  the  flag  was  lowered  behaved  with  great  heroism  on  this  occasion.  Even  tion  of  the  Government;  and,  on  repairing  to 
amid  the  cheering  of  the  men.  At  the  fiftieth  after  receiving  n  severe  and  painful  wound,  he  con-  Washington,  he  received  in  person  a  flattering 
discharge  there  was  a  premature  explosion,  which  tinued  at   the   head  of  the  column,  regardless  of  acknowledgment  of  his  services,   and  the  offer  of 


killed  one  man  instantly,  seriously 
wounded  nnothor,  and  two  more 
not  so  badly.  The  men  were 
then  formed  and  marched  out,  the 
band  playing  "Yankee  Doodle'" 
and  "Hail  to  the  Chief." 

ROBERT  ANDERSON, 

THE    DEFENDER   OF    FORT    SUMTER, 

Robert    Anderson   was    born 
June    14th,   1805,    in    Kentucky. 

Entering  the  Military  Academy 
at  West  Point,  as  a  cadet,  in  1821, 
he  graduated  July  1st,  1825  ;  was 
breveted  second  lieutenant  of  tho 
Second  Artillery,  and  was  almost 
immediately  transferred  to  the 
Third  Artillery.  Steadily  follow- 
ing his  profession,  he  served  as 
acting  inspector -general  of  the 
Illinois  Volunteers  in  tho  Black 
Hawk  War,  from  May  to  October, 
1832.  In  this  connection,  it  is  a 
striking  coincidence  that  Abraham 
Lincoln  and  Jefferson  Davis  also 
served  in  that  war.  Abraham 
Lincoln  was  the  captain  of  tho 
Illinois  Volunteers,  of  which  An- 
derson was  inspector- general ;  and 
Jefferson  Davis,  a  second  lieu- 
tenant in  the  regular  army,  won 
his  first  "spurs"  at  that  period, 
having  been  detailed  on  special 
duties  of  an  important  character. 
Who  could  havo  foretold  then 
that  these  three  men  would  have 
been  so  peculiarly  linked  together, 
in  tho  most  important  era  of  Ame- 
rican history  since  the  Declaration 
of  Independence  ?  that  Anderson 
would  in  the  future  occupy  so  im- 
portant and  trying  a  position  be- 
tween the  sectional  allurements  on 
the  one  side,  and  the  national 
duties  on  the  other,  represented 
respectively  by  Davis  and  Lincoln? 
Anderson  was  promoted  to  a 
first  lieutenancy,  June,  1833;  was 
assistant-instructor  of  artillery  in 
the  Military  Academy  at  West 
Point  from  September  to  Decem- 
ber, 1835,  when  ho  was  appointed 
instructor - in  which  position  ho 
remained  until  December,  1S37. 
Lieutenant  Anderson  served  as 
aide-de-camp  to  General  Scott  in 
1838,  and  on  tho  2d  of  April  of 
that  year  was  breveted  captain  for 
gallant  and  successful  conduct  in 
the  war  against  tho  Florida  In- 
dians; his  next  service  was  assist- 
ant adjutant -general,  with  tho 
rank  of   captain,  from  July  7th, 

1833,  which  office  he  relinquished  in  November,  pain  and  self-preservation,  and  sotting  a  hand- 
1841,  having  been  appointed  captain  in  his  own  somo  example  to  his  men,  of  coolness,  energy  and 
regiment  in  tho  October  previous.  courage."     Tho  effect  of  tho  heavy  batteries  which 

Captain  Anderson  served  with  conspicuous  dis-    he  directed  at  Chapultepcc  also  commands  the  en- 
tinction  throughout  tho  Mexican  War.     From  the    comium  of  General  Scott  in  his  dispatches, 
siege  of  Vera   Cruz,   under  General  Scott,  to   the        In  1800    Major  Anderson  was  appointed  to  tho 
occupation  of  the  capital  of  Mexico,  he  was  noted    command  of  tho  forts  in  Charleston  Harbor,  and 
for    his    calmness    and    efficiency    as    an    artillery    ho  took  possession  of  Fort  Sumter  on  tho  night  of 
officer.     At  Vera  Cruz,  tho  battery  under  his  com-    December  25th,  I860.     The   strategic  courso  pur- 
mand  was  unerring   in    its   precision.     El  Molino    sued  by  Major  Andorson  won   the  immediate  ap- 
ilel  Rey  was,  as  one  of  tho  historians  of  the  Mox-    planso  of  tho   country,  and   commanded  even  the 
'can  War  says,  "proportionally  the  bloodiest  battle    respect  of  the  secessionists.     After  the  bombard^ 
.if  tho  war,  long  to  bo  remembered  as  tho  scene  of    mont  of  Fort   Sumter,   on 
'.uraordlr.ary  actions,  and  long  grieved  over  as  that     April,  and  its  evacuation  i 
thich  made  the  craves  of  brave  and  nob'a  men."    derson  with    his   command   sailed  for   New  York 


ROBERT   ANDERSON. 


l  lengthened  furlough  to  recruit 
nia  health,  considerably  shattered 
oy  a  long  confinement  in  Fort 
Snmtor,  under  a  load  of  responsi- 
bilities. Breveted  major-general, 
April  13th,  1861,  he  commanded 
the  departments  of  Kentucky  and 
of  the  Cumberland ;  and  retired 
from  active  service  October  27th, 
1863.  While  endeavoring  to  seek 
a  restoration  to  health  abroad,  he 
died.  October  26th,  1871,  at  Nice, 
France,  aged  sixty-six.  He  trans- 
lated "Instructions  for  Fiold  Ar- 
tillery, Horse  and  Foot,"  and 
"Evolutions  of  Fiold  Batteries." 


CORRESPONDENCE. 
Hkidquarthrb  Provisional  Akhv 


-A., 


:) 


CnAHMiKTON,  S.  C,  April  11th- 

7"  ibij-r  H'Jvrt  Anilrr.-m,  Gimtutiiuling 

at   Furl  Sumter,    Gftaricttm    Harbor, 

South  Carolina. 
Sra:  The  Government  of  the  Con- 
federate Slates  linn  hitherto  forborne 
from  nay  Hostile  demunMmlioa  ogninst 
Fort  Slimier,  in  tho  hope  that  the  Gov- 
ernment of  the  United  Stales,  with  n 
view  to  the  amicable.  adjustment  of  all 


It  be  tuTordnl 


fort,  and  t< 
which  I  rce 

for  the  foir, 

high  compliment   paid 

fully,  your  obedient  Kl 


tumid,  liiL-vdirr  u  ill i  1 1 'Tn| '.hi v  arms  and 
properly,  and  all  private  property,  to  nny 
port  in  Nil*  United  Stall-*  wliitli  yea  may 
select.  The  (lug  which  you  liavo  upheld 
so  lone;,  nud  with  so  much  fortitude,  may 
be  saluted  by  you  on  taking  it  down. 
Colonel  Chestnut  and  Captain  Lee  will, 
for  a  rciuuumhlt'  lime,  await  your  answer, 
lam,  sir,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient 
servant, 

P.  G.  T.  Bkauheoard, 

Brigadier-general  Commanding 
HkAUQUARTKHS   FnllT   StrUTF.R,  8.  C,  I 

April  11th,  1801.  ( 

7b  Bn.jtulier-gnwral  P.  O.  T.  Jkiiu regard, 
Qammait'liiig  I'mruitwil  Ann;/,  C.8.A. 
General  :  I  have  the  honor  to  ac- 
knowledge the  receipt  of  your  communi- 
cation deinamlitiii  Hie  evacuation  of  this 
in  reply  thereto  that  it  Li  a  demand  with 
nit  my  si' use  of  honor,  and  ■>[  my  nt'li^iti'm 
.■at.  prevent  my  compliance.  Thanking y oil 
ly  and  courteous  terms  prupuvii.  and  for  tin 
I  rcmuia,  general,  very  respect 


Rout]  it  An  DERSON, 
iTajur  Unittd  Btdtet  Army,  Caramandinf 

FTnAnqrARTfiBfl  PbovtHOICAI,  A.hmt,  O.  S.  A. ,  ( 
Ciuiu.ksto.h-,  S.  C,  April  111b,  l&Ol-li  r.u.  f 
7b  Major  Robert  Audemtn,    Commanding   at  Fort  Sumter. 
Charlatan  Harbor,  8.  0. 
,        Major:  In  consequence  of  tho  verbal   observations  mnnV 
the  12th  and  13th    of    ^  yo(]  (n  mv  n|r,s  Mefflrs_  chestnut  and  Lee,  In  relation  to 
r   the  14th,   Major  An-     the  condition  of  your  rupplfra,  and  that  you  would,  m  a  fun 
daVB.  bo  starved  out.  If  our  puns  did  not  hotter  vou  to  nieces 


'I  HE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CI  I'll,     WAR. 


41 


jr  wuois  to  tout  effect,  and  desiring  no  useless  effusion  of 
Mow],  I  communicated  liuth  He  verbal  observation  and  your 

written  nnswer  10  my  communication  to  my  Government.  It 
you  will  stale  flu:  time  you  will  evn.:uaK-  Fort  Suciicr,  and 
ugree.  in  the  nwnnlunc,  yon  will  not  me  your  guns  u^in?l 
oh.  uniiss  ours  shall  be  i-mplnyeil  against  Fort  Sumter,  wc 
bIiuII  alwlain  item  opening  (In-  upon  you.  Colonel  Chestnut 
anil  Captain  Lee  are  authorized  by  uie  to  enter  into  each 
DU  nBTtwmPDt  with  you.  You  are,  therefore,  requested,  to 
communicate  to  thorn  an  open  answer.  I  remain,  Major, 
very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

P.  G.  T.  BeMTIMWAKD, 

BrigaiW.r--jint.ral,  Cunuu/fiimg. 

llEAOquARTERS   FonT   StTHTEn,  1 

South  Caiwlika,  \ 

3:30  a.m.,  April  12th.  1881.     ) 
T-i  Brigadier-general  P.  0.  T.  Deary 

ra/arJ,  Gnamnmiinfi  PretUiontK 

Army,  0.8.  A. 

Geneual  :  I  have  the  honor  to 
acknowledge  Hie   receipt   of  your 
second  eommunkation  of  Hie  11th 
inslunt   by  Colonel  Chestnut,   and 
to   state   in    reply  that,   cordially 
uniting;  with  you   in  the  de-ire  to 
avoid  the  useless  effusion  of  lilood. 
I  Trill,  if    provided   with    the  no- 
Cetsaiy    means   of   transportation, 
evacuate  Fort  Su.nlcr  by 
the  lljtli  instant,  should  I  not  re- 
celve.  prior  to  that   lime,  control- 
ling inMrudions  from  my  Gi 
uiciit,  or  additional   supplies 
that   I  will 
open  my  fii 
lews  compel 

soma  i".rti. 
[lerpetmtion 


April  12 
Shijor  Ibbei 

Sat :  By  in 
general   Bean 

Hie  provision; 


16th,  1847,  for  "gallant  and  meritorious  conduct 
at  the  battle  of  Chapultepec,"  in  which  ho  was 
twice  wounded.  General  Tot  leu,  chief  of  the 
engineer  department,  added  to  the  foregoing  gen- 
eral orders  :  "  It  affords  the  department  high  satis- 
faction to  communicate  to  you  the  well-earned 
record  of  your  efforts  on  the  fields  of  Mexico." 

A  lull  in  military  affairs  followed  the  close  of  tho 
Mexican  War,  and  Major  Beauregard  expressed  n 
purpose  to  leave  the  service.  General  Scott  and 
General  Persifer  !■'.  Smith  each  wrote  to  Beauregard 


iiniify  ; 


P.  G.  T.  BEAUREGARD, 

THE  uESIEGEIl  OF  F011T 
SUMTER. 

Pierre  Gustaye  Tou- 
tant  Beauregard,  whoso 
name  is  so  widely  known  us 
the  commander  of  the  troops 
of  the  Confederate  States" 
in  Charleston,  S.  0.,  was, 
previous  to  the  resigning  of 
his  commission,  a  distin- 
guished officer  of  engineers 
in  tho  United  States  service, 
in  that  capacity  won  tho 
esteem  of  his  superior  officers  on  more  than  one 
occasion. 

oneral  Beauregard  was  horn  in  tho  Parish  of  St. 
Bernard,  near  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  in  the  State 
of  Louisiana,  on  the  38th  of  May,  1818.  He  entered 
tho  United  States  Military  Academy  at  West  Point, 
s  cadet,  in  1834.  Of  Welsh  and  French  stock,  ho 
early  displayed  thoso  qualities  which  are  strikingly 
characteristic  of  the  Celtic  and  Gallic  military 
minds.  Young  Beauregard  graduated  second  in  a 
class  of  forty-five,  and  on  July  7th.  1S38,  he  wus 
appointed  second  lieutenant  in  tho  United  States 
Engineers. 

Lieutenant  Beauregard  was  highly  distinguished 
n  the  Mexican  War.  He  was  breveted  captain. 
August  20th,  1847,  "for  gallant  and  meritorious 
conduct  at  the  battles  of  Confronts  and  Chnrn- 
jniBQor"  and  won  biB  brevet  as  major,  September 


P.  G.  T.  rtEAUREiiAHH. 


to  dissuade  him,  paying  handsome  tribute  to  his 
skill  and  gallantry,  and  the  loss  his  resignation 
wonld  bo  to  the  army  and  the  country.  He  remained 
in  the  service  in  charge  of  ■•the  Mississippi  and 
Lake  defenses  of  Louisiana." 

On  tho  8th  of  November,  18(10,  he  was  appointed 
superintendent  of  tho  United  States  Military 
Academy  at  West  Point  by  direction  of  the  Presi- 
dent. Major  Beauregard,  late  in  December,  18H0, 
when  en  route  for  West  Point,  reported  to  General 
Totton  at  the  Wnr  Department,  Washington,  and 
avowed  his  intention,  should  Louisiana  secede  from 
tho  Union,  to  resign  his  commission  and  go  with 
his  State.  He  also  called  on  General  Scott  to 
express  this  determination  to  resign,  but  failed  to 
find  him  in  Washington.  He  then  stopped  in  New 
York  city.  Several  army  friends,  Captain  Mansfield 
Loyal]  and  Captain  G.  W   Smith,  approved  of  his 


proposed  coarse,  and  declared  thai,  were  they  simi- 
larly situated,  they  would  act  in  the  same  manner. 
Major  Beauregard  had  been  but  a  few  days  in 
command  at  West  Point,  when  the  new  Secretary  of 
War,  Mr.  Holt,  revoked  tho  order  appointing  him, 
and  ordered  him  to  return  to  his  former  station  at 
New  Orleans.     On   his  return  ho  passed  through 
New  York,  and  there  was  informed  of  the  secession 
of  his  State,  and  requested  to  immediately  rotarn. 
On   reaching  tho  dock  to  take   pttssngo  for  Now 
Orleans,  he  witre&sed  the  arrival  of  tho  Star  of  the 
Wesl    from    off    Charleston, 
with  shot-holes    in   her    hull 
and    smokestacks.     Ho   went 
on  board,  and  was  entcrlained 
by   her    commander   with     a 
graphic   account  of   his   ex- 
periences    in    Charleston 
Harbor. 

On  reaching  Now  Orleans, 
Governor  Mooro  requested 
him  to  take  charge  of  tho 
defenses  of  tho  city,  but  de- 
clined until  he  had  formally 
resigned  his  commission  in 
tho  United  States  Army. 
This  he  did  tho  same  day, 
-^  and   joined  as  a  private   tho 

battalion  of  Now  Orleans 
Guards,  composed  of  tho  elite 
of  tho  Crcolo  population  of 
Now  Orleans. 

Major  Beauregard  advised 
the  Military  Board  to  arm 
Forts  Jackson  and  St.  Philip 
with  tho  heaviest  guns  pro- 
curable, and  transfer  all  the 
heavy  guns  from  the  four 
inferior  works  -  concentrat- 
ing the  whole  armament  and 
force  within  the  two  forts. 
Ho  also  drew  plans  and  made 
estimates  far  two  river  ob- 
structions, consisting  of 
heavy  booms  and  river  llut- 
boats,  with  chains,  ropes,  etc., 
to  bo  worked  from  the  shore, 
and  raised  or  lowered  at  will, 
to  allow  free  passage  of 
friendly,  and  fully  prevent 
the  passage  of  tho  enemy's, 
boats.  Had  these  plans  been 
adopted  the  Federal  flotilla, 
in  April,  1802,  would  have 
found  more  difficulty  in  run- 
ning the  gantlnt  of  tho 
forts,  and  New  Orleans  would 
not  have  been  so  easily  cap- 
tured ;  but  a  Military  Board 
did  not  approve  of  the  plan. 
Beauregard  was  summoned 
to  Montgomery  on  the  'l'i<\ 
of  February,  I8C1,  by  L.  P. 
Walker,  Sccrc- 
tary  of  iVur,  by 
request  of  President  Davis. 
He  arrived  at  the  Confederate 
Capitol  on  the  26th,  and  tho 
same  day  suggested  such  u 
system  of  heads  of  bureaus  in 
the  War  Department  as  would 
relieve  tho  Secretary  of  detail 
work,  and  suggested  friends 
in  the  old  service  competent  to  take  charge  of  tho 
several  departments.  Among  these  wore  Captains 
G.  W.  Smith  and  Mansfield  Lovell,  of  Now  York, 
who  accepted  the  positions,  and  arrived  in  Mont- 
gomery after  the  battle  of  Hull  Run. 

President  Davis  appointed  Beauregard  to  take 
command  at  Charleston  and  to  direct  operations 
against  Fort  Sumter,  and  commissioned  him  first 
Brigadier- general  in  the  provisional  army  of  the 
Confederate  States.  His  resignation  from  the 
United  States  Army  had  not  yet,  to  his  knowledge, 
been  accepted,  and  he  declined  to  take  up  arms 
against  the  United  States  Hag  nntil  officially  re- 
lieved from  his  fealty  to  it;  and  so  expressed  him- 
self to  President  Davis,  who  urged  his  acceptance  of 
the  position.  Telegraphic  communication  being  jet 
open  to  Washington,  he  was  informed  the  next  day 
of  the  acceptance  of  his  resignation  by  President 


4-2 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CIVIL     WAR. 


Uincii  1st,  1861. 


Buchanan,  and  he  repaired  .o  .;iiarlceion,  to  take 
command  of  the  State  troops,  snould  the  authori- 
ties of  Sou tli  Carolina  ao  desire.  Gov- 
ernor Pickens  proposed  to  put  General 
Beauregard  in  command  without  delay;  but  this 
olfer  was  declined  until  he  could  thoroughly  ac- 
quaint himself  with  the  forces,  various  batteries, 
available  resources  in  ordnance  and  progress  of  the 
works  already  begun. 

General  Beauregard's  farther  military  history  will 
be  fonnd  in  the  succeeding  pages  of  this  work,  in 
connection  with  the  battles  and  sieges  in  which  he 
    '"    tl,0'r    '"' 

hor,  privations  and  en- 
at  the  batteries,  and  at 
other  posts,  have  exhibited  tho  high- 
est characteristic  of  tried  soldiers." 

The  day  after  the  surrender  being 
lun day  a  Te  Deitm  was  sang,  with 
great  pomp,  in  tho  beautiful  Ca  lie- 
tral  of  St.  John  and  St.  Finbor,  and 
in  the  churches  devout  thanks  were 
offered  for  the  triumph  of  the  army 
of  Snntb  Carolina  and  the  bloodless 
victory  gained.  The  Right  Rev.  Tho- 
mas Frederick  Davis,  tho  venerable 
Bishop  of  the  Diocese,  who  was  to- 
tally blind  ami  quite  feeble,  was  led 
by  the  rector  to  the  eucrcd  desk  in 
the  old  and  historic  St.  Philip's  Epis- 
copal Chinch,  where  ho  addressed  tho 
congregation  with  a  fow  impressive 
and  stirring  words.  He  said  :  ■'Your 
boys  were  there,  and  mine  were  there, 
and  it  was  right  ihat  they  should  be 
there.  They  hud  laid  their  cause  be- 
fore God,  and  God  hail  most  signally 
blessed  their  dependence  on  him." 

In  less  than  three  weeks  the  Con- 
federates had  entirely  robnilt,  armed 
and  garrisoned  Fort  Sumter. 


DEMONSTRATIONS  ON  THE   BATTEUY  AT  CHARLESTON,  S.  O.,  DDBING   THE  BOMBARDMENT  OF   FORT  SUMTER. 


THE    SOLDIER     IN    OVR     CIVIL     WAR 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


45 


GULF      /  OF 

MEX    ICO 

A         flucrr 


THE   UNITED   STATES   NAVY    YARD,  PBNSACOLA   BAY,  FLA, -  SANTA    RU.SA    ISLAND,  AND   TUB   ODLP   AND    DAY    POUTS, 


PENSACOLA   HABEOH, 

'Fni:  harbor  of  Ponsacola  is  probably  the  largest 
il i nl  finest  on  iho  whole  coast  of  ilio  Mexican  Gulf, 
fur  which  reason  it  nits  sulci; ted  by  the  Government 
of  tho  United  States  as  its  principal  southern  nil  ml 
station.  It  accordingly  established  there  a  navy- 
yard,  an  arsenal,  and  a  marine  hospital,  and  built 
several  heavy  fortifications  for  its  defense. 

The  town  of  Pensacola,  previously  a  misnrablo 
settlement,  soon  became  of  Borne  importance,  and 
now  numbers  several  thousand  inhabitants,  chiefly 
workmen  in  the  employ  of  tho  Government,  or  de- 
pendent on  it.  Pensacolo  is  sixty-four  miles  to  tho 
rastward  of  Mobile,  and  ono  hundred  and  eighty 
from  Tallahassee,  Florida. 

On  the  opposite  side  of  tho  harbor  from  Fensa- 
eola  is  tho  Iong^  low  island  of  Santa  Kosa,  protect- 
ing it  from  tho  Gulf.  At  ita  extreme  western 
point,  and  completely  commanding  tho  entrance  to 


tho  harbor,  as  well  as  the  harbor  ilself,  is  Fort 
Pickens.  This  is  a  bastioned  work  of  tho  first 
class,  built  of  New  York  granite.  Its  walls  aro 
forty-five  feet  in  height,  by  twelve  in  thickness.  It 
is  embrasured  for  two  tiers  of  guns,  which,  aro 
placed  under  bomb-proof  casemates,  besides  having 
ono  tier  of  guns  en  barbette.  The  guns  from  the 
work  radiate  to  every  point  of  the  horizon,  with 
flank  and  enfilading  lire,  at  every  angle  of  approach. 
Tho  work  was  commenced  in  1S2S,  and  finished  in 
1833,  at  a  cost  of  nearly  ono  million  of  dollars. 
When  on  a  war  footing,  its  garrison  consists  of 
1,200  soldiers.  Tho  total  armamont  of  tho  work, 
when  complete,  consists  of  210  guns,  03  of  which 
are  iron  forty-  two  -  pounders,  17  thirty -two- 
ponndors,  49  twenty-  four  -pounders,  5  eighteeus, 
13  twelves,  G  brass  field  pieces,  2G  brass  flank 
howitzers,  1  thirteen-inch  mortar,  4  heavy  ten- 
inch  mortars,  4  light  oight-inoh  mortars,  4  aiiteev 
inch  stone-mortars,  5  Coliorn  mortars. 


President  Buchanan,  fearing  to  irritaUi  the 
Southern  Members  of  Congress,  and  desiring  to 
find  some  peaceable  solution  to  the  question  agita- 
ting the  two  sections,  delayed  reinforcing  the  forta. 
Learning  that  the  State  troops  had  seized  the  Navy 
Yard  and  Forra  Barrancas  and  MIEae,  and  threat- 
ened Fort  Pickens,  he  oonannted  to  dispatch  the 
war  -  steamer  lircokiyu  wit  provisions,  military 
stores  and  ninety  artillerymen  from  Fortress  Mon- 
roe, to  tho  relief  of  Pickens. 

There  wore  at  this  time  three  or  four  small 
steamers  under  Captain  J,  H.  Ward, 

Hu,  is*,  rj^.if^  thon  in  the  ooflst  Surrey 
service,  which  Captain  Vogdes  was  nleo  to  employ. 
Under  a  promise  from  Senator  Mallory,  of  Florida, 
that  no  attack  would  bo  made  on  Fort  Pickens,  tho 
commander  of  the  relief  squadron  was  ordered  by 
joint  telegram  from  tho  War  and  Navy-  Department) 
not  to  land  any  troops  at  tho  fort  unless  it  shnnld 
be  attacked.     By  this  arrangement  the  garrison  in 


__ _j^M£z  _     IB  t  I  L-*.Vs  VT  n  0   n    n  n  "n"p    fs  1     i  0  H  '  *r*i*\       ___  


TOBT   PIDCEjre,  ON   SANTA   ROSa    ISLAND,  PENSAtOLA    BAY,  FLA 


Kntninrc  1,1  [|:lr!Wr 


BELIEF    OF    FOUT    PICKENS,  SANTA    KOSA    ISLAND,  PENSACOLA  I 


castle  pmckney.  (? 


"i""*'1'  FMlSIe&ffi.  KnlmncL-lo  Harbor  v    .  p-  l. 

""*■  F<,"  PWura.      Encampment  nt  Cimi("1it.iI(s.    LtjQlh(._ 

BELIEF    OF   FOF.T   PICKENS,  SANTA    ROSA    ISLAND,   PENSACOLA  B&,  FLA,  BY    THE    UNITED    STATES    FLEET    API 


',    APRIL     17ra,    1S81. 


OASTLB    PINCKNET.    CHARLESTON    HARBOR,    &  C 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


Fort  Pickens  were  left  without  reinforcements, 
while  they  saw  tbeir  abandoned  forts  on  shore 
being  strengthened  and  strongly  garrisoned  by  the 
Statu  troops. 

THE   DEFENSE   OF  FORT  PICKENS. 

WHKK  Florida  seceded,  Governor  Perry  decided 
to  seize  this  fort,  and  issued  orders  for  its  imme- 
diate possession  by  the  State  troops.  Lie  n  ton  nut 
A.  J.  Slemmer,  the  commander  of  the  fort,  hull 
heard  of  this  intention  on  the  part  of  the  Governi.r 
curly  in  January,  and  soon  after,  when  lie  learned 
that  the  Forts  near  Mobile  had  been  Blirreuderi'il  tu 
Alabnna  tronps,  he  took  immediate  measures  tu 
save  to  his  Government  those  under  his  commune!, 
if  possible. 

The  Navy  Yard  was  in  charge  of  Commodore 
Armstrong,  an  old  captain  of  the  United  States 
Navy.  Lieutenant  Slemmer,  in  cotii- 
J""iRV'  mU  pany  with  Lieutenant  Gilinan,  visited 
the  Navy  Yard,  and  sought  the  co-operation  of 
Com  mod  ore  Armstrong. 

As  no  special  orders  hud  been  received  from  the 
Naval  Department  at  Washington,  the  veteran  com- 
modore declined  to  join  the  young  lieutenants  in 
any  action,  unless  under  positive  orders.  Slemmer 
immediately  took  measures  to  secure  the  ponder  at 
Fort  Barrancas,  which  fort  ho  did  not  hope,  with 
the  small  force  at  his  command,  to  hold.  He, 
however,  caused  the  batteries  to  be  put  in  order, 
strengthened  the  guard,  and  at  sunset  of  January 
8th  raised  the  drawbridge  that  gave  access  to  the 
fort. 

The  same  evening  a  small  force  of  armed  State 
troops  approached  the  fort.  On  their  discovery  by 
the  sentinel  an  alarm  was  given  ;  and,  finding  the 
draw  up  and  their  presence  known,  they  withdrew. 
The  nest  morning  instructions  wcro  received  by 
Lieutenant  Slemmer  to  use  all  diligence  and  effort 
to  protect  the  forts.  The  same  orders,  witt  in- 
structions to  co-operate  with  Lieutenant  Slemmer, 
wore  received  by  Commodore  Armstrong. 

These  commanders  met,  and  agreed,  in  view  of  the 
smullness  of  the  garrison,  to  make  no  effort  to  hold 
the  less  important  fort,  but  to  concentrate  within 
the  walls  of  Pickens,  as  the  stronger  and  loss  liable 
to  be  attacked,  and  the  most  available  to  reinforce- 
ments that  the  Government  might  send. 

Armstrong  was  to  send  the  steamer  Wyandot, 
Captain  licrrymau,  to  convey  the  garrison  at  Fort 
Barraucas  to  Fort  Pickens,  and  add 
tc-  the  force  such  men  as  lie  could 
spare  from  the  Navy  Yard,  and  order 
the  Wyantiot  and  stoicsbip  Supply, 
Captain  Walker,  to  anchor  near  the 
fort,  under  the  protection  of  the  guns. 

Armstrong  sent  the  Wyandot,  but 
no  men  from  the  Yard,  and  a  few 
provisions  in  place  of  the  stoieship. 
Slemmer  went  in  person  to  the  com- 
modore, and  demanded  an  explana- 
tion. Ho  impulsively  charged  the 
veteran  officer  with  deception  and  bad 
faith,  and  asked  how  he  hoped  to 
defend  a  fort  that  demanded  a  force 
of  twelve  hundred  men  to  garrison, 
with  only   forty-six,   the  exact   num 


HOIISKS  8WDNG  OVERBOARD  TO  SWIM  TO 
SANTA  K08A  ISLAND, 

in   position,  as  he  had  neither  time  nor  means  to 
d  ism  mint  them. 

The  Wyandot  was  ordered  by  Commodore  Arm- 
strong to  the  Southern  shore  of  Cuba,  and  the 
Supply  to  her  final  destination,  Vera  Cruz.  Slem- 
mer remonstrated  ;  but  Armstrong  acted  on  orders 
received  from    the    Department   at    Washington  as 


of 


he 


thei 


had     lit    for 


garrison  duty.  The  commodore  had 
sent  Lieutenants  Farrand  and  Ren 
shaw  to  see  that  the  plans  agreed  on 
were  carried  out,  and  was  greatly 
surprised  to  learn  of  tho  imperfect 
service,  through  disaffection  and  in- 
trigue, against  his  wishes  and  order?. 
On  the  morning  of  the  10th  of  Janu- 
ary tho  Wyandot  carried  over  Sum- 
mer's command.  The  day  and  night 
hefon',  the  men,  the  officers,  and  their 
wives  and  children,  had  worked  inces- 
santly preparing  for  the  change  of 
■pi  arte  re. 

The  wives  of  Lieutenants  Slemmer 
and  Oilman  were  especially  conspicu- 
ous in  their  good  offices  us  helper.-, 
and  in  their  fortitude  and  zeal. 
Abuut  thirty  ordinary  seamen  from 
tho  Navy  Yard,  without  arms  or 
equipments,  Were  added  to  the  little 
garrison.  The  powder  in  Fort  Bar- 
rancas was  secured,  and  by  Lieutenant 
Slemmcr's  orders  the  guns  wcro  spiked 


to  destination  before  the  contingency  arose.  Cap- 
tain Berrymau,  of  the  Wyandot,  however,  pro- 
cured, with  some  difficulty,  some  muskets  at  tho 
Navy  Yard  to  arm  the  seamen,  and  delivered  them 
to  Lieutenant  Slemmer.  The  same  morning,  five 
hundred  troops  from  Florida,  Alabama  and  Missis- 
sippi, commanded  by  Colonel  Lennox,  ol  Florida, 
demanded  the  surrender  of  the  Navy  Yard  to  the 
authorities  of  the  State. 

It  was  beyond  the  power  of  Commodore  Arm- 
strong* to  resist,  as  he  well  knew  that  three-fourths 
of  the  officers  and  men  under  his  com  in  and  were  in 
full  sympathy  with,  and  at  least  one  of  his  lieu- 
tenants (Far rand)  in  tho  active  service  of,  the  Suite 
authorities. 

Lieutenant  Rcnsbaw,  the  flag  officer  under  Com- 
modore Armstrong,  openly  deserted  his  flag,  and 
ordered  it  to  be  pulled  down.  This  was  done  with 
the  greatest  indignity,  and  the  flag  was  allowed  to 
fall  to  the  ground  amid  derisive  shouts  by  a  greater 
portion  of  the  men  present,  led  by  Lieutenant  J.  R. 
Eggleston,  of  the  Wyandot. 

Tho  command  of  the  Navy  Yard  was  given  to 
Captain  V.  M.  Randolph,  another  naval  officer  who 
had  determined  to  cast  his  fortune  with  tho  new 
occupants  of  the  Yard,  who  gained  possession  of 
the  post,  with  ordunuce  stores  valued  at  over 
8100,000.  Captain  Randolph  and  Lieutenants 
Farrand,  Rcnshaw  and  Eggleston,  who  had  already 
sent  their  resignations  to  Washington,  and  had 
them  accepted  before  the  Government  was  aware 
of  tbeir  purpose. 

Lieutenant  Slemmer  learned  through  Commander 
Walker,  of  the  Supply,  that  the  Navy  Yard  was  be- 
sieged, and  at  once  sent  a  note  to  the  commodore 
asking,  in  case  he  determined  to  capitulate,  to  send 
the  marines  to  strengthen  the  command  of  Fort 
Pickens.  He  received  no  roply  to  his  note,  and  a 
few  hours  afterward  he  saw  the  old  flag  go  down  at 
the  Navy  Yard. 

This  now  placed  Lieutenant  Slemmer  i 
fort,  with  a  garrison  of  eighty-one  in  al 
and  men.     Fifty-four  guns  wore  in  positioi 
for  service,  and  ho  had  live  months'  provision 
at  once  set  to  work  to  put  everything  in  working 
order,  momentarily  expecting  an  attack. 

On   the  13th  of  January  a  formal   demand  was 
made  by  Captain  Randolph,  Major  Marks  and  Lieu 
tenant  Ru Hedge,  all  in  military  dress,  and  claiming 
to  be  citizens  of  Florida  and  Alabama,  for  the  peace- 
able surrender  of  the  fort  in  the  name 
of  their  respective  Governors. 

Lieutenant  Slemmer  to  this  demand 
replied  :  "I  am  hero  under  the  orders 
of  the  President  of  the  United  States, 
and  by  direction  of  the  General -in- 
Chief  of  tho  Ann 3',  and  I  recognize  no 
right  of  any  Governor  to  demand  the 
surrender  of  United  Stales  property. 
My  orders  are  distinct  and  explicit." 

The  Military  Commissioners,  ap- 
parently surprised  at  this  determined 
opposition  to  their,  so  far,  successful 
plans  of  occupation,  withdrew.  On 
the  15th,  Colonel  William  H.  Ohase, 
late  of  tho  United  States  Army,  but 
now   in   command  of   the 

Juraiiw,  1861.  ...  rue. 

entire  force  of  tho  Sover- 
eign State  of  Florida,  although  him- 
self ii  native  of  Massachusetts,  accom- 
panied by  Lieutenant  Farrnnd, 
sought,  and  was  allowed,  an  interview 
with  Lieutenant  Slemmer. 

Representing  himself  as  having  full 
power  from  tho  chief  magistrate  ot 
Florida  to  take  possession  of  the  fort, 
the  Massachusetts  colonel,  now  tho 
head  and  front  of  the  army  of  the 
Slate  of  Florida,  counseled  tho  com- 
mander of  tho  only  United  States 
force   in    Pcnsacola    Bay  to  allow    tho 


a  strong 
,  officers 

,C",|J 

Ho 


ADAM    J.   SLEMMER, 
TOE   COlDlANtiliU   OF    FORT    PICKENS. 


•  Tlw  Otaentr.  of   iMugicslo,  Flu. 

January  iSlb. 

IS61.   reported   Conimod-re  Annum 

uheii  Colonel   Lcuuox  u"innn,le.l   il 

d  purmmler  ot 

country  falih- 

fully  nil  my  IHo ;   I  lOvo  Ills  alj  flat 

nnJ  unto  |, ro- 

Idtied   It   In   tu  [island   DO'I   lu   storm 

ily  htnrt  Is 

l.rv.'.llni!   NvjiiijU!   it    Ibd   ild.ilrucllo 

una  IMretora  I  know  not  where  lo 

hue  no  rule- 

il  It   I  hud,  I 

would   rallier  low  my  owd   llfo   th 

lira  of  my  countrymen,    lu  view  of  I 

incandUlonof 

nUnlm,!  relinquish  my autliurliyl..ili 

Borcrelfiulyot 

Florida-' ■ 

THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL      WAR. 


49 


mrender  of  the  fort  \riMiont  bloodshed ;  that  ha 
'Slummar)  could  do  bo  now  without  eaoriflcing  bis 
own  honor,  or  that  of  his  gallant  officers  and  men  ; 
'hat  lie  would  consider  the  surrender  of  the  fort 
iw  subject  to  any  agreement  that  might  bo  entered 
iato  between  Commissioners  Mnllory  and  Yulco 
(now  in  Washington  in  the  double  capacity  of 
United  States  Senators  and  Commissioners  for  the 
Sovereign  Stato  of  Florida)  nnd  the  National  G07- 
Brnment.  Colonel  Chase  would  not  counsel  Lieu- 
tenant Slemmer  to  do  anything  dishonorable,  but 
if  he  consented  to  such  an  arrangement,  lie  would 
secure  for  himself  the  commendation  of  all  Christ- 
/an  gentlemen,  and  avoid  making  himself  guilty  of 
allowing  fraternal  blood  to  flow.  He  proposed  that 
Lieutenant  Slemmer  rind  his  garrison  should  bo 
given  comfortable  quarters  at  Fort  Barrancas,  pond- 
ing the  negotiations  in  Washington,  und  in  con- 
clusion urged  Slemmer  to  consider  the  situation, 
and  take  euro  not  to  act  so  as  to  havo  the  fearful 
recollections  of  a  tragedy  that  he  could  now  avoid, 
rather  to  make  the  present  opportunity  redound 
to  his  elory  as  the  most  Christian-like  act  of  hia 


t"Hle  of  Jltrrfroesboro,  Dc-ember  8I*t.  where  he  wm  aterehr 
wounded,  and  incapjciiated  from,  fuihoc  aerrtoo  in  the  field. 
Prom  Julr,  I&tf,  to  the  close  of  toe  not  he  Eared  on  an 
examining  boarfi  as  president.  In  August.  1861,  lie  was 
tD.ii5tcn.ii  gut  of  the  volunteer  service,  nnd  resumed  his  tvgu- 

Jar  army  commission    of    li.  1 1 1 . uaot  -eol ..]    of   Hie  Fourth, 

Infantry,  won  fur  gallantly  at  Murfreesbeiro  ;  ho  was  further 
promoted,  for  gallant  und  meritorious  conduct  during  tfc? 
war,  colonel  nnd  brisadier-gcni r.d.  He  served  on  garrison 
duty  until  October,  1*10.  when,  on  account  of  increasing  ill- 
health,  he  was  assigned  lo  board  duty,  and  died  at  Fort 
Laramie,  October  7th,  1S08. 


LANDING    REINFORCEMENTS   ON    SANTA 
ROSA    ISLAND. 
Thk    Government     decided    to    reinforco    Fort 
Pickens  on  Santa  Rosa  Island.     Tbo  steam-frigate 
Powhatan,  of  11  guns  nnd  275  men, 
and  the  steam-tra  n  spurts  A  Html  ic  aril 
Illinois,  were  commissioned  for  that  purpose,   Tln< 
Atlantic  Bailed  from  New  York  on  the  7th  of  April, 
having  on  board  450   troops,  including  two  com- 
panies of  light  artillery  and  a  company  of  sappers 
and  minora,  under    command  of  Colonel   Harvey 


ftrrr  Pickens,  oonswurg  cH  Company  A.  JFiieI 
Artillery,  S6  men  and  115  marines.  The  garrison 
then  stood,  niuk  aud  lile  :  The  eld  garrison,  83  ; 
Company  A,  First  Artillery,  StJ ;  United  Stat  OS 
Marines,  115.     Total,  233. 

Tho  marines  were  only  landed  temporarily,  and, 
after  the  arrival  of  tho  main  body  of  reinforce- 
ments, wcro  returned  to  their  respective  ships,  so 
that  on  the  2!Sth  of  April  tho  garrison  of  Fort 
Pickens  was  as  follows  :  Companies  F  and  A,  Third 
Infantry  (old  garrison),  121  ;  Companies  A  and  M, 
Second  Artillery,  122;  Sappers  and  Minors,  02; 
Company  G,  C,  E,  B,  F,  D,  LT  and  K,  recruits,  574 
Total,  879.  

JUSTICE  TO  WILLIAM  CONWAY. 
Is  the  testimony  before  ilic  Naval  General  Court  Martini, 
In  the  trial  or  Captain  James  Armstrong  on  charges  growing 
out  of  the  surrender  of  the  Navy  Yard  nn  Pensaeola  liny,  an 
incident  of  devotion  lo  Hie  Government  was  made  known  and 
rewarded,  as  shown  in  the  follow!  Dg  communications: 

W^iTCNo-ros,  D.  C,  April  8th,  1801. 
Tho    president,   members,    andjudjre    advocate,  of    tin 
court  lately  held  io  tho  Cily  of  Wuihinglon,  D.  C,,for  111 


llKlXJ-'um/KMEXl.-S    ON'    i 


life.     Lieutenant  Slemmer,  first  consulting  with  the 

commanders  r.f  ilie  Wyandot  und  Supply,  positively 
-of used,  to  surrender  the  fort. 


ADAM  J.  BLEMMBH. 


Hems-   in  Mont 


July  1st,  186 


at  Wt>t 


nnl.ls.VI;  -rved  in  .<.  tuihoh-  War, 
1:1" rim,  1831-4;  profossor  nt  West 
In-    .  .uii|.itiv  .if   Hie   First  United 

.[..uiiri..  Cfcwtalon  Harbor, in  1850 ; 
mesa,  Pcnsncoln  Harbor,  1800.  On 
tta  Mavy  Yard  at  Peosneola  by  the 
January,  1801,  ho  transferred  lib 
in.  on  Santa  Rosti  Island,  which  lie 
April  1K0I,  when  be  was  superseded 
n  Mu j-  llli.  Isiil,  In'  was  proiiiiikil 
(bo  Sixteenth  Infantry,  and  Ordered 
th  111*  command,  which  had  become 
by  reason  or  llnir  \m\s  confinement 

Pkfeeng  ibiriii,-  :in  bcri^amenl ;  was 

of  tli-  n.  paftment  of  Ohio  Until 
illhcidlh  i-inj-  lleil  him  Io  take  n 
ay,  1808.  be  returned  to  dutv,  nnd 
I  Buell's  army ;  participated  'in  the 
ilego  of  Corinth.  His.,  and  In  the  movement  to  Louisville, 
.y..  and  NaihvWe,  Tcnn.;  was  mmmisdoncd  hrfjotdiuT 
tsnenl  of  voiuniars  Jfovemlu'r  With.  1883;  sigBRwl  In  the 


Gorilla 
Ittlc  (. 

by  Colt 
otbo 
to  New 

broken 

ael  Hun 

ink  of 
York  II 

■y  f 

rbo 

In 

Brown,  besides  09  horses,  and  a  largo  quantity  of 
munitions  of  war  and  supplies.  She  reached  Key 
West  oti  tho  13th,  when  she  took  additional 
troops,  and  urdmraeo,  shot,  shell,  etc.,  and  sailed 
for  Pensacola  Bay  ou  tbo  14th,  and  reaching  the 
anchorage  of  tho  squadron  lying  off  Fort  Pickens  lit 
half-past  six  o'clock  r.  si.  on  tho  16th,  in  advance 
at  tho  Powhatan  and  Illinois.  Immediate  measures 
were  taken,  by  aid  of  tho  boats  of  tbo  squadron,  for 
throwing  reinforcements,  into  Fort  Pickens  that 
night,  with  so  much  success  that  tho  largor  portion 
of  tho  officers  and  men  wore  in  tho  fort  hofore  mid- 
night. Tho  remainder  of  tho  troops  wcro  landed 
early  on  the  morning  of  the  17th,  tho  horses  during 
the  afternoon  and  night  of  tho  ISth,  and  the  stores 
and  munitions  between  that  period  and  the  23d. 
The  Illinois  left  Now  York  on  the  night  of  April 
8th  with  300  troops,  500  case3  of  muskets,  and  a 
supply  of  munitions  of  war  and  provisions.  On 
tho  night  of  tho  13th  she  readied  tho.  anchorage 
off  Fort  Pickens,  and  at  once  landed  hor  troops 
and  cargo.  Tho  war-steamer  Powhatan,  Com- 
mander D.  D,  Porter,  reached  tho  rendezvous  on 
the  17th,  Previous  to  the  arrival  of  the  reinforce- 
ments sent  from  New  York,  via.,  on  the  night  of 
.'Juj  1Mb  of  April,  reinforewtnenta  wert  'Srown  Into 


...  xl  policy  of  iKTilowiiij.'  muni!  appropriate  mark 
"f  iLi  approbation  "f  the  loyalty.  -■- j •  i r i t  mid  p>od  conduct  ot 
William  Conway,  u  i[ii;irli  mi aster  of  tin.'  nary,  on  duly  In 
the  Navy  Yard  at  Wurriusrlun.  Florida,  when  'the  name  win 
surrendered  on  tile  Villi  of  Junuarv,  1NII,  who.  wilh  manly 
pride, nud  in  a  spirit  of  patriotic  devotion,  refused  lo  obey 
the  order  to  haul  dun  n  I  In-  national  ila/  on  I  lie  incision  ol 
wiid  siirrendtr.  The  eiiili  nn'  of  ilii-  Imiionililc  devotion  lo 
the  dinaitv  and  i  nilii  of  tho  Hit™  <•(  hi.~  •  ouiilry  in  found  lr 
the  record  of  Ilia  itstiinonv  in  I  oiuiiKnliire  AniiJ;trong'H  case 
Ites]Hct Cully  submitted  by  Order  uf  tho  Court, 

A.  B.  Magiict>eh,  Jiidffa  Advocate. 

Navt  Depahtmkm,  April  2-1  th,  186 1. 
It  npnoira,  from  tin?  Ufitimony  taken  in  Captain  Ann 
strong's  cose,  thai  William  Ciuiuuv,  an  nwl  n-anifln,  dninf 
duty  as  quartermaster  in  lln  Warrimrion  Navy  Yard,  nt  tin 
time  of  iis  siirnnrli  r,  wlieii  orihTi.-el  by  Li' nn  mint  F.  B.  Ken 
tluiw  to  haul  tiowc  'lit  nntioii'iJ  tins:.  |T"iripily  and  tndig 
niiatly  refused  lo    u  in  1  lie  hour  of 
its  peril  is  not  tin-  I>t-<  worthy  of  bcim;  (iillcd  notilc  and  diiv. 
alric  Iwcause  displayed  by  one  lo  an  humble  station.     It  i.' 

the  more  disen'uii.-  of  < uiemoraliou.  for  mliordinalcB  in 

the  service  arc  nol  u-n  ill\  "[".  n-dlo  S4  evj^ij.ltsof  palrint- 
ism  and  fidclliv  in  their  Innii,  but  t.i  follow  them.  The  De 
purtniint  dn'iii  it  no  in'.re  than  strict  Justin-  to  Willhim  i'mh- 
wny  that  this  le-limoni  il  fr.'in  the  court  In  liisl"bnlf  eliouM 
be  mode  known  tbroagtaont  the  service.  It  'lierefore  dlrccls 
IhrU  this  general  crnliT  U  publicly  mm  ->  L-arly  as  plccl;. 
coble  after  it.t  rt-ci  Ipt  hy  tin-  cumnuuiden>  of  all  naval  otu.h  m 
and  all  VOSHClS  of  the  nan"  in  commission.  In  ilie  presence  of 
the  Olfltere  and  men  under  their  command. 

Gideon  Weluss,  tkcrttury  tfSit  A'jr" 


5" 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


*ffE    SOLDIER    IN    OLR    CIVIL     WAR, 


51 


THE  UPRISING  Of  THE  PEOPLE. 

The  fall  of  For*.  Sumter - Uie  liret  success  of  tho 
Confederates;  the  humiliation  attending  the  low- 
ering of  the  American  Flag ;  and  the  giving  to  the 
breeze  the  banner  of  the  Palmetto  State,  had  a 
two- fold  effect. 

In  the  hoods  of  the  secessionists  the  news  served 
as  the  lever  with  which  they  ronsed  the  martial 
spirit  of  their  people,  and  made  the  leadors,  leaders 
indeed.  They  had  already  organized  in  all  the 
States  considerable  armies,  and  this  success  of  their 
first  effort  multiplied  recruits  and  stimulated  tbo 
whole  people,  who  magnified  the  exploit  into  a 
glorious  victory,  and  from  that  moment  cemented 
into  one  nation  of  revolutionist*  the  radical  and 
conservative  elements,  and  taught  all  to  believe  that 
they  conld  soon  dictate  terms  of  peace,  or  even, 
with  the  aid  of  the  great  Democratic  party,  conquer 
the  abolition  North. 

The  banks  emptied  their  vaults  into  the  Confed- 
erate Treasury,  Planters  gave  their  available  for- 
tunes, and  themselves,  with  their  sons,  left  for  the 


conquer  a  peace  and  poB3es3  themselves  of  the 
national  capital. 

Tbo  South  failed  to  make  it,  as  they  had  hoped,  a 
political  war.  It  became,  instead,  a  sectional  strife, 
and  the  lines  were  drawn,  with  a  few  earnest  Union 
men  in  Virginia  and  Tennessee,  and  a  few  secession- 
ists in  West  Virginia,  Maryland,  Kentucky  and 
Missouri - below,  solid  for  secession,  and  above,  as 
solid  for  maintaining  the  old  flag  on  every  foot  of 
territory  in  the  United  States. 

To  her  standard  the  defenders  Hocked,  and  State 
vied  with  State  as  to  expedition  and  numbers. 
Rhode  Island's  millionaires  enlisted  in  the  ranks, 
and  marched  to  defend  Washington.  New  York's 
citizen  soldiers  left  with  a  day's  notice,  and  hastened 
to  tho  front.  Massachusetts,  first  in  the  field,  had 
multiplied  her  volunteers.  Tho  great  West  asked  to 
bo  alono  allowed  to  whip  the  South,  and  her  regi- 
ments wore  filled  up  with  men  long  before  tho  Stato 
or  Federal  Government  could  supply  arms  and 
equipments. 

Private  individuals  equipped  whole  regiments, 
private    contributions    swelled    tho    Treasury,  and 


organizing,  and  leav  ig  home  and  comfort  for  the 
tented  field  and  tho  soldier's  Ufa 

"  It  was  a  wuV  time - a  continuous  day  of  fevered 
enthusiasm.  5l.au,  women  and  children  partici- 
pated in  the  exaltation  of  patriotio  spirit.  There 
was  no  looking  back.  A  brave  people  bad  turned 
their  energies  to  war,  and  they  wont  at  it  as 
a  business.  Tho  war  spirit  boomed  like  a  storm. 
Tbo  rivalry  to  enlist  was  universal, 

"Letters  poured  in  upon  tho  Governor,  seeking 
commissions  for  perilous  service,  until  the  burden 
becamo  so  heavy  that  he  was  forced  to  advertise  in 
the  papers  that  ho  did  not  have  tho  clerical  labor  to 
even  answer.  For  every  requisition  of  troops  there 
was  a  fifty-fold  proffer  of  eager  soldiers.  Such  a 
spirit  of  willing  chivalry  as  was  exhibited  was  never 
exceeded  in  the  annals  of  warfare  ;  and  to  show  the 
character  of  the  men  and  organizations,  a  cavalry 
company  in  Home - (be  Floyd  Cavalry - represented 
a  money  property  of  9730,000  among  forty  men; 
while  another  of  thirty-five  men  in  Milledgeville, 
tho  Governor's  Horse  Guards,  stood  for  two  and  a 
half  millions  of  wealth  on  tho  tax-book. 


SHIPMENT.     Of  OH.S'S    ANP    AMMUNITION    KROII    THE 


AUhENAL,    WEST    THOY,    N.  Y. 


tented  field.  The  women  sent  to  their  State's 
Treasury  their  silver  plate  and  jewelry,  and  at  once 
set  to  work  to  make  clothes  for  their  husbands  and 
sons  in  tho  army. 

In  the  North  the  newa  acted  at  once  on  the 
people  themselves,  and  they  awoke  to  realize  a  ter- 
rible fact.  The  flag  of  their  country  had  been 
Sasaflad.  It  might  noon  be  dishonored.  Tho 
eople  most  fight  for  that  flag,  or  the  nation's  life 
would  end. 

A  political  contest<  hud  divided  the  people  of  the 
North.  The  tiring  00  the  flag  of  Fort  Sumtor 
imidu  the  people  one.  Union  meetings  were  held 
all  over  the  North,  notably  in  New  York  City, 
where  the  South  had  hoped  for  the  most  help,  and 
from  which  oity  they  had  so  far  received  the 
greatest  material  aid. 

While  neither  aide  expected  actual  war,  the  South 
had  prepared  for  the  worst,  and  were  with  an 
equipped  army  in  the  field,  while  the  North,  on  the 
call  of  President  Lincoln  for  75,000  troops,  had  but 
the  National  Guard  of  citizen  soldiers  to  draw  from. 
Underrating  tho  strength  and  determination  of  the 
enemy,  both  sides  looked  upon  the  struggle  as  to  bo 
of  abort  luration,  and  President  Lincoln  called  for 
the  men  lor  ninety  days ;  while  President  Davis 
tud  bis  traone  that  in  eren  less  time  they  could 


Iho  workshops  of  the  whole  North  were  run  night 
and  day  to  provide  equipments  and  Hurtling  for  this 
great  army,  the  growth  of  a  single  fortnight. 

Nothing  liko  this  great  uprising  of  the  people  of 
tho  two  sections  had  ever  before  been  attained  in 
the  history  of  modern  wars.  Each  seemed  actuated 
by  loyal  and  patriotic  motives.  Each  appealed  to 
the  same  God,  and  found  in  their  cause  reason  for 
His  help. 

Men,  worrien  and  children  wore  aliko  fired  with 
patriotic  enthusiasm,  and  in  tho  North,  as  if  by 
concortcd  arrangement,  the  national  Hag  was  every- 
where displayed,  even  from  the  spirc3  of  churches 
and  cathedrals,  and  adorned  the  halls  of  juetieo 
and  places  of  worship.  In  the  South  flags  and 
rosettes  as  suddenly  appeared,  and  tho  "strange 
device"  soon  won  a  place - if  not  of  veneration,  at 
least  of  hopo  and  expectation. 

In  describing  the  uprising  of  the  people  in  the 
Stato  of  Georgia.  Averv.  in  b.s  "History  of  Georgia," 
(New  York  :  Brown  it  Derby),  1882, 'says  :  "Dur- 
ing the  year  18111,  the  military  activity  in  the  Stato 
of  Georgia  was  incessant  and  ubiquitous.  The 
commonwealth  was  one  vast  recruit  camp.  The 
roll  of  the  drum  and  stirring  notes  of  the  fife  re- 
sounded from  mountain  to  seaboard.  Hill  and 
valley  echoed  to  the  tread  of  armed  met.  gathering. 


"All  over  the  State  citizens  were  offering  pecu 
niary  sacrifices  fur  the  cause.  Governor  Brown 
himsolf  subscribed,  and  paid  ono  thousand  dollars 
toward  tho  support  of  the  Georgia  troops  in  the  ser- 
vice, and  determined  to  appropriate  the  net  income 
of  his  farm  to  the  same  great  cause.  His  wife 
devoted  her  time,  as  did  thousands  upon  thousands 
of  other  noble  and  delicate  women,  to  making 
clothing  for  tho  soldiers. 

"Miss  Henrietta  Kecnan,  of  Milledgeville,  a 
daughter  of  Colonel  Augustus  U.  Keeuan,  a  bril- 
liant, queenly  woman,  tendered  to  Governor  Brown, 
in  behalf  of  herself  and  her  mother,  for  the  use  of 
the  State,  their  silver  plate,  of  considerable  value. 
Tho  Governor  said,  if  it  became  a  necessity,  he 
would  accept  it. 

"A  company  was  organized  below  Gaddistown, 
in  Fannin  County,  and  named  'Mrs.  Joe  Brown's 
Boys.'  In  recognition  of  tbo  compliment,  Mrs. 
Brown,  the  wife  of  the  Governor,  fitted  this  com- 
pany with  a  suit  of  clothes,  purchasing  the  cloth  uv 
Milledgevillo,  and  making  and  sending  one  to  each 
member. 

"All  over  the  State  voluntary  generous  patr.vzam 
was  shown.  Some  idea  may  bo  formed  of  ho  i 
gloriously  Georgia  responded  to  the  demands  ■•,  • 
her  manhood,  from  tho  fact  that;  ap  to  the  1>-  Ol 


52 


THE      SCLDJliR    IH    OC/Ji    CJt-JJ.     WAR 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CIVIL     WAR. 


Si 


Octouer,  1881,  she  had  sent  forty  magnificent  regi- 
ments to  the  battle-field.  This  makes  a  grand  fact 
in  her  'var  record." 

General  Dix  presided  at  the  principal  stand  at 
the  great  him  meeting  atUniun  Square,  New  York 
City,  April  20th,  1SC1.  In  his  speech  he  said  :  "I 
regard  tlie  pending  contest  with  the  secession ists  as 
a  death-struggle  for  cniiBtllntriinal  liberty  and  law - 
a  contest  wliicli,  if  successful  on  tlicir  part,  could 
only  end  i"  the  establishment  of  a  despotic  govern- 
ment, mid  blot  out,  whenever  they  were  in  the 
ascendant,  every  vestige  of  national  freedom. 
.  .  .  We  stand  before  the  statue  of  the  Father 
of  his  Country.  Tlio  flag  of  the  Union  which  floats 
over  it  hung  above  him  when  he  presided  over  the 
convention  by  which  the  Constitution  was  frame1 
The  great  work  of  his  life  has  been  rejected,  and 
thi-  banner  by  which  his  labors  were  con  sec  rated 
hjifl  been  trampled  in  the  dust.  If  the  inanimate 
bronze  in  which  the  sculptor  lias  shaped  his  image 
could  be  changed  from  the  living  form  which  led  tho 
aim  ;  3  of  the  Revolution  to  victory,  be  would  com- 


tliemselves,  but  by  ns - guarded  far  more  securely 
than  any  people  ever  have  had  their  lives  and 
property  seenred  from  the  beginning  of  tho  world. 
We  have  committed  no  oppression,  have  broken  no 
compact,  have  exercised  no  unholy  power - have 
been  loyal,  moderate,  constitutional  and  just. 

"  Wc  are  a  majority  of  Ho  Union,  and  we  will 
govern  our  own  Union,  with  our  own  Constitution, 
in  our  own  way.  We  are  all  Democrats.  Wo  are 
ail  Republicans.  Wc  acknowledge  tho  sovereignty 
of  the  people  within  the  rule  of  the  Constitution, 
and,  under  that  Constitution  and  beneath  that  flag, 
let  traitors  beware.  ...  I  propose  that  tho 
people  of  tins  Union  dictate  to  these  rebels  tho 
terms  of  peace.  It  may  take  thirty  millions;  it 
may  take  tlrrco  hundred  millions.  What  then? 
Wc  have  it.  Loyally,  nobly,  grandly,  do  the  mer- 
chants of  New  York  respond  to  the  appeal  of  the 
Government.  It  may  cost  us  seven  thousand  men  ; 
it  may  cost  us  seventy-five  thousand  men  in  battle ; 
it  may  even  cost  us  seven  hundred  and  fifty  thou- 
sand men.  What  then?  Webavethem.  Thebloodoi 


sustain  it,  at  all  lioaiu  (rdeod,  it  U  dne  to  me 
great  occasion  here  frankly  to  declare  that,  not 
withstanding  my  opposition  to  the  election  of  Mr. 
Lincoln  and  my  disposition  most  closely  to  ecrutis 
ize  all  his  acts,  I  see,  thus  far,  nothing  to  condemn 
in  his  efforts  to  save  the  Union.  .  .  ■  And  now 
let  me  say,  that  this  Union  must,  will  and  shall  be 
perpetuated ;  that  not  a  star  shall  bo  dimmed  nor  a 
stripe  erased  from  our  banner ;  that  tho  integrity 
of  tho  Government  shall  be  preserved,  and  that 
from  the  Atlantic  to  tho  Pacific,  from  tho  Lakes 
of  tho  North  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  never  shall 
bo  surrendered  a  single  aero  of  cur  soil  nor  a  drop 
of  its  waters." 

David  S.  Coduingtco.  an  influential  member  of 
the  Democratic  party,  gave  a  scathing  review  of 
the  efforts  of  dismiionists,  and  said; 

"Shall  I  tell  you  what  secession  means)  It 
means  ambition  in  the  Southern  leaders  and  mis- 
apprehension in  the  Southern  people.  Its  policy 
is  to  imperialize  slavery,  and  lo  destroy  and  to 
degrade  tho  only  free  republic  in  the  world. 


LIET  AESENAL,   WE"T  TROIT.  N.   T. 


mancl  us,  in  tha  name,  of  the  hosts  of  patriots  and 
political  martyrs  who  .uivo  gono  before,  to  striko  for 
tho  defense  of  tho  Union  and  tho  Constitution." 

Daniai  S.  Dickinson,  u  venerable  leader  of  tho 
Democratic  party,  said  ;  "  We  are  called  upon  to 
net,.  There  in  no  time  for  hesitation  or  indecision  ; 
no  time  for  haato  or  excitement.  It  is  a  timo  when 
tho  people  should  rise  in  tho  majesty  of  their 
might,  strotch  forth  their  strong  arm  hoJ  silence 
the  angry  waves  of  tumult.  Jt  is  a  question 
between  Union  and  anarchy - between  law  and  Jis- 

Scnator  Baker,  of  Oregon,  a  leading  Democratic 
',  who  afterward  fell  ut  Bail's  Bluff,  made 

i  eloquent  speech.  "  Young  men  of  New  York,"  he 
said - "young  men  of  tho  United  States - you  are 
told  this  is  not  to  be  a  war  of  aggression.  In  one 
sense  that  is  tr"e ;  in  another,  not.  Wo  have  com- 
mitted aggression  upon  no  man.  In  all  tho  broad 
land,  in  their  rebel  nest,  in  their  traitor's  camp,  no 
'uthful  man  can  rise  and  say  that  he  has  ever  been 
disturbed,  though  it  bo  but  for  a  single  moment,  in 
life,  liberty,  estate,  oharacter  or  honor. 

"The  day  they  began  this  unnatural,  false, 
wicked,  rebellious  warfare,  their  lives  were  more 
iecuie,  their  Drounrty  more  secure  by  as - not  bj  . 


every  loyal  citizen  of  this  Government  is  dear  to  me. 
My  sons,  my  kinsmen,  the  young  men  who  have 
grown  up  beneath  my  eye  and  beneath  my  care, 
they  are  all  dear  to  mo ;  but  if  the  country's  des- 
tiny, glory,  tradition,  greatness,  freedom  govern- 
ment, mitten  constitutional  government - the  only 
hopo  of  a  freo  people - demand  it,  let  thorn  all  go. 
I  am  not  hero  now  to  apeak  timorous  words  of 
peace,  but  to  kindle  the  spirit  of  manly,  determined 
war.    ,    .    . 

"Upon  the  wings  of  tho  lightning  it  goes  out 
throughout  tho  world  that  New  York,  the  very  heart 
of  a  great  city,  with  her  crowded  thoroughfares,  her 
merchants,  her  manufacturers,  her  artists  -  that 
New  York,  by  one  hundred  thousand  of  her  people - 
declares  to  the  country  and  to  the  world  that  she 
will  sustain  the  Government  to  the  last  dollar  iu 
her  Treasury - to  the  last  drop  of  your  blood,  Tho 
national  banners  leaning  from  ton  thousand  win- 
dows in  your  city  to-day  proclaim  your  affection 
and  reverence  for  (he  Union." 

Robert  J.  Walker,  of  Mississippi,  who  wa3  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury  in  the  Democratic  admin- 
istration of  President  Polk,  denounced  secession  as 
e  crime,  and  said  :  "  Much  as  I  lovo  my  party.  I 
l<.ve  my  country  .:......:■.-..  more,  and  must  and  wlli 


epn 


Nothing  so  disappoints  secession  as 
fidelity  of  New  York  to  the  Constiti 

"  Prom  the  vaults  of  Wall  Street  Jefferson  Davie 
expected  to  pay  bis  aruiv,  and  riot  in  all  the  streets 
and  in  all  the  'towns  and  cities  of  the  North,  Vt 
make  their  march  a  triumphant  one.  Fifty  thou- 
sand men  to-day  tread  on  his  fallacy." 

Such  was  the  response  of  some  of  the  ablest  re- 
presentatives of  the  venerable  Democratic  party  to 
the  slanderers  of  that  party,  such  as  Sanders  and 
his  like  in  tho  South  and  its  trading  politicians  in 
the  North. 

It  was  the  unbiased  sentiment  of  the  great 
body  of  that  organization  then  and  throughout  tho 
war,  who  were  truly  loyal  in  sentiment,  and  formed 
a  strong  element  of  the  powerful  Union  party  that 
faithfully  sustained  the  Government  in  spite  of  the 
machinations  of  demagogues. 

That  meeting  relieved  the  citizens  of  the  com- 
mercial metropolis  of  the  nation  from  the  false 
position  of  apparent  selfish  indifference  to  the  fate 
of  tlie  republic,  in  which  they  bad  been  placed 
before  Europe  by  an  able  correspondent  of  tho 
London  Times,  who  hud  been  utterly  misled  tj-  \ 
few  men,  among  whom  be  unfortunately  fell  on  hi* 
onival  iu  this  country,     It  gave  assurance  of  that 


54 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


'CJ^-: 


THE    SOLDIliR 


>0l<     CIVIL     WAR. 


55 


lAtulich  patriotism  01  trie  gr&u,  body  oi  the  citizen*  they  are  trailing  our  gloriong  banner  in  tho  dust -  the  Charleston  Uonvflnrjnn  "nn  at  tbe  Soeedevr 
A  New  York,  who  treated  their  devotion  to  the  when  they  scorn  it,  condemn  it,  curse  it,  and  Convention  at  Bait-more,  in  I860,  mane  a  soul- 
jonntry  by  giving  about  ona  hundred  thousand  sol-  tramplo  it  under  foot,  then  I  must  smite.  In  God's  stirring  -speech  at  flewbuiyport,  Mass.,  on  tbt 
-liere  to  the  army ;  and  making  the  sacrifice,  it  13  name  I  ivill  smite,  and  as  long  as  I  have  strength  I  same  da_,,  in  which  ha  said  that  ho  cordially  pur- 
wtiraatcd,  in  actual  expenditures  of  money,  tho  loss  will  do  it.  Oh,  listen  to  mo!  listen  to  me  I  I  ticipated  in  the  patriotic  manifestations  around 
1,"  the  labor  d  their  able-bodied  men,  private  and  know  these  men ;  1  know  their  courage ;  I  have  him.  llo  wonld  yield  to  no  man  in  faithfulness  to 
public  contributions,  taxes,  etc.,  of  not  less  than  been  among  them ;  I  havo  been  with  them ;  I  have  tho  Union  or  in  zeal  for  the  maintenance  of  the 
three  hundred  million  of  dollars  in  the  cuureo  of  been  reared  with  them.  Tlioy  have  courage,  and  laws  and  the  constitutional  authorities  of  the 
four  veare.  do  you  not  pretend  to  think  they  havo  not,     I  tell    Union  ;  nnd  to  that  end  ho  stood  prepared,  if  occn 

•'  That  meeting  dismayed  and  exasperated  tho  you  what  it  is,  it  is  no  child's  play  you  are  enter-  6ion  should  call  for  it,  to  testify  his  sense  of  public 
(-inspirators,  f>?  they  saw  that  they  had  been  dc-  ing  upon.  They  will  fight,  and  with  a  determina-  duty  by  entering  tho  field  again,  at  the  command  of 
(wived,  and  observed  that,  unliko  themselves,  their  tion  and  a  power  which  is  irresistible.  Mako  up  tho  Commonwealth  or  of  the  Union.  Mr.  dishing 
politic  d  brethren  in  tho  Free-labor  States  loved  your  mind  to  it.  Let  tvory  man  put  Li3  life  in  his  did  offer  his  services  iu  the  Cold  to  the  Governor 
their  country  moro  than  their  party - wore  moro  hand,  and  say,  'There  is  tho  altar  of  my  country;  of  Massachusetts,  but  thoy  were  not  necepted. 
patriotic-   than   selfish - and  would   boldly  confront    there  I  will  sacrilico  my  lifo  !'"  At  a  public  reception  of  Scnntor  Douglas,  Mr. 

with  war,  if  necessary,  every  enemy  of  tho  Union  Representative  men  of  the  Democratic  party  in  Lincoln's  opponent  for  'ho  Presidency,  at  Chicago, 
and  of  Amorieaii  nationality.  It  also  amazingly  all  the  loyal  States  made  speeches,  and  took  sub-  HI.,  on  tho  1st  of  May,  that  statesman,  in  a  patri- 
eneouruged  and  strengthened  the  President  nnd  Iu3  stantially  the  same  ground,  contributing  their  in-  otio  speech,  said:  rtTIiore  are  only  two  sides  to  this 
cabinot  in  thoir  efforts  to  suppress  tho  rising  fluonce,  timo  and  money  to  tho  National  cause,  question.  Every  man  must  bo  for  tho  United  .States 
rebellion."  Tho  venerable  I  leneral  Cass,  late  Secretary  of  Stato,     or  against  it.    There  can  bo  no  neutrals  in  this  war : 

In  that  meoting  tho  profound  intellect,  the  made  a  stirring  speeeh  at  Detroit  on  tho  2-llh  of  only  patriots  or  traitors.  ...  I  express  it  as 
wii'iico  of  tho  Free-labor  States,  won  represented  by  April.  "  llo  who  is  not  for  his  country,"  ho  said,  my  conviction  before  God  that  it  is  the  duty  nl 
Professor  0.  M.  Mi'<  boll,  e_cry  American  oitincn  to 

lly  round  the  flag  of  hie 
)  also  I  =^M        /  country.** 

s  services  nnd  hia  \  ,  '  ~s^//       "  -'  Similar    meetings   wero 

!ito    in    defonso     of     tho        -/*\s\  0  ^-^^ &  -B"  simultaneously  iu  the 

prominent  cities  of  tho 
Virth  and  West,  and  the 
people  wero  eo  thoroughly 
i  msed  to  tho  dangers 
that  beset  tho  Govern- 
ment, that  purse  ami 
words  wero  placed  in  its 
i  111    Xtf  _       bands  with    a    faith   and 

devotion    unexampled   ia 
tho  history  of  tho  world. 

Between  tho  13th  of 
April  and  the  1st  of  May, 
ISCil,  S40,0(>way  etui*  in  the 

South  wo  must  set  aside.     They  are  not  our  friends,  maintain*          '  dm  prepared  to  devote  my  life  to  morning;    but,    notwithstanding  the   early  lion 

"When  they  come  to  their  senses,  wo  will  receive  the  work,  "r-i  to  lead  you  in  tbe  struggle  I"  they  were  met  by  a  hotly  of  upward  of  five  thor, 

with  open  arms;   but,  till  that  time,  while  Caleb  dishing, of  Massachusetts,  vrlta  presidedat  sand  citizens,  ami  a  detachment  of  police,  by  whom 


in  that  oily  of  high  excitement,  ami 
was  spod  on  ita  way  'o  Washington  with  the  heart; 
well-wishes  of  morw   "nan  one  hundred    tbou"i"n"i 


THE    SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


jny  w"ra  escorted  to  the  various  hoteto  for  break-  marched  through  Fourth  Streef  down  Broadway 
'.ant.  Their  march  through  the  city  was  ones-  and  Courtlandt  Street  through  a  crowd  so  dense 
peeled,  hut  was,  nevertheless,  a  complete  ovation,  that  it  seemed  to  block  op  the  way  impassably ; 
At  ever}'  stop  they  were  greeted  with  checra  for  through  walls  of  human  beings,  under  a  perfect 
tho  "Bi'nkor  Hill  Boys!"  The  enthusiasm,  how-  canopy  of  flags,  with  cheers  rolling  along  like 
ever,  did  not  reach  its  height  until  about  noon,  enthusiastic  thunders,  past  buildings  whoso  fronts 
rfuon  tho  regiment  formed  in  City  Hall  Park,  and  were  covered  with  flags,  and  whoso  doors,  win- 
proceeded  down  Courtlandt  Street  to  the  Jersey  dows,  steps,  and  balconies,  were  jammed  with  peo- 
City  Ferry.  Tho  streets  were  gay  with  flags,  and  it  pie ;  past  Major  Anderson,  who  reviewed  tho  re- 
was  with  difficulty  that  the  troops  could  penetrate  giment  from  a  commanding  balcony;  past  mottoes 
tho  dense  masses  that  had  gathered  to  welcome  declaring  that  the  "National  Guard  is  for  tho 
them.  Those  who  have  witnessed  all  tho  great  Union,1' and  that  members  imitate  the  "National 
demonstrations  of  tho  city  for  a  half  a  century  Guard  of  1776."  With  bayonets  brightly  gleaming 
back,  remember  nono  so  spontaneously  enthnsi-  in  tho  sun,  with  step  Arm,  with  bearing  proud  and 
nstic.     Ab  thj^regiment  filed  off  to  go  up  the  ferry-  erect,  us  befitted  the  men  nnd   the 


bout,  which  was  gayly  decorated  with  lings, 
the    ferry-bouse,   thore    were  loud  cries  of  "God 
bless  you !    God  bless  you!"  and  unlimited  cheers 
for  the  Old  Bay  State. 
Tho  ferry-boat  reached  Jersey  City  at  half-past 
o  o'clock  p.m.,  where  some  thousands  hud  already 


mth  Regiment  marched  down  Broadway.  But 
one  accustomed  to  see  only  tho  everyday  Broadway 
ran  form  no  idea  of  it  as  it  appeared  on  this  occa- 
sion, flaunting  with  flags,  and  packed  with  tier 
upon  tier  of  people,  from  sidewalk  to  house-roof. 
The  citizens  had  assembled  along  the  line  of 
mgrcgnted  to  welcome  the  troops.  The  railroad  the  march,  and  while  waiting  for  the  passing  of  tho 
depot  was  crowded  with  ladies,  who  filled  tho  W-  Seventh,  gave  a  greeting  and  a  "godspeed"  to 
conies  which  extend  around  the  build- 
ing, nearly  every  one  bearing  the 
Store  and  Stripes.  The  depot  was 
also  beautifully  decorated  with  flags, 
presenting  a  most  imposing  appear- 
ance. While  the  troops  approached, 
a  sulnto  was  fired  from  tho  Long 
Dock,  and  tho  Cunard  steamer  Persia 
dipped  her  colore  several  times.  Aa 
soon  as  tho  boat  had  been  made  fust 
to  tho  bridge,  and  the  order  given 
to  forward,  tho  hand  struck  up  the 
"Star  Spangled  Banner,"  which  was 
accompanied  by  deafening  cheers  from 
the  crowd  in  and  about  the  depot.  As 
tlioy  entered  the  railroad  depot,  cheer 
after  cheer  broke  forth,  tho  ladies 
waving  handkerchiefs  and  flags,  which 
tasted  for  nearly  twenty  minutes.  Tho 
train,  numbering  eighteen  cars,  was 
covered  with  flags.  A  littlo  delay 
was  occasioned  on  account  of  the 
crowd  in  tho  building  blocking  the 
place. ;  but  while  the  troops  were  in 
waiting,  the  ladies  amused  themselves 
by  throwing  the  soldiers  their  pocket- 
handkerchiefs  and  little  flags.  The 
order  being  given,  the  several  com- 
panies were  marched  to  their  respective 
cars,  and  in  about  half  an  hour  they 
were  all  safely  on  board  tho  train. 

At  two  o'clock  Colonel  Jones  in- 
formed tho  superintendent  that  all 
was  ready,  and  tho  signal  was  given 
for  the  train  to  start.  The  first  move- 
ment of  the  locomotive  brought  out 
cheers,  and  as  the  train  slowly  glided 
out  from  the  depot,  the  crowd  kept 
up  the  cheers  and  waving  of  flags. 
Among  the  ladies  could  bo  seen  several 

in  tears,  deeply  affected  at  the  scene,  and  one  old  the  Massachusetts  Eighth,  under  Colonel  Timothy 
gentleman  wept  like  a  child.  When  asked  if  ho  Monroe,  accompanied  by  General  Bcuj.  F.  Butlor. 
had  any  friends  among  the  troops,  ho  said  no ;  but  It  was  not  until  the  Eighth  reached  Philadelphia 
he  felt  as  though  every  one  who  composed  the  littlo  that  thoy  learned  of  the  attack  that  day  in  Balli- 
band  were  his  own  sons.  Several  companies  of  the  more  upon  their  comrades  of  the  Sixth.  The  news 
New  Jersey  militia  accompanied  the  troops  us  far  of  the  attack  in  Baltimore  reached  New  York  while 
i  Trenton,  tho  capital  of  the  State,  where   their    tho  Seventh  were  in  lino  ready  to  march,  and  each 


AKSH.U.I,    U.HKIU? 


served  with    forty-eight   rounds  of  ball 

The  New  York  and  Massachusetts  regiments  mot 
at  Philadelphia,  but  proceeded  by  different  steamer 
routi--  iii-A.inl  Wellington,  to  meet  again,  on  the 
morning  "^  l'11'  '••''■  il*  *'lu  Naval  Academy  wharfs, 
in  Aiina]H>li-,  the  ••Id  capital  of  Maryland. 

By  their  united  efforts  the  two  commands  had, 
ere  long,  fully  repaired  the  bridge.-;  and  ruilwav  line 
leading   to  Annapolis  Junction,  which   had   been 


regiments  were  mustering  for  equipment  and  dis- 
patch to  Washington.  

THE  SEVENTH   REGIMENT, 

National  Gtjard,  State  of  New  York. 

This    regiment,    the    just   pride   of  New  York 

City,  and    widely  noted   for  its  perfect  discipline 

and  equipment  as  well  as  its  promptitude  in  every 

emergency  requiring  tho  interposition  of  the  strong 

military  arm,  was  the  first  regiment  from  the  Em-  seriously  damaged  and  partly  destroyed  by  tho  in- 

pire   State    to   respond    to    the    call    of    the    Pre-  surgents    tho    previous    day.      Tho    Junction   was 

sident.     Tho  night  after  tho  call  the  members  of  reached  by  the  combined   regiments  early  on  the 

the  regiment,  although    many    of   them  were    en-  25th,  and  the  Eighth  Massachusetts  being  left  to 

gaged   in    responsible    business    requiring  constant  guird  tho  road  just  opened,  tho  Seventh  proceeded 

attention,   mot  in    their  armory,  and  unanimously  at  once  to  Washington,  where,  it  arrived  tho  same 

volunteered  their  services  to  tho  Governor  of  tha  afternoon. 

State.     They  wcro  ueeepted,  and  on  Friday,  April        Without  los"  of  time  thoy  were  marched  up  Penu- 

19th,  nine  hundred  and   ninety-one  strong,  under  sylvunja  Avenue  to  tho  "Whitn  House,"  in  order  to 

tho  co.nmand    of  Colonel  Marshall  Lofforts,  com-  report  to    tho    President,   and   were    subsequently 

monced  their  march  to  Washington.     Forming  on  quartered  at  the  Capitol,  whence  they  were  soon 

Lafayette  Place,  opposite  tho  Astor  Library,  they  called   to  duty  at  Arlington    Heights.     This,   the 


most  threatening  position,  opposite  tho  City  o[ 
Washington,  they  soon  placed  in  a  condition  to 
cheek,  if  not  totally  arrest,  any  advance  likely  to  be 
made  by  the  Confederate  forces.  They  constructs', 
an  admirable  line  of  earthworks,  continuing  in 
active  duty  thero  in  accordance  with  orders  from 
tho  Government,  oven  after  the  period  for  which 
they  had  so  promptly  enlisted  under  the  President's 
proclamation. 

This  regiment,  which  had  everywhere  deservedly 
won  tho  highest  plaudits  for  its  fine  military  be- 
havior aud  discipline,  was,  unfortunately,  not  des- 
tined to  appear  again  as  tho  same  full  body  in  tho 
country's  service.  But  tho  admirable  training  it 
had  received  secured  at  once  for  many  of  its  men 
and  officers  such  leading  positions  as  would,  by 
some,  have  been  supposed  then  open  only  to  gradu> 
ates  of  the  United  States  Military  Academy,  and 
few  wero  tho  engagements  of  note  thereafter  oc- 
curring in  which  this  far-famed  organization  had 
not  one  or  moro  of  its  representatives. 

Well  may  the  North  bo  proud  of  its  achieve- 
ments, and  long  may  it  continue  in  tho  justly 
prominent  position  it  has  already  so 
long  occupied.  Two  days  after  tho 
departure  of  tho  Seventh  from  New 
York,  on  Sunday,  April  21st,  it  was 
followed  by  tho  Sixth,  Colonel  Pinck- 
noy;  tho  Twelfth,  Colonel  Buttorfield; 
tho  Seventy- first,  Colonel  Vosburg, 
nnd  within  ton  days  after  tho  call  of 
the  President  for  troops,  over  eight 
thousand  of  tho  National  Guard  of  tho 
State  of  Now  York,  fully  armed  and 
equipped,  hud  gone  forward  to  Wash- 
ington from  the  City  of  Now  York 
alone. 

MARSHALL  LEFFERTS. 
The  subject -or  this  sketch  wiu  bora  In 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  ia  1831.  lie  was  a  descend- 
ant of  one  at  the  old  Knickerbocker  famine* 
of  Long  Island.  Dur'jig  bis  active  bunineai 
life  [a  New  York  City  its  a  merchant,  he  look 
a  lively  interest  in  nnliinrv  nutters,  uml  early 
connected  him-elf  with  Ihe  Slate  Militia.  He 
wns  alio  one  of  the  lir-i  promoter"  of  Ibo  tcle- 
gjii]ili  business,  nnd  i  h'M'ly  idmiifii-d  iviili  t!i" 
progress  and  success  of  lis  development,  na 
well  us  with  iiuuiy  leading  niniiufiicturing  in- 
terests  of  (be  country.  He  furnished  the  first 
sine-plated  wire  used  for  telegraphic  pury'Hoi 
in  the  United  Siutea  ;  was  the  first  President  of 
tlie  New  York  and  New  England  nnd  of  tho 
New  York  State  Telegrupb  Companies,  nnd  nt 
the  lime  of  bis  death  was  President  of  the 
Gold  and  Slock  Trltgniph  Company  of  New 
York,  nnd  of  tho  Celluloid  Manufw  luring 
Company  of  Newark,  N.  J. 

But  it  was  as  colonel  of  the  famous  ScvonUi 

Regiment  of   New   York   that   be  was   more 

widely  known  !o  tho  country  at  large.     Under 

his  command  the  rv'venth  Iii'^iment  responded 

to  Ihe  culls  of  President  Lincoln,  and  In  1863 

was   stationed   ut   Frederick,   Sid.,   of  which 

plnce  Colonel  Lefforts  was  mnde  Military  Gov- 

ernor.    At  the  close  of  tho  war  he  tendered  his 

resignation  01  colonel,  hut  the  Governor  demurred  to  accept- 

log  it,  nud  offered  him  a  commission  as  brigadier-general. 

Colonel  Lcllcrts,  however,  wished  to  retire  from  bis  oclivo 

lifo  in  tho  service,  nnd  his  resignation  was  Dually  ueeepted. 

lie  died  suddenly,  July  3d,  1870,  whllo  en  rout,;  with  tho 
Veteran  Guard  of  lib  n-^imenl,  to  the  Centennial  Exhibition. 

ATTACK  ON  TEE  MASSACHUSETTS 
TROOPS  LN  BALTIMORE. 

Baltimore  was  on  tho  direct  highway  between 
tho  Northern  Slates  aud  Washington,  aud  all  troop3 
marching  to  the  defense  of  tho  National  Capital 
wero  naturally  to  pass  through  it.  The  people  of 
Maryland  wero  divided  in  opinions  and  sentiments, 
and  tho  indignity  to  tho  flag  of  tho  Government  at 
Sumter  bad  served  to  intensify  the  spirit  of  oppo- 
sition to  the  defenders  of  tho  national  life.  The 
lawless  clasa  in  tho  city,  possibly  incited  by  emis- 
saries from  tho  seceded  States,  determined  to  ob- 
struct tho  Northern  road,  and  thus  retard,  if  not 
entirely  prevent,  the  defense  of  the  National  Capital. 

Learning  of  the  approach  of  the  Massachusetts 
and  Pennsylvania  troops,  they  gathered  their  clans, 
and  on  the  approach  of  tho  train  with  tho  Sixth 
Massachusetts  Regiment,  representing  a  State 
regarded  justly  as  tho  leader  in  the 
Anti-Slavery  movement,  it  waa  an  easy 
matter  to  incite  the  mob  to  lawless  acta.  The 
better  class  of  the  people  of  Maryland  were  in  fuij 


Aran,  18B1. 


THE_  SIXTH    MASSACHUSETTS    SEGMENT    REPELLING    THE    Al 


THE_SD£IH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT    REPELLING    THE    ATTACK    OF    THE    MOB    IN    PRATT    STREET.    BALTIMORE.  APRIL    ISta.    Mil 


So 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OVR     CJV/t     WAR. 


sympathy  with  tho  Government,  and  deplored  tlie 
icte  iui'.l  threats  of  the  move  active,  violent  and 
aggressive  populnec.  This  class  had,  hut  a  month 
before,  threatened  the  life  of  the  President-elect 
should  ho  pass  through  Baltimore,  and  but  for  the 
priidenco  of  those  who  knew  tho  temper  of  the 
threntoners,  and  tho  strategy  of  the  radroad  officials, 
their  threats  would  have  led  to  serious  consequences. 
On  the  approach  of  tho  (rain  on  the  morning  of  tho 
Lath  of  April,  the  threatening  crowd  gathered  with 
all  speed  at  tho  station. 

The  engine  had  to  bo  loft,  and  horse3  attached  to 
eanh  car,  to  bo  drawn  through  the  city.  This 
separated  tho  train,  and  tho  first  cars  were  in 
advance  of  the  mob,  and  wore  greeted  only  by 
threats  and  curses.  As  car  after  car  was  dispatched, 
tho  soldiers  remained  quietly  seated.  The  last  of 
the  ears  wero  pelted  with  stones,  and  the  horses 
were  seized  and  stopped.  Tho  police  repeatedly 
drove  back  the  mob,  only  to  have  them  rush  up 
with  increased  strength. 

Nino  of  the  eleven  cars  passed  safely.  The  last 
two  were  stopped,  and  the  soldiers  were  ordered  to 
alight  and  march  to  tho  other  depot,  where  tho 
train  was  nuulo  up,  with  its  locomotive  ready  to 
speed  on  to  Washington.  They  formed,  amid 
furious  shouts  of  derision  and  defiance  from  tho 
mob.  Tho  staff  officers  were  in  advance,  and  the 
command  of  the  remnant  of  the  rflgunent  devolved 


and  after  waiting  two  hours  in  the  cars,  they  were 
obliged  to  return  to  Philadelphia. 

The  Baltimore  Sun  of  April  BOtli,  1861,  gave  the 
following  account  of  the  riot:  "  Yesterday  morn- 
ing the  excitement  which  had  been  graduallj 
rising  in  this  city  for  soino  days,  with  roferonee  t 
the  passage  of  Northern  volunteer  troops  south- 
ward, reached  its  climax  upon  the  arrival  of  the 
Massachusetts  and  otber  volunteers,  somo  from 
Philadelphia.  At  President  Street  depot,  at  half- 
past  ten  o'clock,  a  largo  crowd  had  assembled,  evi- 
dently to  give  them  an  unwelcome  reception. 

"  Six  of  the  cars  had  succeeded  in  passing  before 
tho  crowd  were  ablo  to  accomplish  their  purposo  of 
barricading  tho  way,  which  they  now  began  to  effect 
by  placing  seven  or  eight  large  anchors  lying  in  tho 
vicinity  across  the  track. 

"  Having  accomplished  this,  tho  crowd  com- 
menced cheering  for  Jpffrrxon  Davis,  South 
Carolina  and  secession,  with  groans  for  sundry 
obnoxious  parties.  The  troops  thus  delayed, 
remained  quietly  in  the  ears  until,  tired  of  their 
inaction,  and  apprehending  a  more  formidable 
demonstration,  they  came  to  the  conclusion  to  face 
tho  music  and  march  through  tho  city. 

"They  accordingly  abandoned  the  cars,  and  tho 
word  was  given  to  march,  and  the  head  of  tho  lino 
had  advanced  some  fifteen  pace?,  when  it  was  driven 
back  upon  tho  main  body  by  tho  Luiruonso  crowd. 


seen  through  the  car-windows,  wem  streaming  wil  h 
blood,  from  cuts  received  from  tho  shattered  glass 
of  the  car-windows,  and  from  missiles  hurled  at 

-'At  Gay  Btreet  the  soldiers  fired  a  number  of 
..bote,  th'  igh  without  hitting  any  one,  so  far  as 
oidd  b  a**  rtained.  After  firing  this  volley,  the 
soldiers  broko  into  a  run ;  but  nnother  shower  of 
atones  hoing  hurled  into  thoir  ranks  at  Commerce 
Street,  with  Buch  forco  as  to  knock  several  of  them 
down,  the  soldiers,  then  wheeled,  and  fired  somo 
twenty  shots,  but  from  their  stooping  and  dodging 
to  avoid  tho  stones,  but  four  or  five  shots  took 
effect ;  the  marks  of  a  greater  portion  of  their  halls 
being  visible  on  the  walls  of  the  adjacent  ware- 
houses, ovon  up  to  the  second  stories. 

"Horo  fonr  oitizons  fell.  Two  of  them  died 
in  a  fow  moments,  and  the  other  two  were  carried 
off,  supposed  to  bo  mortally  wounded.  As  soon  as 
tho  troops  had  fired  at  this  point,  they  again 
wheeled,  and  started  off  on  a  full  run,  when  some 
three  or  four  parties  issued  from  the  warehouses 
there,  and  fired  into  them,  which  brocght  down 
three  more  soldiers,  one  of  whom  died  in  a  few 
moments.  The  others  succeeded  in  regaining  meir 
feet,  and  proceeded  on  with  their  comrades,  tho 
wholo  running  as  fast  as  they  could,  and  a  running 
fire  was  kept  up  by  the  soldiers  from  this  point  to 
tno  doput;   tho  oruwd  coutiniing  to  hurl  stones 


BDlWrNG    OP   GUNPOWDER.    RRirifiE,  ON   THE   PHILADEI. 


sniN'fSTOTT   RAILROAD,   APRIL   10m,  1SJL 


on  Captain  Follansbeo.  of  Lowell.  Tie  called  upon 
tho  police  to  lead  the  way,  and  keeping  his  little 
band  in  eloso  ranks,  they  marched  on,  amid  showers 
of  brick.-:,  stones  and  missiles  of  all  kinds. 

A  bridge  had  been  torn  up,  and  the  soldiers  had 
to  cross  on  the  timbers.  This  broke  their  ranks, 
and  caused  somo  confusion,  whilo  many  were 
severely  hurt  by  the  flying  missiles.  At  this  junc- 
ture a  shot  was  fired  into  their  ranks  from  tho  mob, 
and  Captain  Pollansbeo  ordered  his  men  to  defend 
tl;  *m  selves.  Their  fire  was  answered  by  guns  and 
pistols,  as  well  as  paving-stones.  The  Mayor  of 
Baltimore  placed  himself  at  the  head  of  tho 
column,  and  tried  to  drive  back  tho  mob;  but  it 
bud  grown  to  a  surging  muss  of  infuriated  men, 
who  would  listen  to  no  appeal,  even  of  their  own 
municipal  head.  Here  wero  about  ono  hundred 
Massachusetts  troops  making  thoir  way  through 
thousands  of  rioters.  They  kept  in  close  ranks, 
and  marched  on,  only  stopping  to  wheel  and  fire 
when  tho  attack  became  unbearable. 

Thus  they  fought  their  way  for  ono  milo  through 
tho  streets  of  Baltimore.  On  rejoining  their  regi- 
ment at  the  Washington  depot.  Captain  Follansbeo 
and  his  little  band  wero  quickly  sheltered  in  the 
cars  of  tho  awaiting  train  ;  hut  tho  mob  continued 
to  obstruct  tho  track  with  telegraph-poles,  logs  and 
iron  anchors.  The  police  forco,  now  largely  rein- 
forced, removed  these  harriers,  and  tho  train  moved 
int  of  tho  depot  on  toward  Washington. 

In  tho  meantime  the  companies  of  Pennsylvania 
oil! tin,  unarmed  and  ununiformed,  wero  stopped  in 
a  Iran  ilosely  following  tho  Sixth  Massachusetts. 
These  iiHinoRrtem  Bnldinru  were  unmercif ully  stoned. 


still  further  increased  by  a  body  of  men,  who 
marched  down  to  the  depot,  bearing  at  their  head  a 
secession  flag. 

"Eight  of  the  cars  started,  and  six  passed  safely 
to  tho  Camden  Station.  Tho  other  two  returned, 
the  track  in  tho  meantime  having  been  obstructed 
at  Pratt  and  Gay  Street  by  anchors,  paving-stones, 
sand,  and  otber  dibris  at  hand. 

"After  considerable  delay,  it  was  determined  to 
mako  tho  attempt  to  march  tho  remaining  troops 
through  the  city,  only  sixty  of  whom  were  supplied 
with  arms.  The  remainder  wore  recruits,  and 
occupied  second-class  and  baggage-car3.  At  the 
head  of  this  column  on  foot  Major  Brown  placed 
himself,  walked  in  front,  and  exerted  all  his  in- 
fluence to  preserve  peace. 

"At  tho  corner  of  Fawn  Street  two  of  tho 
soldiers  wero  struck  with  stones  and  knocked  down. 
One  of  them  was  taken  by  tho  police  ,o  the  drug- 
store of  T.  J.  Pitt,  at  Pratt  and  High  Street,  nud 
the  other  to  tho  Eastern  Police  Station. 

"Tho  stono3  flew  thick  and  fast,  and  continued 
until  tho  corner  of  Gay  street  was  reached,  when 
the  troops  fired.  Several  persons  fell  on  tho  first 
round,  and  tho  crowd  bocaino  furious. 

"-A  nnmher  of  revolvers  were  used  by  tho  crowd, 
and  their  shots  took  effect  in  tho  ranks.  The 
firing  continued  from  Frederick  Street  to  South 
Street,  in  quick  succession.  At  Howard  and  Dover 
Street  the  troops  in  ono  of  tho  cars  fired  into  tho 
crowd.  The  balls  struck  tho  brick  walls  of  tho 
dwelling-houses.  Several  soldiers  wero  wonnded 
here,  but  no  citizens  were  struck  by  tho  ballots  of 
the  soldiers.     Tho  faces  ot  manv  of  the  soldiers,  as 


and  other  missiles  into  ".he  ranks  throughout  the 
wholo  lino  of  march. 

"The  mob  wore  kept  posted  between  the  depots 
by  men  on  horseback,  who  rode  back  and  forth. 
Finally,  crowds  rushing  pollmell  from  the  lower 
streets  toward  the  depot  gave  notice  that  the  cars 
wero  coming,  and  they  arrived  ono  after  the  other, 
each  drawn  by  four  horses.  Tho  blinds  of  most  of 
tho  cars  wore  shut  down,  and  in  those  not  provided 
with  blinds,  tho  troop3  laid  down  flat,  to  avoid  tho 
bricks  thrown  at  them.  The  car-windcrfs  wero 
perfectly  riddled,  and  their  sides  bore  great  indenta- 
tions from  tho  rocks  nud  bricks  horicd  at  them. 

"  Tho  scene  whilo  the  troops  were  changing  ears 
was  indescribably  fearful.  Taunts,  clothed  in  tho 
most  fearful  language,  were  hurled  at  them  by  the 
panting  crowd,  who,  almost  breathless  with  run- 
ning, passed  up  to  the  car-windows,  presenting 
knives  and  revolvers,  and  cursed  up  into  the  faces 
of  the  soldiers.  Tho  police  were  thrown  in  between 
tho  ears,  and  formed  a  barrier ;  tho  troops  changed 
cars,  many  of  thorn  cocking  their  muskets  as  they 
stepped  on  the  platform. 

"After  embarking,  the  assemblage  expected  to 
see  the  train  moved  ;  but  it  was  delayed,  in  the  vain 
hope  that  the  crowd  would  disperse.  But  no,  it 
swollod,  nnd  tho  troops  expressed  to  the  officers 
of  tho  rood  their  determination  to  go  at  once,  or 
thoy  would  leavo  tho  cars,  and  mako  thoir  way  to 
,  ronhington. 

"A  wild  ory  was  raised  on  the  platform,  nt"  n 
donso  crowd  ran  down  tho  long  platform  and  otrt 
on  tho  railroad  '.rack  toward  tho  Spring  Gordons, 
until  tho  trnok.  ^or  .  milo  was  blank  with  in  excited 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL      WAR. 


61 


rushing  mass.  Great  logB,  telegraph  -poles,  re- 
quiring a  dozen  or  more  men  to  move  them,  were 
laid  across  the  rails. 

'■  A  body  of  police  followed  after  the  crowd,  both 
on  a  full  run.  and  removed  obstructions  as  fast  as 
lliey  were  put  on  the  track.  The  police  interfered 
on  every  occasion  ;  but  the  crowd,  growing  larger 
and  more  ej  cited,  would  dash  oil  at  a  break  neck 
run  for  another  position  further  on,  until  the 
county  hue  was  reached.  When  the  train  went 
out.  the  mass  of  people  had  almost  returned  to  tin- 
depot. 

"  The  names  of  the  killed  in  the  attack  are  given 
in  the  following  list,  also  the  wounded  The  names 
of  some  of  the  soldiers  killed -A.  O.  Whitney, 
Luther  C.  Ladd.  Soldiers  wounded- Asa  Need- 
ham,  Michael  Green,  D.  B.  Tyler,  Edward  Colvin, 
H.  W,  Danforth,  William  Patch. 

"Three  unknown  citizens  killed- Eobort  W. 
Davis  Philips  Mills,  John  McMahon,  William  R. 
Clark.  John  McCann,  James Carr.  Sebastian  Giles, 
William  Malouey,  Michael  Murphy. 

"  Citi/ens  wounded  -James  Myers,  mortally  ; 
Coaly,  William  Reed,  and  boy  unknown." 

As  in  the  case  of  all  riots,  a  great  many  of  the 
wounded  were   carried  oft 
by  their  friends,  thus  not 
being  reported. 

BURNING 

OPTHB 

GUNPOWDER  BRIDGE 

On    tho     night    of    April 
19th,    lfiGl     Marshal    Kane 
mid  ex  Governor   Lowe,   of        u 
Maryland,  accompanied  by 
Major    Brown    and    his 
brother      hastened    to    the    £ 
office  o(   Charles    Howard,     uth.  just  ns  the  ships 
had  been  sunk,  Captain  Paulding  came  upin  the 
Pawnee,  with  orders  from  the  Secretary  of  the 
Navy  to  relieve  McCauley,  take  command  of  the 
ships  and  Yard.nnd  save  or  destroy  tho  public  prop- 
erty. Paulding  had  added  one  hundred  marines 
to  his  crew  at  Washington,  and  at  Fortress  Monroe 
ho  was  reinforced  by  Colonel  David  W.  Warduff 
nud  three  hundred  and  fifty  Massachusetts  volun- 
teers who  had  arrived  the  same  day.  Captain 
Paulding  saw  that  the  scuttled  ships  could  easily 
be  raised  and  used  by  tho  Confederates,  and  that, 
with  but  two  ships  atloataad  his  small  land  force, 
he  could  not  defend  the  Navy  Yard.  He  at  once 
decided  to  apply  tho  torch  and  burn  the  prop- 
erty he  could  not  rescue  and  earry  off.  Trusted 
and  efficient  officers  and  men,  including  Lieu- 
tenant J.  H.  Russell,  Captain  Charles  Wilkes,  Com- 
modore Allen,  Sands  and  Rogers.  Captain  Wright. 
and  Lieutenant  H.  A.  Wise,  were  each  assigned 
to  special  duties,  to  make  the  destruction  nn 
thorough  and  speedy  as 
possible,  and  the  troops, 
marines,  sailors,  and  work- 
men who  had  remained 
true  to  the  ilng  of  their 
Government,  wero  taken  on 
board  tho  Pawnee  and 
Cumber  la  rid  and  the 
Yankee  Captain  Gorman, 
fastened  her  hawser  to  the 
Cumberland  ready  to  low 
her  out  of  danger. 

Captain  Paulding  then 
sent  up  a  rocket,  and  tho 
incendiaries  applied  the 
match.  Tho  spectacle  of 
the  conflagration  was  a. 
surprise  to  the  inhabitants 
and     to     tho      Confederate 


It      lit      up      tho 


STEAM-TUG   ■' DNCLE   BEN"  SEIZED   BY  TRE   SECESSIONISTS  AT   WILMINGTON,  N.  C. 
APRIL  20th.    16111. 


at  all  hazard,  using  force,  if  necessary,  to  prevent 
their  seizure,  either  by  mob  violence,  organized 
effort,  or  assumed  authority.  Captain  Paulding 
advised  and  directed  the  frigate  Cumberland  to  he 
moved  in  position  to  cover  the  harbor,  the  Navy 
Yard,  the  cities  of  Norfolk  and  Portsmouth,  and 
the  channel  through  which  they  were  approached. 
With  these  arrangements  of  precaution  completed, 
Captain  Paulding  left  for  Washington,  April  17th. 

Mr.  Isberwood,  the  same  day,  had  the  Merrimac 
ready  for  sea,  and  proposed  to  Commodore  McCau- 
ley that  the  fires  be  lighted  and  the  frigate  got 
under  steam  before  other  obstructions  be  placed  in 
the  river.  McCauley  said  :  "To-morrow  will  do." 
The  fires  were  lighted  the  next  morning,  and  every 
one  ready  for  departure  The  commodore,  again 
suggested  delay.  Mr.  Isberwood  reminded  himthat 
the  orders  were  peremptory ;  but  the  vessel  was 
not  ordered  off,  the  fires  were  putoutnnd  the  ATer- 
rimac  remained  at  anchor.  Commodore  McCauley 
afterward  explained  to  the  Naval  Department  that 
he  was  influenced  by  the  advice  of  his  junior  ofli- 
cers,  whom  he  believed  to  bo  true  to  their  flag,  but 
who.  when  they  heard  of  the  secession  of  Virginia, 
resigned  to  join  the  Confederates. 

General  Taliaferro,  in  command  of  the  Confeder- 
ate forces,  occupiud  Norfolk,  and  on  the  isth  of 
April,  with  the  aid  of  the  naval  officers  lately  re- 
signed, and  who  had  already  arranged  with  the 
workmen  in  tho  Yard,  determined  to  seize  the 
station.     They  waited  one  day  for  reinforcements 

from  Richmond  and  Petersburg  with  heavy  rifled      She  sailed  from  New  York  on  April  6th.  1861,  and 
cannon  and  ammunition.     McCauley  sent  word  to      anchored  in  the  harbor  of  Wilmington,  N,  C,  on 


sountry    for 

and  the  heavy  loaded  guns 
on  the  Pennsylvania  dis- 
charging as  the  fire  reached 
them  added  to  the  grand- 
eur of  the  scone.  With 
the  elements  of  destruc- 
tion in  full  possession,  tho 
Pawnee,  and  Yankee  with 
the  Cumberland  in  tow, 
steamed  down  the  river, 
and  the  officers  and  men 
left  on  shore  reached 
them  in  small-  boats,  ex- 
cept Commodore  Rogers 
and  Captain  Wright,  who  were  unable  to  secure  a 
boat,  and  were  taken  at  day  break  prisoners  of  war 
hy  the  Confederates. 

The  fire,  as  far  as  accomplishing  the  full  destruc- 
tion of  the  property,  was  ineffective.  The  ship- 
houses,  barracks  and  lofts  were  destroyed,  but  the 
dry  dock,  the  heavy  ordnance,  the  machine  shops, 
the  ordnance  buildings,  foundries,  sawmill,  pro- 
visions aad  officers'  quarters,  were  saved.  The 
ships  that  were  scuttled  and  fired  were  but  partly 
destroyed,  and  the  Confederates  gained  the  use  of 
the  Merrimac.  Haritun  and  Plymouth,  by  their 
raising  and  repairs,  which  were  readily  made  in 
the  Yard.  On  the  21st  Ihe  Confederates  seized 
Fort  Norfolk.  300.00(1  pounds  of  powder,  and  large 
quantities  of  loaded  shells. 

Butteries  were  erected  at  Se well's  Point  and 
Craney  Island,  and  supplied  with  tho  heavy  guns 
from  the  Navy  Yard.  This  gave  the  Confederates 
the  control  of  the  harbor  of  Norfolk,  as  well  as 
valuable  materials  of  war.  Within  one  week  after 
the  evacuation  of  Sumter  the  Confederates  had 
possession  of  Harper's  Ferry  and  Gosport  Navy- 
Yard- important  preliminary  movements  looking 
to  the  seizure  of  the  national  capital. 

"UNCLE  BEN." 

TnE  steam  tut'  Uncle  Ben  was  owned  by  Messrs. 

Johnson  &  Hit-em's,  merchants  of  Wall  Street.  New 

York,  and  was  commanded  by  Captain  W.  H.  Dare. 


HIJKN1NG    OF    THK    OOSPOKT    NAVY 


HUJtNlNG    OF    THK    UOSPORT     NAVT     f AED-  NORFOLK,    VA,     APRIL    2l"r.    18til 


64 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


W"*'.'        ■ -•-     ■"  '■ '  urn"*""' 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


REDHU1TINQ   FOR   THE   HAWKINS    NEW   YOHK    ZOUAVES. 


iho  30th.  In  the  afternoon  of  tlmt  day  she  was 
joarded  and  seized  by  a  body  of  armed  Secessionists, 
■nd  lier  captain  and  pilot  wore  imprisoned. 

After  eleven  days'  confinement  they  wore  re- 
leased by  the  interposition  of  the  Capo  Fcor  Plying 
rirtillory.  They  were  convoyed  by  the  Alba,  a  Now 
York  vessel,  Captain  Powell,  to  Now  York.  Tho 
Undo  Ben  was  held  by  its  captors, 

BURNING   OF  THE  U.S.  AltSENAL  AT 
HARPER'S  FERRY. 

Tni;  village  of  Harper's  Ferry.  Va.,  obtained  a 
iad  celebrity  in  tho  Autumn  of  135ft,  through  what 
ib  known  as  tho  "John  Brown  raid";  and  was  again, 
mi  April  13th,  1SC1,  brought  into  prominent  notice 


by  tho  burning  of  tho  United  States  Arsenal  at  that 
place  by  the  United  Slates  forces,  to  prevent  its 
falling  into  the  hands  of  tlio  insurgent  troops  who 
endeavored  to  seize  it.  Tho  Arsenal,  containing 
a  largo  quantity  of  machinery  and  arms,  was  gar- 
risoned by  a  small  detachment  of  United  States 
Rifles,  numbering  about  forty  men,  under  com- 
mand of  Lieutenant  Roger  Jones. 

Having  been  apprised  of  tho  approacn  of  an  ovor- 
A  iwl  whelming  forco  of  insurgent  troops, 
under  instructions  from  the  Governor 
of  tho  Slate  of  Virginia,  to  seize  on  tho  Arsenal, 
Lieutenant  Jones  instantly  sot  fire  to  trains  of  gun- 
powder that  had  been  previously  laid,  and.  three 
minutes  afte.'ward,  both  of  tlio  Arsenal  buildings, 
containing  the  arms,  together  with  tho  carpenter's 


shop,  which  was  at  tho  upper  end  of  a  largo  and 
connected  series  of  workshops  i>f  tho  armory  proper, 
were  in  a  blaze. 

Every  window  in  tho  building  1  ,ul  been  thrown 
open,  so  as  to  increase  tho  fury  of  lao  conflagration. 
When  this  work  was  accomplished.  Lieutenant  Jones 
and  his  littlo  garrison  crossed  tho  Potomac,  over  the 
covered  bridge,  followed  by  an  excited  crowd  oi 
citizens,  who  threatened  him  with  tho  direst  ven- 
geance. He  wheeled  bis  men  at  tho  bridge  and 
threatened  to  fire  upon  tho  pursuors,  when  they 
fell  back.  Ho  then  fled  up  the  oanal,  crossed  tlio 
hills,  and,  wading  streams  and  swamps,  readied 
Hagerstowii  at  about  seven  o'clock  in  the  morn- 
ing. There  ho  r  .-ocured  vehielos  to  convey  hit 
command   to   Chamborsburg,    Pa,  and    Mionco   he 


I     .tyjir-fTf-'  irt-Mflp 


T"E   NAVA 


66 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


(rent  by  railway  to  Carlisle  Barratke, 
toeir  destination,  where  thery  arrived  od 
the  afternoon  of  the  19th.'  The  Gov- 
ernment highly  ("KirirPitiwi  Lien 
tenant  Jonus  for  hia  Indicioae  aut  nod 
his  officers  and  men  for  their  gcou  con 
duct;  and  the  commander  was  fmmp 
diately  promoted  to  the  office  of  Aes  ul- 
nae Quartermaster  ■  General.  wiU  "J" 
rank  of  Captain. 

WT3JJA31  SHiAGIJiS 
Boiw  at  Cranston,  It  L,  Scplembct  12tb 
1830;  snijngcd  Id  tbo  print-works  established 
by  bis  grandfather ;  became  a  partner  on  [ho 
leoth  of  hi*  father  in  1S14 :  wns  Governor  of 
Rluxk  Island,  1850-8.  Id  IBfll  offend  n  n^i- 
(ind  battery  to  President  Lincoln,  with 
Rbieh  In-  look  [lie  Held,  having  a  commission 
8  brigadier-general ;  was  present  nt  the  Mile 
of  Bull  Run,  where  lie  had  "  bona  shot  under 
was  in  several  oilier  nciioni  during  ihc 
Peninsulnr  Ctunpiihm  iu  1803.  In  1803  was 
obosun  United  States  Senator;  re-elected  in 
.803.  his  term  closing  in  187'..  and 
Jiving  retired  ;it  Proiidcuco,  It  1 


RHODE   ISLAND    VOLUNTEERS. 
Within  five  days  after  the  President's 
call  for  75,000  troops,  the  Rhode  Island 
Marino  Artillery,   with   eight  gtms  and 
one  hundred  and  ten  horses,  commanded 
hy  Colonel    Tompkins,   passed   through 
"*'9W  York  od     their   Tray  to  Washing. 
(on,  and  the  First  Regiment  of  infantry, 
:,200   strong,    under    Colonel   Ambrose 
B.  Buniskle,   was    ready    to    move.     It 
am  composed  of  many  of  the  wealthier 
I    "*t  ian        citizens  of  the   State,    and 
accompanied  by  the  yotith- 
Rul  and  patriotic  Doinooratio  Governor, 
William    Spniguu,    who    had,    from    uia 
■private  purse,  armed  and  equipped  (he  regiment, 
■  is  well  as  contributed  to  the  geueral  war  fund. 
I    The  little  State,  by  an  Act  of  the  Leg'slaturo, 
lander  a  call  of  Governor  Spraguo  for  on  extra 
■session,  held  on  tbo  18th  of  May,  1801,  appropri- 
i.ed  half  a  million  dollars  for  equipping  volunteors. 


SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR.  $~ 

mountain    lange,    a    cuimim   of  trwpn, 

petfoc:    ua    d4c!pline    and    oficir>T"r  ■. 

■<-.■-,.  j&    -*qgs  noyoai  any  which  had  yet  mustered  te 

p£%y  the  national  color?,  rushed  to  the  rescue 

of  the  monaced  capital. 

"Sot   only   the   officers  of  the   regi- 
ment, but  the  Governor  and  Lieutennnt- 
j^Bt  governor,  led  the  van,  bearing  with  them 

^J^         ^gKnJKtfl-  'he  sovereignty  of  the  State.     With  (lit 

/ "  "^^*  side-arms  of  the  officers  and  the  shoul- 

dered muskets  of  the  privates,  can_e,  in 
me  simple  blouse  of  their  uniform,  the 
representatives  of  more  than  180,000,000 
of  wealth.  No  such  event  has  ever  bo- 
fore  been  recorded  in  war,  nor  has  there 
been  seen,  by  the  past  or  present  gen 
oration,  such  an  impersonation  of  the 
muscle  and  the  material  aid  of  a  cam- 
paign upon  its  muster  and  within  its 
roll-call.  Ita  moral  influence  has  been 
immense,  and  ho  who,  hereafter,  shall 
ivritc  the  chronicle  of  what  has  been,  anil 
is  yet  to  bo,  in  this  strife,  will  note  this 
as  the  pivot  npon  which  tbo  divided 
KvV.  North  wheeled  into  a  compact  and  solid 

"&t         form  of  resistance  to  rebellion." 

^vlHpT  Jv       |                ^^  TnK  Cnited  States  Govern  met  t   paid, 

■■'       /V'/Z/MmifM^^i^^ "         "^i*      ■      '';S  l"1    '     ''''     r'    ■"■'            •   """<>   enlisted 

V'    \f.:   \  //■'"' -y\\W'r-    ^l;;^--Z-         ^sS"v  "■  in  response  te  tbo  first  call  of  the  Pro 

■'■■-''■■"            ';'1''       '    WW^"~       - --_       .*-\  aidettt  as  foUowa : 

'■■      '■  9     m,   -S^  A  Colonel      .      .  ...      .ins  00 

V..  I     V/lfMZeSZ'  Vi      ,  -:     -  N-  Lfc-utrnnnt-colone!  .      .      ,        10-10(1 

'".■Z^"  VV       yL>  V  Major 175  CI 

"V  Captain 103  60 

blna  Lieutenant 108  6U 

Second  Lieutenant  .      ,      .        108  (K 

Hrcvel  Second  Lieutenant        .      .     103  00 
flret,  or  Orderly  Sergeant  .      .  2S  00 

WILT.TAM    SPRAGUE,  {rtn""  Sergeants 37  00 

.",.  Corporals  ...  22  00 

'""    ■""'  oovBEHon  ov  buobe  IBI.AMH  iMvates    .      .      .      ....     MM 

Musicians 2!  00 

The  New  York  Tribune,  speaking  of  the  prompt  UfL^rs  were  required  to  provide  their  own 
response  of  IElu.de  Island  to  ihe  President's  call  for  uniforms  and  equipments,  hnt  the  men  received 
volunteers,  said  ;  their  clothing    and   arms  from  the   Fedora;   Gov 

Uoforo  the  I  resident  bad  stirred  the  heart  of  eminent.  This  rate  of  pay  wn№  "onsiderabl? 
tht,  country  with  his  proclamation,  ringing  in  toug  changed  when  further  calis  were  made  dnrinjc 
reverberations,  like  a   bugle  blast,  from   coaat    w    the  progress  of  the  to- 


T  IE  "T1A"B   BTBAM-nlm.   OAt"TTBEII    BY   nEWKKAl    BUYijffl  B    OUU&BI1    KEAB    TRf.    HKLAT    ROFSF.   MW. 


ts 


THE    SOLDIER     IN     OtTR     CIVIL     WAR. 


THE  U.  S.  NAVAL  ACADEMY 
AT  ANNAPOLIS. 
On  August  7th,  1815,  George  Ban 
croft,  Secretary  of  the  Navy  uudei 
President  Polk,  issned  orders  for  the 
establishment  of  a  Naval  School,  mid 
instmeted  Commander  Franklin  Bu- 
chanan (who  subsequently  commanded 
the  Confederate  ironclad  Merrimao, 
and  was  afterward  taken  prisoner  by 
Admiral  Farragut  in  Mobile  Harbor) 
to  open  a  naval  school  in  Fort  Severn, 
Annapolis  Harbor,  Maryland. 

October  10th,  18-iS,  the  school  wai 
formally  opened,  and  the  object  of  tho 
enterprise,  with  course  of  instruction, 
was  set  forth  as  follows:  "  To  collect 
the  midshipmen,  who,  from  time  to 
time,  are  on  shore,  and  give  them 
occupation  during  their  stay  on  land  ■ 
in  the  study  of  mathematics,  nautical 
astronomy,  theory  of  morals,  inter- 
national law,  gunnery,  the  use  of 
steam,  the  Spanish  and  Freneli  lan- 
guages, and  other  branches  essential 
in  the  present  day  to  the  accomplish- 
ment of  a  naval  officer."  There  were 
present  fifty-six  midshipmen  and  eight 
instructors.  The  buildings  in  the  fort 
were  found  sufficient  for  instruction- 
rooms,  quarters  and  mesa. 

In  1846  Congress  appropriated 
ј28,21.10  to  support  the  School,  and  a 
like  sum  in  1847.  At  the  end  of  1847 
the  School  numbered  ninety  midship- 
men in  attendance.  In  1S49  the  in- 
stitution was  reorganized  by  a  special 
hoard  of  naval  officers,  who  were  in- 
structed to  make  the  course  of  in- 
struction and  the  regulations  conform 
to  the  system  pursued  at  the  Military 
Academy  at  West  Point.  The  title  of 
the  institution  was  changed  from 
Naval  School  to  United  States  Naval 
Academy. 

In  1851,  the  duration  of  tho  course 
of  study  was  fixed  at  four  years,  tlio 
number  of  instructors  was  increas 
to  eleven,  and  the  sloop-of-war  Prchle 
was  assigned  to  the  Academy  ai 
practice-ship,  and  for  the  Summer 
cruise  of  three  and  a  half  months  cnull 
year.  A  board  of  visitors  was  alno 
provided  for  each  year  to  annually  i 
spcet  the  Academy,  and  report  to  Con- 
gress its  condition. 

During  the  first  year  of  our  Civil 
War,  Annapolis  became  an  important 
military  depot,  being  occupied  by  Gel 
oral  Butler  as  a  rendezvous  fur  troo]^ 
en  route  to  the  defence  of  the  capital 
The  Academy,  with  its  apparatus,  and 
such  of  its  corps  of  instructors  and 
cadets  as  did  not  join  the  Confederacy] 
was  transferred  to  Newport,  II.  I" 
where  it  continued  until  the  close  <'f 
tin*  war,  when  it  returned,  September! 
1965,  to  its  original  home  at  Annap- 
olis, The  list  of  successive  superin- 
tendents is  as  follows :  Commando!  ; 
Franklin  Buchanan,  1845-7;  Com- 
mander George  P.  Upshur,  1847-50; 
Captain  C.  K.  Stribbling,  1S50-3 ;  Cap 
tain  L.  II.  Goldsborougli,  1853-7; 
Commander  George  S.l'.lake,  18ft7-li-'i 
Vice-admiral  D.  T).  Porter,  1665-0; 
Bear-admiral  John  L.TVrorden,ia69-7^ 
K*.r-adrairal  C.  It.  P.  Rogers,  1874. 

The  departments  of  study  are  (-ap- 
plied with  all  the  paraphernalia  of 
actual  naval  warfare,  including  guns 
of  the  various  calibre  ;  ships,  from  the 
steam-launch  to  the  steam-frigate  on| 
ironclad;  a  complete  workshop  una 
foundry.  Steam  engineering,  g"0- 
neiy,  pliilosophy,  chemistry,  and  as- 
tronomy, are  illustrated  by  the  latest 
and  most  approved  apparatus ;  and  tlio 
Summer  cruise  each  year  perfects  tie 
cadet  midshipman  in  naval  warfare. 


THE     SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR 


4WNAP0LIS  AND   BALTIMORE  OCCUPIED 
BY  GENERAL  BUTLER. 

On  the  18th  of  April,  General  Benjamin  F. 
Butler,  who  had  boen  placed  by  Governor  Andrew 
jn  co  hi  mi  mi  I  of  the  first  contingent  of  Massachusetts 
troops  raised  under  President  Lincoln's  proclama- 
tion, left  Boston  with  the  Eighth  Regiment,  Colonel 
Timothy  Monroe,  reaching  Philadelphia  late  tho 
following  day.     There  he  heard  of  the  attack  which 

had  been  made  that  morning  on  tho 

Sixth  Massachusetts  Regiment,  while 
passing  through  Baltimore,  and,  after  consultation 
with  the  commander  of  the  recently-created  "De- 
partment of  Washington,"  Major-general  Robert 
Patterson,  as  well  as  with  Commodore  Ihipont, 
then  in  charge  of  tho  League  Island  Navy  Yard, 
Philadelphia,  it  was  decided  to  proceed  to  Washing- 
ton by  way  of  Annapolis, 

Before  noon  of  the  20th,  on  arriving  at  Havre  do 
Grace,  and  not  meeting  with  the  armed  resistance 
which    many  had   led   him    to   expect,  he   rmidly    insurgents  were  o 
embarked  the  regiment  on  the  powerful  for  y boat    aid  of  tho  Mari/h 

Maryland,  which  hitter  yet  remained  in  charge  of    place  of  safety,  and  left  in  charge  of  her  late  gallant 
her  regular  ere w,  and  arrived  ac  Annapolis  shortly    commander,  Captain  Blake,  who  was  directed    to 
after  midnight,  fnrtwjati'ly  in   time  to   save    the    keep  the  guns  trained  upon  tho  river-hanks, 
frigate  Caiwtitutii  n  ("  Old  Ironsides"),  which  some        Iu  aiding  the  frigate,  however,  the  ferryboat  got 


n  the  point  of  seining.     With  tho 
nil,  the  old  vessel  was  towed  to 


60 

aground,  and  foroibl;  remained  so  till  tn€  loilowinj, 
day,  adding  to  the  already  great  discominrts  of  the 
troop3  on  board,  and  naturally  intensifying  the 
anxiety  of  General  Butlor,  who  foresaw  tho  serious 
complications  which,  in  the  then  oicited  condition 
of  affairs,  every  minute's  delay  might  bring.  Noi 
can  it  well  be  conjectured  how  much  more  compro- 
mising tho  position  would  have  become  had  not  Ihu 
Seventh  Regiment  of  Now  York  City,  in  command 
of  Colonel  Marshall  Letlorts,  having  sailed  by 
steamer  from  Philadelphia,  arrived  on  tho  seonc. 
and  not  only  thus  aided  the  landing  of  the  Eigh-h 
Massachusetts  Rogimont,  but  strengthened  mate- 
rially the  available  military  force  placed  within  the 
general's  immediate  roach. 

Both  regiments  wore  quartered  at  tho  United 
States  Naval  Academy,  in  opposition  to  Governor 
Thomas  H.  Hicks,  whoso  recent  protest,  addressed 
to  President  Lincoln,  against  tho  lauding  of  troops 
upon  the  soil  of  Maryland,  had  met  with  no  stonier 
a  rebuke  at  the  hands  of  our  then  able  Secretary  of 
State,  William  H.  Seward,  thau  that  administered 
by  General  Butler,  who.  besides  taking  decided 
unihrage  nt  the  Governor's  unllattering  designation 
of  the  force  under  his  command,  took  occasion  to 
romind  tho  Governor  that  his  troops  wore  not 
"Northern    troup3,"  but  "a    part    of    tho    whole 


THE  BOUqBET  BiTTBEY,  COlLUAMDINa  THE  VIADUCT  OYER  THE  PATAP5CO  KTVBB, 

lfEAJi  THE  IlELAY  HOUSE. 


AJSI)  itUlO   IlAILKUAIi 


7№ 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CIVIL     WAR. 


7' 


jiilitia  of  the  United  (States,  obeying  U"  t"U  of 
tha  President" 

Tito  further  progress  of  the  troops  waa  impeded 
by  the  tearing  up  of  much  of  tho  line  of  tho  Anna- 
polis and  Elk  Kid  go  Railway,  as  well  as  the  destruc- 
tion of  nil  that  company's  rolling  stock,  which  hud 
taken  place  *h"  previous  day.  It  was,  therefore, 
determined  to  rebuild  the  road  at  once,  and  placo 
the  disabled  engines  in  ninriir.ff  order,  tho  more 
readily  to  procure  long-needed  .supplies  for  tl>o  men, 
and  in  order  to  open  a  way  for  tho  additional  troops 
which  were  expected  soon  to  follow.  The  work, 
though  difficult  under  tho  circumstances,  was  com- 
pleted on  tho  24th  of  April,  with  tho  help  of  skilled 
workmen,  now  volunteer  soldiors,  nnd  the  two  regi- 
ments thon  left  Annapolis  for  tho  Junction,  which 
they  reached  the  following  day.  It  waa  then  de- 
cided thai  the  Eighth  Ma^.si^linsetts  would  remain 
to  hold  tho  road  just  opeiu...  while  the  Seventh 
new  York  should  proceed  to  Washington. 

The  Seventh  reached  its  destination  tho  same 
evening,  and  with  tho  Sixth  Massachusetts,  as  well 
j  a  few  companies  of  Pennsylvania  troop3.  already 


Mills,    the 
w inch  had 


listing 
Lute  i 


ahiedy  to  aid  .a  :n<.  omLctenance  of  the  ln"s.  ami 
appealing  to  the  good  faith  of  the  people.  From  it 
we  extract  the  following : 

"  .  .  .  .  A  detachment  of  the  forces  of  the  Federal  Got 
cromenl  under  lay  command  have  occupied  the  City  cil 
Baltimore  fur  I  In-  pLirjM-.-.  muring  olhers  Uiiujp,  nf  cnfonitiu 
respect  unit  obedience  to  the  law*  as  well  of  the  Stale,  if  to 
quested  luerelo  by  tho  civil  authorities,  as  ol  Jic  United 
Suites  laws,  which  are  being  violated  within  its  limit*  by 
some  malifunnt  and  traitorous  men,  and  lit  order  to  testify 
il.e  acceptance  by  tho  Federal  Government  of  the  fart  Ihiit 
the  city  and  all  the  weU-Inlcntioned  portion  of  Its  iuhnbitnnls 
an-  loyal  to  tbu  Union  and  l-o  Constitution,  and  nro  to  be  so 
regarded  and  treated  by  all.  To  the  end,  therefore,  that  nil 
misunderstanding  "I  I'"'  purr**'  "[  lln  fJnvi rnuicnl  mny  1m 
p  rev  en  ltd,  nnd  lo  set  nt  nsl  all  urifoninli-l  t  U-j-  tnd  -n  I  ili.  an 
mtiom ;  to  relievo  all  npprehc nsiont,  if  any  bit  felt,  by  the 

well-disposed  portion  of  the  community,  nnd  la  m  iki  H  Urar 

oughly  understood  hy  all  traitors,  their  aiders  and  nhctlore, 

that  rebellious  acta  must  cease,  I  hereby,  by  tbu  autboril) 

justly    celohrated    Winana    steam-gun,     vested  iu  me  us  commander  of  the  Department  of  Annapolis, 

just  been  finished  by  its  invontor  Dick-     of  wLiu1'  Bntiiuioro  forms  a  purt.  do  now  command  ami 

1  was  expected  to  revolutionize  the  then     "1,lli"  ,li",""  d,  ""I1  n"  ,l,'-v"1  ,,r  w.-lMi.n<."wl  . ■mien  will  l" 

.  ,  .  aistiirlml  m  hm  lawful  m-i  u]  nil  inn  ,.r  Ijii-iih-.i;  (lin:  privatu 

*i? '".  afuV^9"      L     B  .,  property  will  nut  I*  interfered  with  by  the  men  under  my 

i  tne  Utn  of  May,  the  first  small  detach-     command,  or  allowed  to  be  interlcad  with  by  uihem  except 


BATTERY   ON    KLK    RTDGE,  SEAR   TITE   RELAY    HOUSE,  COMMANDING 


TFIE    WASHINGTON    BRANCH   OK   TtlF.   BALTIMORE   AND    OHIO   n.VILROAD 


it  I  ho  eily,  nnd  which  were  tho  fust  volunteers  that 
reached  Wtshiiig-ton,  constituted,  strange  though 
i  may  appear,  a  total  military  force  of  about  two 
gpuaand  man  available  for  the  defense  of  the  capital 
'he  "  Department  of  Annapolis,"  including  the 
■xmntry  for  twenty  miles  on  either  side  of  tho  rail- 
cay  leading  to  Washington,  was  then  created  by 
Lie:  :cnan'.-gounral  Scott,  who  placed  General  But- 
it  its  head,  with  full  discretionary  powers.  By 
ond  of  April  there  had  assembled  at  Annapolis, 
which  was  thou  practically  the  key  to  the  only  open 
■oad  to  Washington,  a  force  of  ten  thousand  men. 

Ou  tho  -ith  of  May,  Genera]  Butler  issued 
trdora  for  tho  dispatching  from  Washington  of 
bo  Eighth  New  York,  under  tho  command  of 
jplonel  Lyons ;  Major  A.  M.  Cooks  Boston  Light 
Artillery,  -md  ihe  already  famous  Sixth  Mas- 
sachusetts, and,  with  this  force,  ha  proceeded 
following  day  to  within  a  few  miles  of  Balti- 
more,  seizing  tho  Relay  House,  which 
was  then,  as  now,  a  very  important 
tation  at  the  junction  of  the  railway  lines  leading 
Washington  arid  tc  Harper's  Ferry.  It  was 
vhilo  General  Butler  was  at  the  Relay  House  per- 
ecting  his  plans  that  the  Eighth  New  York  and 
ilajor  Cook'e  artillery   forco  captured,  at  Ellicott 


ment  of  troops  was  sent  toward  Baltimore.  On 
tho  following  evening,  during  the  prevalence  of 
a  frightful  rainstorm.  General  Btttlor,  with  the 
Sixth  Massachusetts  and  the  Eighth  New  York 
Regiment,  entered  tho  city,  ^ud,  without  meeting 
any  resistance,  established  his  headquarters  on 
Federal  Hill,  an  eminence  commanding  tho  city 
proper,  as  well  as  Fort  McHeury  in  tho  near  dis- 
tance. His  arrival  whs  followed  by  tho  issuing  of  a 
proclamation  setting  forth  his  mission,  which  was 


in  to  far  as  it  may  be  used  (o  afford  aid  nnd  comfort  1 1  those- 
in  rebellion  ogninst  ihe  Government,  whether  here  or  olso 
where.     .    .    , 

"The  ordinary  operations  of  tho  corporate  Government  ol 
the  City  of  Baltimore,  and  of  (be,  civil  authorities,  will  not  1m 
interfered  with,  but,  on  Ihe  contrary,  will  lie  aided  by  all  Ihe 
power  ut  the  command  of  the  general,  unon  "roper  call  beinp 
made,  and  nil  such  authorities  arc  cordinlfj  invited  to  co-op 
crate  with  the  general  in  commnnd  to  utrry  out  the  purpose! 
set  fortb  in  the  proclamation,  so  that  the  City  of  Baltimore 
may  be  shown  to  the  country  to  be,  what  she  is,  in  fuel. 
patriotic  nnd  loyal  to  the  Union,  tho  Constitution  iuni  the 

"To  make  it  more  apparent  that  Ihe  Government  of  the 
United  States  by  far  more  relics  upon  tho  loyalty  patriotism 
and  itett  of  (he  itihhI  chi/rim  of  ftnliimnn;  a-id  vicinity  than 
ujmn  any  exhibition  of  force  calculated  l"  Intinddal  then; 
into  that  obedience  to  the  law  (which  [h  iGovt  rmnt  nt  double 
not  will  be  paid  from  inherent  iespei  I  intl  Inn  • ,  ,  \  r  the 
commanding  general  has  brought  to  lilt  >  in-  villi  him,  .if  liir 
ind  IroojM  in  the   innm.li  ,t.    i"  ij|it",rJ.,""l  which 


nil.  I 


rely  upon  that  loyalty  nnd  pat 

Is.id  whieli  have  never  yet  been  looml  ivaiiim"  to  the  Gov 

crumentiu  time  of  need.     The  general  in  command  desire. 

to  greet  and  treat  in  this  pan  of  his  department  all  the  eiu 

mna  thereof  as  friends  and  brothers,  having  n  ci 

post,  n  common  loyalty  nnd  a  commoc  cauntrv 


7-J 


THE    SOLDIER    /Jv     OUR     CIVIL     WAR 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CIVIL     WAR. 


?3 


■'The  general  believes  that,  if  tin-  fugges- 
tici::>  unil  rcgueata  Contained  in  tlii*  procla- 
mation are  faithfully  carried  out  by  the  co- 
operation of  nil  good  and  Union -loving 
rilizeus,  and  peace  and  quiet,  and  certain  t' 
lit  future  peace  and  quiet,  arc  thus  restorca 

In:    111'   ■■■'.■-  ill  !:    Umr  ilsilft  rj    liillltd  clliiriLvl.', 

trade  toko  the  place  of  dullness  and 
tivity,  efficient  lahor  displace  idleness 
Baltimore  will  be,  in  fact,  what  sho  i 
i\llcd  to  be,  in  the  front  rank  of  tho 
ijiercial  eities  of  the  nation."  .  .  . 
General  Bn tier's  proclamalioi.  woo 
y  one  from  Governor  Hicks, 
culling  for  the  State  f|iiota  of  fonr 
"egimcTits,  in  response  to  the  call  of 
tho  President.  These  troops  were  to 
inly  within  the  State  of  Mary- 
land, or,  if  need  be.  for  the  defense  of 
the  capital.  Almost  simultaneously, 
likewise,  came  tho  reproof  admin  13- 
tcrod  by  the  Lieutenant-general  of  t!iu 
Army  at  what  he  was  pleased  to  term 
the  "hazardous  orenpation  c£  3nl- 
whs  General 
Butler's  recall  to  Washington,  where, 
however,  ho  waa  promoted  to  bo  a 
major-general  of  volunteers,  and  waa 
given  the  command  of  a  now  and 
more  extended  military  district,  which 
included  Virginia,  North  Carolina  and 
South  Carolina,  with  headquarters  at 
Fortress  Monroe.  General  Butler  was 
succeeded  in 

General  George  CadwaJladi 
and  tho  troops 
drawn   from    tho  city,  in    a 
with  a  previous  understand"! 
president  Lincoln  and  the  G< 


BEXJAMIN  F.  BU 

Boar,  in  Dcerliotd,  N.  H-. 

1818  ;  graduated  at  Watarvill 

admitted  to  I  he  bur  at  Lowell, 
Btato  Militia  through  all 
general  ;  represented  Li 
member  of  tho  Constil 
member  of  the  Senate  ol 
ehusetts  ;   member  •■! 

bcld  at  Charleston,  S.  ( 
33d,  and  adjourned  toB; 
June  18th,  1800  ;  short 
drew  therefrom,  anno 
"  I  wilt  not  sit  in  a  coi 
where  the  African  slave 
which,  is  piracy  by  the 
intry - it  upprovi 
vocatcd."    Headed  tb 

•idtfO  electoral  (ieket  in 

identiat  election  of  18fli 

On  April   lath,  1881, 

^all  for  troops  to  haste 

of  Wnshingt. 


bis  men  to  Annapolis.  There  ho  prevented 
the  frigate  CorutUvtiim {the renowned  "Old 
Ironsides")  falling  into  the  handa  of  tin 
Insnrjrrnts.  nod  landed  bb  c 
with  the  New  York  Seventh,  Colonel  Map 
shall  Leilerts.  occupied  tho  Naval  Academy 
grounds,  neaiust  tho  opposition  of  Iho  Gov 
enior  of  Maryland  ;  repaired  tho  mil  road  to 
AnnapolL'.  Junction,  thus  securing  n  clear 
tho  transportation  of  Northern 
troojw  to  the  capital ;  seized  the  Relay  House, 
captured  the  Winans  steam-gun,  and.  May 
Mtb,  1B81,  occuplctl  Fort  Federal  Hill.  Baltl- 
in  command  of  tho  city,  with  a  body 
of  less  than  one  llmusand  men.  These,  in  a 
letter  issued  to  Governor  Hicks,  ho  (erms 
"Not  Northern  troopt," hut  ''a  part  •■/  U< 
tclioU  militia  of  tlie  United  £tn!<*,  allying  Via 
rail  if  Vtc  PmibitL"  Promoted  to  ho  n 
major-general  of  volunteer*,  Hay,  1801,  and 
placed  in  command  at  the  "Department  of 
Virginia,"  with    headquarters    at    Fortress 

In  co njuu f'linti  with  Admiral  Fnnnimt, 
look  posscaiion  of  Xew  Orleans.  May  1st. 
IF*'.1,  carrying  out  many  a  dm  i  nisi  ml  I  vo  re- 
forms which  remain  lo  this  day ;  raptured 
City  Point  nml  Bermuda  Ilundreil,  duj;  tho 
nmch  G.ip  Canal,  aided  the  i 
General  Grant  upon  Petersburg,  and  ner- 
fonued  other  valuable  serviees.  In  ISM  was 
elected  lo  Congress  from  tho  Essex  District, 
mid  served  several  terms;   was  elected  Gov- 


FEDKllAL   HILL,   BALTOIOBB  (TAKEN   FROM   t 


EKEItAI.   BDTI.KR'S   rOMJLAND. 


DEPARTURE    OF    THE    ELLSWORTH    FIBE    ZOUAVES    FROM    NEW    YOB 


KNfAMPMENT    OF    THE    ELLSWORTH    NEW    YOR£    8 


DEPARTURE    OF   THE    ELLSWORTH     FIRE    ZOUAVES    FROM    NEW    YORK,   APML    3!*ra,   1861.- ESCORTED    BY    THE    NEW    YORK    FIRE    DEPARTMENT. 


KKfAUl-ilENT    Of    THE    ELLSWORTH    NEW    YOKE.    FIRE    BOUAVES,   OPPOSITE    THE    NAVY    YA1UJ.   WASHINGTON 


/<* 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL      WAR. 


EPHRAIM  E.  ELLSWORTH. 

Born  in  Saratoga  County,  New 
York,  April  23d,  1837,  he  was  killed 
at  Alexandria,  Va.,  May  24th,  18(11. 
Ho  early  displayed  a  taste  for  a  mili- 
tary life,  and  sought  to  enter  West 
Point  as  a  cadet.  Lacking  political 
influence,  he  entered  a  store  in  Troy, 
and  afterward  in  New  York  City. 

In  1855  he  removed  to  Chicago, 
entered  a  law  office  as  student,  and 
soon  achieved  an  honorable  positiou. 
His  mertinl  tendencies  being  still 
strong,  he  connected  himself  with  a 
military  company.  He  soon  became 
ils  captain,  and  infused  new  life  in  it 
by  adopting  the  dress,  drill  and 
practices  of  the  French  Zouaves,  as 
illustrated  by  that  arm.  of  the  service 
in  the  Crimean  War.  His  company, 
known  as  the  Chicago  Zouave  Cadets, 
were  sworn  to  total  austineme  from 
liquor,  tobacco  and  all  excesses.  Pro- 
fanity was  made  a  ground  for  dis- 
missal, and  chivalrous  courtesy  at  all 
times  exacted. 

About  this  time  he  entered  the 
law  office  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  then 
practicing  law  in  Springfield,  Illinois. 

The  reputation  won  by  his  com- 
pany of  Zouave  Cadets,  and  the  desire 
■A  the  public  to  witness  the  peculiar 
drill,  led  to  invitations  to  visit  the 
Eastern  cities,  and  in  1SG0  he  com- 
plied with  this  request. 

In  New  York,  he  gave  an  exhibition 
lrill  in    the   City   Hall  Park    before 


EFHRAIM   ELMORE   ELLSWORTH. 


eight  thousand  spectators.  He  wnj 
commissioned  Second  Lieutenant  in 
the  army  early  in  1801,  and,  when 
Tolunteers  wore  called  for,  he  resigned 
his  commission  in  the  anny,  went  to 
New  York,  and  from  the  firemen  of 
that  city  organized  a  regiment  of  one 
thousand  men,  who,  accustomed  to 
exposure,  hard  work  and  extreme 
vigilanco,  proved  excellent  material 
for  active  service,  especially  under  the 
peculiar  drill  and  discipline  adopted 
by  Colonel  Ellsworth. 

This  regiment,  was  known  as  the 
New  York  Fire  Zouaves,  and  on  the 
20th  of  April,  1801,  sailed  for  Wash- 
ington, and  on  the  24th  of  May  oc- 
cupied Alexandria,  Virginia. 

Before  going  into  camp,  and  while 
engaged  in  destroying  means  of  com- 
munication southward  by  railroad  and 
telegraph.  Colonel  Ellsworth,  accom- 
panied by  a  sirnll  guard, 
caught  sight  of  a  Con- 
federate (lag  flying  from  the  Mars  nail 
House. 

Determined  to  capture  it,  lie  en- 
tered the  house,  mounted  to  the  roo. 
tore  down  and  secured  the  flag,  and 
on  his  way  to  the  street  was  shot  down 
hy  J.  W.  Jackson,  the  proprietor  of 
the  hotel.  Private  Francis  E.  Brown- 
ell,  one  of  his  guards,  immediately 
raised  his  rifle,  shot  Jackson  through 
the  head,  and  by  the  next  movement 
thrust  his  bayonet  through  the  body 
before  it  bad  fallen  from  the  step. 

Colonel  Ellsworth's  body  was  carried 


1  r'/v* 

THE   ELLSWORTH  (fIRe)  ZOHAYES    FIGHTING    THEHi   OLD    NEW  YOiii    ENEMY    LN    THEIR    USUAL  WAY ADJ01NMG   WILLAHu's    HOTEL,  WASHINGTON 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR 


DEATH   OF   CALOMEL    EFHUIASI    E.  ELLSWORTH   . 

to  tho  White  Iloiiee  in 
jVaihington,  whora  tho 
iral  service  was  per- 
formed, nnd  thence,  with 


igli  New  York  City, 
to  the  home  of  his  pu- 
nt Mechanics  ville, 
il.  Y.,  where  i\  coniDiiny 
of  his  devoted  regiment 
lired  a  volley  over  his 


TDE   FIRE  ZOUAVES. 

Os   llm   moniins   of   May 

Dili.  lH;i,  il   win  nnnoii[in.il 

It    W  ratlin  j(1  Mil    tllrll     I  in.!    IV:  is 

a  liquor  istnhlish  incut  next 

>r    in   Willnrd'B    Hotel, 

mediately   General    Mans- 

DuliJ,  Colonel  McDowell,  am'. 

plbors,   wore    in    attendance. 
In  a  short   time  Hie  Are  wu 

vtinpiMu-il,  iiiiil  ill  w.if  |.n . 
ounced  safe. 

i   hours    alter,  tmotlior 


C   THE    HANDS   OF   J  AS.  JACKSON,  OF   TIIE    MARSHALL 
BY    PRIVATE    FRANCIS   E.  B110WNELL 


HOUSE. - 8H00TIKQ    CF  JACKSON 


.,.1    i 


time  fierce  flames 
Men  rushing  from  Ilia 
:  building.  The  it-n. ■•  - 
■preiri  vviili  ft-.irful  rapidity 
ward  the  aotel,  which  was 
lied  Willi  dense  volumca  of 
noke  nud  panic- stricken 
After  intcniiiciililr 
lie  or  two  imilli  iiiii 
mpiinicB  appeared, 
ngaiiLtt    who.*;    feeble    ufTnrH 

the  lire  mil, I,-  enntir us  pre,. 

gTvsa.  At  Ibis  jiui  Inn:  Gen- 
eral MnuMiuld  dis|iatehed  1111 
il  Ellsworth,  onk- 


log  f" 


puny,  bended  b 


.viftly  and  ii 


order  down  tho  a1 
rcnohing  tho  engino- house, 
they  fonnd  it  so  fastened  or 
for  u  Ions  time  to  defy  iheh 
entrance;  lint  tlioy  broke  In 
the  floor,  and  mshed  (ho  en- 
gine la  the  Arc.  Here  they 
worn  joined  by  several  hun- 
dreds of  (heir  companions. 
Some  of  their  nets  were 
frightful  lo  heboid:  Two  of 
them  lieM  each  n  leg  of  the 
thin],  they  Nlnnding  on  Iho 
remf  enveloped  iu  flan  ten. 
while  he,  lund  downward, 
was  suspended  over  the  burn- 


t  rated. 


"I    I 


"Fire  I 


tsctun 


lie  qurr*im  *  jnri  1 


g  through. 


THE    MARSHALL    HOUSE,  ALEXANDRIA,  VA.,  FROM    WHICH   COLONEL   ELLSWORTH   REMOVED 
THE   CONFEDERATE   FLAG- 


Insisting  upon  lii.i  right  tt 
command, 

"  Well,"  said  tho  eolone. 
"if  you  have  more  men  her 
Hum  I  have,  you  am  tako It" 

After  two  hours'  hard  wur; 

they  subdued  (ho  fire.  Gen 
i r.d  Mansfield  iddtcsaed  them, 
thanking  and  praising  lliero. 

1   of  you,   wry 
"    A/u-r  break 

Mr,    Wttlird. 

tiny  gave  three  ''liecra.  41ms 
'•  Dixie,"  nnd  irehed  to 
tbtir  quarters. 

Now  Vorkcre  won  fjimt 
■J'  h. rlii.  In  them.  Abraham 
Wftkvtnci,  Tam-low  IV  ced, 
Simeon  I>r"per,  and  I-  .  ,..  ■ 
Alwl,  praised  the  boys,  wl  I 
stood  metaphorically  on  tw, 
h-nds  with  leliotit- 


of  yo, 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CIVIL    WAR. 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


79 


THE  FUNERALOFTHE  MASSACHUSETTS 
SOLDIERS  KILLED  AT  BALTIMORE. 
Luthkr  C.  Ladd,  a  young  mechanic  of  Lowell, 
a  little  more  than  seventeen  years  of  age;  Addis--. 
O.  "Whitney,  another  young  mechanic,  of  Lowell, 
twenty-one  years  of  age ;  Charles  A.  Taylor,  a 
decomtive  painter  of  Boston - who  were  killed 
outright - and  Sumner  II.  Needham,  of  Lawrence, 
a  plasterer  by  trade,  who  was  mortally  wounded, 
were  the  slain  of  the  Sixth  Massachusetts  in  Bal- 
timore, on  the  10th  of  April,  1861. 

"Private  Merrill  S.  Wright,  of  the  Richardson 
Light  Infantry  of  Lowell,  was  detached  hy  Colonel 
Jones  to  receive  the  bodies  from  Marshal  Kane  of 
Baltimore,  and  to  convey  them  to  their  former 
homes.  The  bodies  were  received  in  Boston  on  the 
let  of  May  by  a  military  escort  under  Governor 
Andrew  and  Adjutant-general  Schouler,  accom- 
panied by  a  large  concourse  of  citizens,  and  were 


wliich  Lieutenant-colonel  Thomas  J.  Morris,  of  tho 
staff  of  Governor  Bradford  of  Maryland,  presented 
a  beantiful  national  flag,  made  of  silk,  and  wrought 
by  the  loyal  women  of  Biltimore  for  the  purpose. 
On  the  polished  black  walnut  staff  was  a  silver 
plate,  bearing  an  engraving  of  the  arms  of  Mary- 
land and  of  Mattel mset t",  and  the  words: 

MARYLAND    TO  MASSACHUSETTS, 
Aran.    IDrn,  1885. 


This  was  the  crowning  evidence  of  the  sorrow  of 
true  Marylanders  for  the  wrongs  inflicted  on  citizens 
of  Massachusetts.  Only  a  few  months  after  the 
occurrence,  the  Legislature  of  Maryland  took  steps 
to  "  wipe  out,"  as  they  expressed  it,  the  foul  blot  of 
the  Baltimore  riot,  and  on  the  nth  of  March,  1SG2, 
the  Assembly  appropriated  Beven  thousand  dollars, 
to  be  dispensed,  under  the  direction  of  the  Gov- 


Major-general  John  E.  'Wool,  second  in  com- 
mand to  Lien  tenant-general  W  infield  Scott,  Gen- 
crnl-in-cbief,   United  States  Army, 

Arttn-11!a-  was  at  Troy,  N.  Y.  Ho  at  once,  as 
Commander  of  the  Eastern  Department,  which 
included  the  territory  east  of  the  Mississippi  River, 
took  the  active  control  of  the  troops  being  raised 
and  poured  into  the  City  of  New  York,  and,  mak- 
ing his  headquarters  at  tho  St.  Nicholas  Hotel,  is- 
sued orders  to  have  all  troops  forwarded.  Lie, 
likewise,  made  requisitions  for  arms,  subsistence 
and  transportation,  aud  actively  co-operated  with 
the  Union  Defense  Committee  of  New  York  City, 
of  which  General  John  A.  Dix  was  chairman. 

The  crisis  demanded  immediate  action,  and 
General  Wool  assumed  extraordinary  authority, 
justified  only  by  the  exigency  in  view  of  the  impos- 
sibility of  communication  with  Washington,  New 
Jersey  was  asking  for  transportation  for  her  regi- 
ments, now  equipped  by  voluntary  contributions, 


THE    BODIES   OP 


BBS    KILLED  AT  BALTIMORE    RECEIVED   UY   THE   CITIZENS   OP    LOWELL. 


temporarily  deposited  in  the  vaults  of  King's 
Chapel.  On  the  6th  of  May,  those  of  Ladd  and 
Whitney  were  removed  to  Lowell.  The  day  was 
dark  and  stormy.  All  tho  mills  were  stopped 
running,  the  stores  were  closed,  and  all  business 
was  suspended.  The  bodies  were  received  by  a 
great  concourse  of  citizens  and  six  military  com- 
panies just  organized  for  the  war,  and  escorted  to 
Huntingdon  Hall,  which  was  draped  in  black. 

The  funeral  services  were  held  iu  the  Hall. 
The  Rev.  W.  R.  Clark,  of  the  Methodist  Church, 
preached  an  impressive  sermon  before  the  authori- 
ties of  the  city  and  the  people,  and  then  the  two 
bodies  were  placed  in  a  vault  in  the  Lowell  Ceme- 
tery. A  little  more  than  four  years  afterward  the 
remains  of  these  "first,  martyrs"  were  deposited 
beneath  a  beautiful  monument  erected  by  a  pop- 
ular subscription. 

It  was  dedicated  on  the  17th  of  June,  1865,  in 
the  presence  of  nearly  20,000  people,  with  impos- 
ing ceremonies,  by  the  Masonic  fraternity,  and  & 
largo  number  of  military  organizations. 

Governor  Andrew    lelivered  an  oration,  aitur 


ernor  of  Massachusetts,  for  the  relief  of  the  fami- 
lies of  those  who  were  then  injured.  To-day, 
Massachusetts  and  Maryland  cordially  embrace 
each  other  as  loving  sisters  in  the  great  family  of 
the  lation. 

GENERAL  JOHN   E.   WOOL 

THE  NEW  YORK  UNION  DEFENSE  COMMITTEE. 
Ddeeso  the  time  the  national  capital  was  cut 
off  from  communication  with  the  North,  five 
companies  of  Pennsylvania  troops,  who  hail  pre- 
ceded the  Sixth  Massachusetts,  had  succeeded  in 
passing  through  Baltimore  before  the  mob  had 
organized,  and  were  assailed  with  threats  and  oaths 
instead  of  paving-stones  anil  shotguns.  These,  with 
tho  Sixth  Massachusetts,  constituted  the  national 
guard  protecting  the  seat  of  government.* 


w"o    lb 

WMhiop-o 

trUllcrj,   Captain 

ulrr.   dpuli 

JunnJp,  Cnplnli 

luluLilri 

I'aiiuun  Ihowti   B.  Ye"|jcr 

al 

General  Wool  sent  them  on  to  Philadelphia,  and 
thence  by  transports  a<'russ  the  Chesapeake  to  An- 
napolis. He  early  looked  to  tho  safety  of  the  Gob- 
port  Navy  Yard,  to  Hampton  Roads  and  Fortrcsj 
Monroe,  and  sent  by  transports,  accompanied  by 
armed  steamers,  provisions,  ammunition  and  rein- 
forcements, as  he  well  know  the  importance  of 
these  strategic  points  and  the  value  of  the  arma- 
ment at  Gosport  to  the  enemy,  should  they  fall 
into  their  hands. 

The  Governors  of  the  various  States  in  his  de- 
partment, as  they  were  cut  off  from  communicat- 
ing with  Washington,  applied  to  him  for  counsel  as 
well  as  for  munitions  of  war,  and  for  arms  and 
for  equipments  for  the  volunteers  waiting  to  bo 
sent  to  the  defense  of  the  capital.  Governor  Yatea 
appealed  for  arms  and  ammunition  for  live  thou- 
sand waiting  Illinois  volunteers,  and  was  directed, 
in  conjunction  with  Frank  P.  Blair,  of  Missouri, 
to  take  possession  of  tho  United  States  Arsenal  at 
St,  Louin.  =nd  use  the  21,000  stand  of  arms  and 
110,000  rounds  of  ammunition  there  stored 

General  Wool  ordered   the  Ellsworth  Zotwrea 


So 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


Si 


'" 


' 


SIXTEEN   TRANSPORTS   CROSSING    CHESAPEAKE   HAT   WITH    KEW  YORK   TROOPS   FOR   ' 


ANNAPOLIS,   MAT    4tf..    13F^ 


ieiil  objections  of    the   capital  of   tho    nation,   unci    armed  with   tlio    resolutions  of  congratulation  and  thanks,  and  con 
■ho  delayed  llicin    prestige  of  successful  invasion.  veyod  a  request    to  the  War  Department  to  ratify 

vorfiowing  ranks        The  reward  for  this  fidelity  was  an  order  from    and  approve  the  conduct   and   notion    o;    General 


nished 


i  Gcneral-in-ehief,  in  lliu  first  mail  from  Wash-    Wool,  and  to   contin 


ommund  of  the 

oity  and  department. 
These  res-  ntions  were 
fiirniBhod  :o  the  Presi- 
dent of  tho  United 
States,  to  Lieutenant- 
general  Scott,  and  U: 
Major-general  Wool 
April  30th,  1SG1,  and  01 
August  17th,  18G1,  Gen- 
end  Wool  was  called 
from  his  retirement,  and 
placed  in  command  ol 
the  Department  of  South 
eastern  Virginia,  to  sue 
coed   General    Butler    at 


forward,  in  or  position  to  the  tech 
Governor  Morgan  of  New  York, 
until  they  should  reduce  their 
to  the  number  authorized  by  la 
tho  Pennsylvania  roopa 
with  16,000  muskets  and 
GO0.00O  cartridges.  To 
six  Ohio  regiments  he  ",'*■ 
issued  3,000  mil skots  and 
118.000  cartridges.  To 
other  O  no  troops,  10,000 
muskets  i, nd  400,000  car- 
tridges. Five  thousand 
muskets  and  200,000  car- 
tridges wore  issued  to 
Indiana  troops.  Illinois 
ilrew  300,000  cartridges; 
Massachusetts,  4,000 
stand  of  arms;  Now 
Hampshire,  2,000  mus- 
kets and  20,000  car- 
tridges; Now  Jersey, 
3,000  muskets;  and 
10,000  muskets  and 
400,000  cartridges  wore 
issued  to  General  Pat- 
terson, in  command  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  16,000 
muskets  to  Major-gen- 
eral Sandiord,  of  New 
York.  Ho  made  Por- 
tress Monroe  secure, 
saved  the  capital  from 
seizure,  and  by  his 
prompt  action  kept  alive 
the    fires  of    patriotism, 

and  sent  forward,  organized  and  armed,  volunteers     ington   received  after  its  investment  (April  3nth,     they  were  presented 

who,  without  such  prompt  encouragement,  might  1861),  directing  Genoral  Wool  to  return  to  his  Ladies'  Soldiers'  Relief  Association.  Colonel  Wil- 
have,  in  waiting  for  an  order  for  arms  and  emiip-  headquarters  at  Troy,  and  there  await  tno  recovery  ham  Wilson  hud  been  one  of  tho  very  first  to  offer 
ments  from  tho  seat  of  Government,  been  called  to  of  his  health,  known  to  be  fceblo.  The  Union  his  sen-ices  to  tho  Government  on  tho  breaking  out 
repulse  from  the  soil  of  New  York  and  Massachu.-  Defense  Committee,  who  appreciated  his  services,  of  tho  war.  lie  recruited  a  regiment  of  nearly 
setts  and   Illinois  an  invading  army  possessed  uf    as  did  the  whole  people  north,  unanimously  adopted    twelve  hundred  men  from  tho  rowdy  and  crimiii" 


BLEEPING    QUARTERS    OF  THE   RHODE   IBLAND    BEGIJIEHT   IN  THE   PATENT   OFFICE,  WASHINGTON. 


THE 
("BILLY")  WILSON 
ZOUAVES. 
IN  Juno  10th,  1861, 
Santa  Rosa  Island,  on 
which  stands  Fort  Pick- 
ens, was  made  lively  by 
tho  encampment  there 
of  tho  Sixth  Now  Yor>< 
Regiment  of  Volunteers, 
known  as  "Billy" 
Wilson's  Zouaves. 

They  left  Now  York, 
June  13th,  on  which  day 
beautiful  silk  Hag  by  the 


fclu.-,     DIV'lSlOA    01    PENRST1VANIA   VOLUNTEERS.  UNDER   GENERAL   CALWALLAIiER,  SN'TERIHG   BALTTMOU2   HARBOR,  1TAY   l.Vin,  1061 


82 


THE     SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


S3 


1  y^M&.A  *$  v.33^,.^^4 


Is 

td  g 

!?5 


"&     1  .,  *   >./     v 


s* 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR.  8$ 

clafflfc  __  jnew  York  city,  wrt  were  dravrr,  together   after  conferring  with  Commodore  Stringh  am,  it  was   onel  Crittenden,  a  portion  of  Burnett's  Ol.io  Artil- 
by  the  avenging  cry,  "  Death  to  the  Piug  Dghes  of    decided  to  destroy  them  if  possible.  lery,   under  Lieutenant-colonel    Stnrges,  and  fonr 


mdor  Licit- 


a  the  31st  of  May,  Captain  Ward,  in  command    companies  of  tin*  Fourteenth    Ohio. 

on  hoard    the   Thomas    Preuborn.  and    tenant-colonel  Stcadman. 

assisted  by  two  moro  of  his  gunboats,        It  was  agreed  that  Colonel    Kelley's 

llio  Resolute  and  the  Anacosla,  began  tho  attack,    should  proceed  along  [bo  Beverly  Turnpike  above 

*  fight,  succccdeil  in  silencing    Philippi,  u  distanco  of  about  twenty-twa  miles,  with 

of  engaging  Colonel  Portor- 


o  batteries  at  tho  landing,  bnt,  for  want  of  h 
range  ammunition,  could  not  effectually  respond  to 
i  tho  heights,  and  so  had  to  with. 


o  heavy  lire  fi 


Baltimore  •"  and  tho  popular  clamor  if  the  infuri 
ated  mob  elements  to  punish  summi 
rily  the  perpetrators  of  the  Baltiimi 
attack  on  the  Sixth  Massachusetts  Regiment. 

Colonel  Wilson  formally  mustered  his  regimenl,  i 
tho  old  Tammany  Hall,  and  there,  on  April  2?th, 
with  the  men  arranged  around  the  room,  with  the 
officers  in  tho  centre,  tho  Colonel,  with  a  sword  in 
ono  hand  and  the  American  (lag  in  tho  other,  knelt    dra 

on  ono  knee,  and  all  present  knelt  with  him,  and        Tho    following    day,  howeycr,    with    addi', 
repented  after  him  the   oath  :    "  To  support    tho    aid  from  tho  sloops-of-wnr  Pawnee  and  Yankee 
flag,  and  never  flinch  from  its  path  through  blood    attack  was  resumed,  and  dm 
or  death."     Ho  then  denounced    the  Plug  TTglies    finuous  b 
of  Baltimore,  and  declared  that  Wilson's  Zouaves    were  twic 

would  Icavo  but  a  monument  of  their  hones  in  the    depot  burned  ;  but  whether  they  were  fired  by  shells    drenching  rainstorm,  an-1  was  about  taking  its  posi 
streets.  from    the  ships,  or  by  the  (Jo- .ftsd  era  lea  in    their    titui,  when  Colonel  PoitcrGold's  pickets  engaged  il 

Amid  yells  of  "  Death  to  tho  Ping  Uglics  !"  ho    retreat,  is  unknown.  in  consequence  of  tho  alarm  caused  by  a  pistol-shot, 

s;iid  :  "Though  I  may  bo  tho  first  man  slain,  I  During  tho  engagement  the  Freeborn  fired  ICO  wiiich  was  fired  by  a  woman  ut  Colonel  Lander, 
havo  but  ono  request  to  mako  :  Let  each  of  you,  rounds,  GO  of  which  were  shell  ;  the  Pawnee,  350  while  ho  was  reconnoitring  ahead  of  tho  column. 
iy  follower",  select  his  man  ami  avenge  my  death."  rounds  ;  tho  Anatosfa,  about  100  ;  and  tho  Yankee,  There  being,  up  to  that  time,  no  signs  of  Kelley's 
to     II.     Tho  Anacosta,  which  was  chiefly  manned  by    troops,  contrary  to  their  preconcerted  arrangement, 

id  fearing  Colonel  Portorfield  might  OS- 


field's  rear  at  four  o'clock  on  tho 
morning  of  the  3d,  when  Colonel  Dtimont's  column 
would  simultaneously  open  fire  from  tho  hoight* 
ov-iooking  tho  villiigo  of  Philippi. 

Colonel  Dumont's  cnlnmn,  accompanied  bj  Ool- 
icl  F.  W.  Lander,  of  General   McClolhtn's  staff, 
bardment  on  both  sides  the  batteries    reached  iis  destination  at  the  appointed  time,  after* 
ced,   and   tho  wharf  and    railway    Tory  wearisome  march  of  nearly  thirteen  miles  in  a 


i,  the 


Tho  regiment  was   transported    tho 
Staton  Island,  whero  they  went  into  camp 
until  they  wore,  on  tho  13th  of  Juno,  em- 
barked, as  they  supposed,  for  Baltimore, 
bnt  really  for  Santa  Rosa  Island. 

Thoy  encamped  about  a  inilo  eastward 
of  Fort  Pickens.  The  Confederates  had 
despaired  of  ever  capturing  the  fort,  but 
they  used  every  effort  to  break  up  the 
Zonavo  camp,  and  looked  upon  "  Billy 
Wilson"  as  the  foremost  man  on  the 
island. 

On  the  6th  of  October,  1561,  a  Confed- 
erate force  of  between  twelve  hundred  and 
two  thousand  men,  under  command  of 
Brigadier-general  Anderson,  effected  a 
landing  on  the  island  fonr  miles  above  the 
camp. 

Sickness  and  desertion  had  so  depleted 
the  regiment  that  Oolonol  Wilson  had  but 
two  hundred  men  able  to  take  tho  field. 
The  Zouaves  wore  surprised,  and  had  so 
often  given  false  alarms,  and  played  prac- 
tical jokes  on  tho  garrison  in  tho  fort,  that 
the  firing  of  tho  pickots  did  not  alarm 
them,  and  not  until  tho  engagement  be- 
came general  did  the  regulars  become 
uwaro  of  tho  serious  nature  of  tho  attack. 

In  tho  meantime,  Colonel  Wilson  and 
Lientenant-colnnel  Civighton  encountered 
the  centre  column  of  tho  enemy,  bnt  could 
not  prevent  a  flank  movement  by  which 
the  Confederates  gained  possession  of  their 
camp,  and  after  completely  plundering  iL 
of  clothing,  inonoy  and  baggage,  set  the 
camp  on  fire. 

The  Confederates  finally  retreated  to 
their  boats,  under  a  terrible  tiro  from  the 
Zonaves  and  regulars,  and,  under  tho  cover 
of  the  darkness,  escaped  with  a  consider- 
able loss.  This  was  tho  first  battle  of  the 
Zonaves,  and  very  little  precaution  had 
been  taken  against  an  attack  They  lost 
10  killed,  16  wounded,  and  9  prisoners. 
The  rebel  loss  was  as  high  as  410  killed,  v 
and  missing.      Among  the  prisoners    wer 


unded    volunteers 


tlio   Severn 


Yors,  did  effect iv 
several  shots  froi 
ously  injured.  T 
and  yet  no  ono  or 

to  have  lu^LiiiRMj 


cape,  Colonel  Dumont  opened  fire  upon 
tho  Confederates  with  both  of  bis  guns, 
nnd,  nnder  their  cover,  mado  a  dash  upon 
the  enemy's  pickets,  carrvingconsternation 
in  their  ranks,  and  capturing  the  barri- 
caded bridge  across  tho  river. 

Meanwhile,  Kelley's  command,  which 
had  been  delayed  by  being  treacherously 
led  at  tho  sido  instead  of  in  tho  rear  of 
Color.cl  Porterflold's  position,  advanced 
rapidly  upon  tiio  fugitives,  and  pursued 
them  through  tho  streets  of  Philippi, 
compelling  them  to  abandon  everything 
in  their  flight.  It  was  while  thus  en- 
gaged, gallantly  leading  his  troops,  that 
Colonel  Kelley  was  shot  by  a  retreating 
Confederate  through  the  left  breast,  and 
believed  to  be  mortally  injured, 

In  this  emergoncy,  Colonel  Dumont  was 
assigned  to  tho  command  of  the  two  oper- 
ating columns,  and  cos'.iuued  the  pursuit 
nntil,  under  the  instructions  of  General 
Morris,  ho  broaght  th\>  t.-oop3  book  to 
Grafton,  which,  for  a  while,  became  tho 
headquarters  of  the  national  troops  in 
Western  Virginia.  Colonel  Kelley  finally 
■ecoverod  his  health,  and  received  tho  well- 
iiierited  promotion  of  brigadier-general,  his 
commission  being  dated  May  17th,  1861, 
sixteen  days  earlier  than  the  date  of  tho 
buttle  in  vthich  ho  so  brilliantly  distin- 
guished himself. 


ENGAGEMENT    AT   EOMNEY. 
On  tho  10th  of    Jnnc,  1801,  news  was 
brought  to  Colonel  Lewis  Wallace,  of  tho 
Eleventh  Indiana  Volnntoors,  a  Zouave  re- 
giment, i  has  a  largo  Confederate  force  had 
been  concentrated  at  the  town  of  Romncy, 
tho    county  scat  of    Hampshire   County, 
Va.,    about    fifty   miles    to  tho   southeast 
t  Regiment,  New    of    Cumberland.      Colonel    Walluco    left    Cumber- 
fhc  Freeborn  received    land  of  tho    11th    lost.,  proceeding    by    railroad, 


IStil. 


i  the  batteries,  but 
10  Pawnee  was  struck  nine  times, 
the  side  of  the  flotilla  was  found 
serious  injury. 


ATTACK  ON  THE  CONFEDERATES 
AT  AQTJIA  OEEEK. 

Aqitia  Creek  enters  the  Potomac  River  from  the 
left  or  Virginia  side,  forty  miles  below  WashingU>". 
The  point  of  junction  is  the  eastern  terminus  of  the 
Fredericksburg  and  Potomac  Railway,  seventy-five 
miles  southwest  of  Richmond,  Va.,  and  here,  in  tho  twenty -t 
early  part  of  May,  several  batteries  and  other  ob-    Baltimor 

atrnctions  had  boon  erected  by  tho  Confederates  to  mako  an  important  connection,  and  has  hecoun 
interfere  with  the  free  navigation  of  the  river,  and  ~jted  as  the  scene  of  tho  surprise  and  rout  of  the 
to  prevent  vessels  carrying  supplies  to  tho  capital.        Confederate  forces  which  were  concentrated  there 

Captain  J.  H.  Ward,  who  was  in  command  of  the    June  3d,  1801,  under  Colonel  Porter  field. 
Potomac  flotilla,  had   frequently  to    contend  with        Acting  under  instructions  from  Brigadier-general    foot-race,  taking 
these  batteries  erected  at  different  points,  his  flag-    T.  A.  Morris,  tho  Federal  troops  were  arranged  in    cers,  not  being  ti"™ 


SURPRISE   AND    ROUT    AT    PHILIPPI. 
PHILIPPI  is  a  little  town  in  Western    Virgin 
miles  southward  of  Grafton,  whero  t 
ind  Ohio  and  the  Northwestern  Railways 
mportant 


twenty-eight  miles  to  New  Creek 
Bridge,  which  ho  reached  at  cloven 
o'clock  tho  samo  evening.  His  command  at  onco 
commenced  their  march  for  Romncy,  twenty-two 
miles  distant,  reaching  there  at  eight  o'clock  on 
the  following  morning.  Ho  at  once  charged  tho 
Confederates,  who  had  been  advised  by  their 
mounted  scouts,  whom  Colonel  Wallace's  advance 
had  driven  in,  of  the  approach  of  the  Zonaves. 

Although  numbering  1,200  men,  tho  Confederates 
made  hut  fecblo  resistance,  and  fled  in  wild  dis- 
order. In  the  rough-and-ready  language  of  a  letter- 
writer  among  the  assailants:  "Tho  Zonaves 
advanced  at  tho  '  double-quick.'  Tho  Confederates 
went 'about  face,' and  invited  tho  Eleventh  to  t 
start.  Tho  mounted  ofH- 
.vpert  in  fence -lea  ping,  dis 


ship,    the   Thomas  Freeborn,   usually    bearing    tho  two  columns  ;  one  commanded  by  Colonel   B.   F.  mounted,  ii'id  joined  tho  '  flcld  r 

brunt  of  tho  attacks.     It  was  with  tho  latter  that  ho  Kelley,  whoso  force  consisted  of  his  own  regiment,        "  Some  s'.ragglers,  whoso  ranning  was  not  so  good 

iucceedod  iu  silencing  tho  heavy  guns  mounted  on  tho    First    Virginia,  the    Ninth  Indiana,   Colonel  as  their  boasting,  lagged  behind,  and    wero  taKon 

Cranoy  Island  and  at  Sowall's  Point,   which  coin-  Milroy,  and  a  portion  of  tho  Sixteenth  Ohio,  under  prisoners.     The  Zouaves  entered  Romney  at  half- 

tuanded  the  passago  through  Hampton  Roads.     Tho  Oolonol  Irwin  j  whilo  the  other  column  was  corn-  past    eight    o'clock    A.i!.,   in   timo  to   partake  of 

batteries  at  and  on  tho  height*  above  Aqnia  Creek  manded  by  Colonel  E.  Dumont.  who  had  with  him  tho  breakfast  which  had     been   prepared  for    the 

landing  were,  however,  reported   to  be  of  a  xore  eight  companies  of  his  own  regiment,  the  Seventh  Confederates. 

formidable  nature  than  any  yet  encountered,  and  Indiana,  four  companies  of  the  Sixth  Indiana,  Col-        '"They  captured   one   major,  ten   houses,  tents, 


THE    ENGAGEMENT   AT    KUMNEY,   VA.,  .JUNE   lira,  1861.- THE   ELEVENTH  INDIANA  ZOUAVES 


VIEW    UE  GEAETON,  VA,  UN   THE  MONONGA1IELA  EIVEK,  HI 


TUK    ENGAGEMENT   Al     ItoMNEV,   VA..  JUNE 


-THE   ELEVENTH   INDIANA   ZOUAVES,  UOLONL!    LEWIS  WALLACE,  OKOSjdINU,  ON   THE   DOUBLE   O.UIUK,  THE  BRIDGE  OVER  THE   POTOMAC. 


VIEW   OF   GRAFTON,  VA.,  ON   THE  MONONGA1JELA   RIVER,  HEADQUARTERS  OJE   GENERAL  GEORGE   B.  McCLELLAN.  JUNE.  1601 


38 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 

Eft  - 


ili'l 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CIVIL     WAR. 


Sg 


medical  chests,  camp  ntensflfl,  two  flag?,  several 
rifles  nri'I  a  iiiiiiiIn.t  of  uniforms.  They  occupied 
the  place  'Ttitil  eleven  o'clock,  spending  the  timo  in 
missionary  i-flirts  by  r  _.mcing  the  women  (fifty  of 
whom  were  found  locked  in  one  Loose)  thut  Federal 
imldiere  were  civilized  beings. 

"After  partaking  of  dinner  they  commenced  their 
return,  and  reached  New  Creek  at  twelvo  o'clock  at 
night,  anl  wore  conveyed  back  by  railroad,  reach- 
ing camp  by  daybreak :  having  ridden  upward  of 
Qftymiloa  by  rail,  marched  forty-five  on  foot,  and 
fought  a  battle,  all  without  sleep,  and  in  a  little 
over  twenty-four  hours." 

Tie  oflect  of  this  dashing  exploit  wns  to  encour- 
age tho  Federal  Army,  who  had  ko  repeatedly  been 
defeated,  inspire  the  North  with  new  courage, 
alarm  Johnston  by  its  boldness,  and  threaten  his 
line  of  communication  with  Richmond  and  Ma- 
•laca.Ts.  forcing  him  to  evacuate  Harper's  Ferry, 
anil  move  up  tho  valley  to  near  Winch  ester. 


established  at  Littlo  Bethel,  n^nt  Biito"  norto  of 
Newport  News,  whence  they  were  accustomed  to 
annoy  the  outposts  of  tho  Federal  troops.  Accord- 
ingly, on  the  night  of  Sunday.  Juno  Uth,  General 
Butler  dispatched  from  Fortress  Monroe  the  regi- 
ment of  Now  York  Zouaves  under  Colonel  Duryee, 
and  the  Albany  (N.Y.)  regiment,  under  Colonel 
Townsend,  while  the  New  York  Steuben  (Gorman) 
Regimes,.,  ende-  Colonel  Bendix.  and  detachments 
from  tae  First  Vermont  and  Third  SI assaehu setts 
Regiments,  were  ordered  forward  from  Nowport 
News. 

Accompanying  the  division  from  the  fort  was  a 
small  detachment  of  United  States  Artillery,  under 
Lieutenant  Greblo,  with  threo  pieces  of  light  artil- 
lery. Tbr'  command  of  the  whole  expedition  was 
given  to  Brigadier-gene  nil  Pierce  of  Miissachu  setts. 

Colonel  Duryeo's  Zouaves  were  sent  forward  from 
Camp  Hamilton  an  hour  in  advance  "of  tho  other 
regiments,  in  order  to  reach  the  rear  of  tho  Con- 


A  also  the  Zo oaves,  and  botn  Hastened  at  double* 
raick  time  to  what  they  rogiirdcd  as  tlio  sceno  oi 
action.  They  reached  the  spot,  only  to  find  out 
ths  cruel  and  fatal  mistake  that  occurred,  whilf 
the  Confederates,  thoroughly  alarmed  by  ths  firinji 
reared  on  tho  main  body  intrenched  at  Eig  Bethel 
After  explanations  and  a  consultation  of  ollieors 
the  Federal  force  hastily  resolved  to  move  on  Hit 
Bethel,  of  tho  strength  of  which  they  know  nothing, 
and  the  position  of  which  thoy  wero  ignorant 
General  Pierce  then  gavo  the  order  for  advance 
Littlo  Bethel  was  taken  and  burned  by  the  tree;* 
Big  Bethel  was  reached.  Skirmishers  wero  thrown 
out  by  tho  Federal  advance,  and  they  wero  lirst 
made  aware  of  the  Confederate  position  by  o  heavy 
firo  of  artillery  from  a  masked  battery  immodi 
atsly  in  their  line  of  march,  and  which  swept 
tho  road  by  which  they  wore  proceeding.  Cuabli 
(o  return  it  edectively  with  musketry,  Mio  Federal 
forces  wero  deployed- thu  German   regiment  and 


T3£   DAY   AFTER  "  BOMKBT." - THE   ELEVENTH   INDIANA   ZOUAVES,  COLONEL   LEWIS  WALLACE,  IN   CAMP   HcOINKlB,  JCNB  12tb,  1861 


GRAFTON,  W.  VA. 
3IP  beautiful  little  town  is  situated  on  tho 
is  of  iho  Monongalicla  River.  It  is  uiuoty- 
jis  uules  bolow  Wheeling,  one  hundred  and  ninety 
from  Pittsburgh,  and  two  hundred  mid  soventy- 
i  miles  from  Baltimoro.  In  June,  1801,  General 
IWjic,  while  operating  in  West  Virginia,  es 
cub  ished  his  licadijiiarters  ut  Grafton. 

Our  skdtch  bob  made  at  tlio  time  of  Lieutenant 
l'ompkins'a  return  there  with  his  gallant  Company 
B,  U.  S.  Dragoons,  after  their  dashing  raid  iuto 
Fairfax  Court  House,  on  Juno  1st,  1861,  in  tho 
face  of  nftOoQ  hundred  Confederate  troops. 


BATTLE   OF  EIG   BETHEL. 

The   first    serious   reverse   which   the  national 

I  forces  met  ill  the  campaign  of  18fil  was  on  the  10th 

I  of  June,  ;:t  a  point   named   Bethel  Church,  about 

twelve  miles  from  Fortress  Monroe,  on 

the  road  from  Hampton  to  Yorktown, 

on  the  James  River. 

Tho  original  pnrposa  of  the  expedition  was  the 

I  capture  oi    a  considerable  body_of  Confederates 


federates,  anil  cut  oil  their  retreat,  while  tho  ilu:;- 
saehuBetts  and  Vermont  detachments,  u'wlo.-  Lieu- 
tenant-colonel  Washburn,  advanced  ut  the  same 
timo  to  attack  them  in  front. 

The  Gorman  and  Albany  regiments,  designed  to 
act  as  reserves,  were  toeltect  a  junction  at  the  inter- 
section of  tho  ro.als  leading  to  Litllo  Bethel  from 
Hampton  and  Newport  Hows,  and  move  to  the  sup- 
port of  Colonel  Washburn,  AR  these  movements 
wore  carried  out  accurately. 

In  tlio  dur'tness,  however,  and  by  some  strange 
fatuity  or  unexplained  blunder,  when  Colonel 
'i'ownsend's  command  came  marching  up,  they 
were  mistaken  by  the  German  regiment  for  tho 
Confederates,  and  fired  ou  with  fatal  effect,  botli  by 
musketry  and  artillery. 

Overwhelmed  with  surprise,  his  men  returned  a 
straggling  and  ineffectual  lire,  and  fell  back  to  a 
defensible  position  in  the  full  belief  that  they  bad 
encountered  a  column  of  the  Confederates,  of  the 
strength  of  which  thoy  could  form  no  estimate 

Tho  detachment  under  Lieu tenan f>colonel  Wash- 
burn, bearing  the  firing  in  I  heir  rear,  and  naturally 
supposing  that  tho  Confederates  had  got  between 
them  and  the  reserves,  immediately  faced  about,  Oc 


the  Massach  n setts  and  Vermont  Volunteers  into  a 
forest  to  tho  right  of  the  road,  and  the  Zouaves  anil 
Colonel  To wnseiiil's  regiment  across  sumo  open  fields 
into  un  apple  orchard  to  tlio  left  of  tho  road,  with 
a  view  to  Hank  the  operations;  while  Lieutenant 
Greblo,  with  his  howitzers,  and  supported  only  by 
tho  ordinary  complement  of  gunners,  opened  file  on 
tho  battery.  Tho  (runs  wore  worked  with  great 
rapidity  and  elfcet,  keeping  the  Confederates  within 
their  works. 

Tho  Con  fed  era  to  forcos  were  on  the  left  hank  ol 
tho  Black  River,  with  the  stream  directly  in  front. 
Thoy  had  erected  earthworks  on  each  side  of  Hie 
road  commanding  the  bridge,  as  well  aa  a  line  of 
in  trench  men  ts  along  tho  wooded  swamp  to  their 
right.  This  line  was  concealed  by  green  boughs. 
The  Confederate  force  was  about  oighteeL  hundred 
strong,  many  of  them  Virginian  cavalry,  nndci 
Colonel  JIagnider,  and  a  North  Carolina  regiment 
under  Colonel  D.  H.  Hill,  supported  by  a  battery  oi 
twenty  pieces  of  heavy  cannon,  Bud  Vx,  Richmond 
Howitzer  Battalion,  commanded  UJ  -iojor  Ran- 
dolph. The  storm  of  shot  and  shell  showered  npop 
the  Federal  troops  from  their  masked  batteries  con 
tiuued  incessant   for  two  hours,  and  about  noon 


QO 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


THE    SOLDIER     IN-OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


9' 


(mneiil  Pierce  ordered  a  ttiarge,  wild  instructions  eral   Pierce  and  the  comnanders  of  the  several  were  ordered  to  guard  the  railroad  between  Alex 

to  dash  across  the  morass,  flank  the  works,  and  rcg'nients,  while  the  soldiers  were  everywhere  ex-  andria  and  Lcesbnrg. 

drive   the  Confederates  out  at   the  point  of  the  tolled    for   their  bravery.     The    Confederate   loss  They  lefttheireiuMmpiiient  at  Alexandria  on  the 

bayonet.     Colonel  Duryee's  Zouaves' attack  was  on  was  trifling,  and  they  counted  another  to  their  sue-  17th  of  Jnne,  1SC1,  and  proceeded  cautious] 


the  left.  Colonel  TownsemT 
right  ;  and  Colonel  R^ndix's  Gerrnan 
regiment,  and  Colonels  Allen  and 
Carr,  with  the  First  and  Second  New 
York  Regiments,  were  toussail  the  left 
flank  and  rear.  A  number  of  charges 
were  made,  under  11  murderous  fire 
from  the  invisible  Confederates.  But 
it  wan  found  that  the  works  were  pro- 
tected in  front  by  a  morass  and  a 
beep  stream,  and  by  a  ditch  which 
could  only  be  passed  liy  aid  of  ladders. 

In  several  instances  the  Zouaves,  as 
well  as  the  German  regiment,  charged 
np  to  the  very  edge  of  the  obstruc- 
tions, and  were  gradually,  but  with 
great  exposure  and  uncertainty,  mak- 
ing their  way  to  the  rear  of  the  works, 
when  the  command  was  given  by  Gen- 
eral Pierce  to  retire,  after  Colonel 
Uuryce  assured  him  that  his  ammu- 
nition was  exhausted,  and  Colonel 
Townsend  had  fallen  back,  mistaking 
a  detachment  of  his  own  men  for 
Confederates, 

Among  the  killed  in  this  cliargo 
was  Major  Theodore  Wintbrop,  of 
how  Haven,  Uonn.,  Military  Secretary 
of  General  Duller,  and  previously  at- 
tached to  the  Seventh  Regiment, 
National  Guard,  State  of  New  York, 
who  was  shot  by  a  Confederate  drum- 
mer-boy while  within  thirty  yards  of 
tne  battery. 

During  this  time  Lieutenant  Greble 
and  his  men  were  entirely  exposed, 
but  never  for  a  moment  slackened 
their  ore.  That  gallant  officer  was 
struck  in  the  head  by  a  cannon-hall, 
and  instantly  killed.  The  gunners 
having  now  exhausted  their  ammu- 
nition, and  the  larger  number  having 
been  killed  or  disabled,  they,  together 
with  their  guns,  were  withdrawn,  under  protection  cession  of  victories - Sumter,  Harper's  Ferry,  Nor-  and  somo 
l  part  of  Colonel  Wash!) urn's  men,  the  body  of    folk,  and  now  the  first  success  in  tbe  field  in  the    Sth  of  Ji 


PLAN    OK  THE    BATTLE    OF  BIG    BETUEL. 


cars  and  on  truoks  pushed  ahead  of  a 
locomotivo  in  the  direction  of  Vienna. 
McCook  and  about  three  huudred  ol 
his  mou  had  just  en- 
tered a  deep  cut,  en- 
tirely exposed  on  platform  cars,  when 
the  cars  wore  swept  from  front  to 
rear  by  grape  and  canistei  alio  I 
fired  from  a  masked  battery  of  tlx 
Confederates - a  South  Carolina  regi- 
ment, commanded  by  Colonel  Massoy 
Grcgg  -  a  detachment  of  General 
Beauregard's  army. 

The  shot  wont  high,  and  most  of  the 
soldiers  were  sitting.  The  frightened 
engineer,  instead  1  if  drawing  the  whole 
train  out  of  the  peril,  uncoupled  the 
engine  and  one  passenger-car,  and 
fled  with  alt  possible  speed  toward 
Alexandria.  The  troory  leaped  from 
tho  remaining  cars,  ami  rallied  in  a 
grove,  maintaining  so  hold  a  front, 
that  tho  Confederates  retired  to  Fair- 
fax Court  IIiiiisc,  leaving  tin'  handful 
of  Ohio  troops,  whom  they  might 
have  captured  with  case,  to  inako 
their  way  leisurely  back,  carrying 
their  dead  and  wounded  companions 
on  litters  and  in  blankets.  Tho  Union 
loss  was  live  killed,  six  wounded,  and 
thirteen  missing. 

GENERAL   PATTERSON 


Ok  the  3d  of  June  General  Robert 
Patterson  ti">k  command  cf  tho 
United  States  Volunteer  forces  gath- 
ered at  Ohaiiihcrsljurg,  Pa.  tin  the 
4th,  the  Gencral-in-cliicf  instructed 
him  to  add  to  his  army  of  three- 
months*  men  a  battery  of  artillery 
ompanies  of  regnlar  infantry.  On  the 
s  a  letter  of  m-truetions  was  sent  him, 
■  told  that  tboro  must  be  no  rc- 
:  drawn  battlo  would  bo  a 


Lieutenant  Greble  being  carried  of!  tho  field  under  first  battle  of  the  war.  Big  Pothel.  in  winch  ho  t 

the  guard  of  Co.  E,  Soil  N,  Y.  Vols.,  and  amidgt  In    the    National   Senate,    the   confirmation    of  verse - that  a  check  < 

the  fire  '>f  the  Confederates.  General  Butler's  nomination  us  major-general  was  victory  to  the  Confederates,  and  therefore  to  act 

The  retreat   was    made   with    great    order    and  secured  just  after  this  battlo  by  only  two  votes,  circumspectly  and  attempt  nothing  without  a  clear 

deliberation,  and  all  the  dead  and  wounded  were  aud  these  through  the  exertions  of  Senator  Baker  prospect  of  success. 


brought  off  the  field,  except   Major  Wintbrop  and  of  Oregon, 
two  Zouaves  of   Dni'Vet's   Ri-'Hiiuiit, 

The  number  of  Federal  tamps  actually  engaged  ™E  FIRST  OHIO    REGIMENT  SURPRISED 

in  tho  affair  at  Big  Bethel  was  about  3,000.     Tho  BY  A  MASKED  BATTERY. 

Federal  loss  was  sixteen  killed,  fifty-three  wounded,  Fotra  companies  of  tho  First   Ohio   Regiment, 

and    five    missing.      General    Butler  was    greatly  commanded    by    Colonel    MoD.    McCook,    aceom- 

eeusured  by  the  people  of  the  North,  as  >vas  Gen-  pauied   by   Brigadier-general   Robert   C.  Sohouck, 


On  Friday,  tho  13th,  ho  was  informed  that,  on  a 
apposition  that  he  would  cross  tho  river  into  Vir- 
ginia tho  next  Monday  or  Tuesday. 
DSE'  '  General  McDowell  would  bo  ins  t  mo  tod 
o  make  a  demonstration  on  Manassas  Junction, 
.here  Beauregard  was  intrenched.  In  r.beilionce 
0    this     undo  rs  landing,     Patterson     marched     u 


OAPT.    GEO.    W.   "WILLSON'S  CO.   (E.  2kd   REG7.    N.   T.   VOLS)   CARRYING   THE   HODT    OF   LIEUTENANT    GREBLE 
FROM   THE   FIELD.    AT   BIG   BETHEL     AMIDST   TIIK   FIRE   OF   "HIE   CONFEDERATE    FORCES 


(^ 


THE     SOLDIER     IN     OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


THE     SOLDIE/t    [N    OUR     CIVIL     W  Ak. 


93 


:  lagcrstown,  reselling  there  on  the  15th,  and  on 
the  10th,  a  large  part  of  his  army  moved  south  of 
tho  Potomac,  on  Virginia  soil.  His  design  was  to 
■jirn  Johnjton's  left,  and  take  Harper's  Ferry  in 
reir,  tbas  to  cat  eff  .Johnston's  retreat  and  compel 
III i H  to  give  buttle  ut  grout  disadvantage.  But  on 
III-  l.'.ili.  General  Johnston,  who  kept  himself  well 
advnod  of  Patterson's  movements,  and  bad  been 
MMding  his  supplies  to  ilio  rear,  suddenly  aban- 
doned Harper's  Ferry,  and  took  a  fortified  position 
tit  Winchester,  thirty-two  miles  to  the  south. 

John j ton  thus  approached  Manassas,  whither, 
largely  by  rail,  he  could  repair,  should  Beauregard 
roqtiire  aid  either  to  resist  McDowell  or  to  attack 
Washington,  or  from  whence  be  could  quickly 
strengthen  his  own  forces  in  order  to  resist  Patter- 
son, or  t/z  crush  him  in  case  the  latter  should  pursue 
turn  or  make  any  other  serious  false  movement. 

The  demonstration  promised  by  tho  Genorul-in- 
cbicf  on  Manassas  Junction  by  General  McDowell 
was  not  made,  and  on  tho  lfith,  three  days  after  be 
liad  been  told  ho  was  expected  to  cross  the  river 
into  Virginia,  bo  received  a  telegram  from  tho  Gen- 
crul-in-chicf  to  scud  at  once  to  Washington  all  tho 
regular  troops,  horse  and  foot,  and  tho  Rhode 
Island  Regiment  and  Battery,  and  to  keep  within 
the  limits  of  Maryland  with  his  remaining  forces 
sntil  satisfied  it  was  safe  to  go  beyond  them. 

Tho  inquiry  of  tho  General-iu- chief,  "Why 
iiirsiu-  Johnston?  Von  arc  only  driving  birn  to- 
ward  Manofflufl/"  showed  plainly  tho  non-aggressive 
policy  desired  at  Washington  of  Patterson.  But 
Goneral  Scott  had  become  alarmed  for  the  safety  of 
Washington.  This  demand,  if  persisted  in  for 
horse,  foot  and  artillery  of  Patterson,  would  deprive 
tho  latter  of  tho  power  to  longer  remain  south  of 
tho  Potomac,  and  force  him  to  assume  a  defensive, 
though  threatening,  attitude  on  the  Maryland  bank 
of  that  river. 

On  tho  17th,  another  telegram  was  received  from 
General  Seel  I  demanding  the  troops  "  already 
twice  culled  for."     This  imperative  order  General 


Patterson  at  once  obeyed,  and  having  no  alterna- 
tive, recalled  hia  army  from  Virginia. 

On  the  :20th,  General  Scott  asked  for  a  plan  of 
operations  from  General  Patterson.  On  the  21st, 
tho  plan  to  abandon  tho  present  line  of  operations 
(tho  movement  upon  Winchester,  through  Martins- 
burg),  move  all  supplies  to  Frederick,  occupy  alary- 
land  Heights  with  Doubleduys  heavy  guns  and  a 
brigade  of  infantry  to  support  him,  and  with  every- 
thing else  to  cross  tho  river  ut  Poiut  of  Rocks  and 
unite  with  Colonel  Charles  P.  Stone's  forces  at 
Lecsburg,  from  which  point  ho  could  operate  as 
circumstances  would  demand  or  general  orders 
require,  .vas  proposed  by  Patterson.  No  reply  was 
received  by  him,  but  on  tho  28th  General  Scott, 
under  great  pressure  for  active  operations,  tele- 
graphed him  that  ho  supposed  he  was  that  day 
crossing  the  river  in  pursuit  of  tho  enemy.  On 
that  flay  General  Johnston,  at  Winchester,  had 
1. 1,(100  men  and  24  gnns,  and  was  inlonchcd.  Gen- 
end  Patterson  hud  10,000  men,  (1  guns,  and  tho 
latter  immovable  for  want  of  harness. 

On  tho  28th,  General  Patterson  informed  the 
General-in-chief  uf  the  relative  forces  of  each  army, 
and  that  ho  would  not  risk  an  attack  without  ex- 
plicit orders  to  do  so.  No  order  was  given.  On 
the  29th,  he  received  harness  for  his  singlo  buttery 
of  six  smoothbore  guns,  and  on  tho  30th  gave  tho 
order  to  cross  tho  river  into  Virginia.  On  the  2d 
of  July  ho  crossed,  met  tho  enemy,  whipped  them, 
and  moved  on  anil  occupied  Martinsbnrg. 

At  Martinsbnrg,  Patterson  was  greatly  crippled 
by  want  of  transportation  for  provision  aud  grain, 
one  day's  extra  supply  of  which  ho  could  not  mam 
tain,  Hn  was  in  ndvmco  of  tho  contemp  a  tor: 
movemurts  of  McDowell  from  Washington  upon 
the  enemy  at  Manassas.  By  moving  eastward  to 
Gharlestown,  he  could  avail  himsel*  ot  railroad 
transportation  from  Harper's  Ferry,  where  lie  could 
establish  bis  depots.  From  Chariest  own  ho  could 
advance  at  any  moment  upon  too  enemy  at  Win- 
chester, or  if  the  enemy  retired  to  join  Beauregard, 


he  conld  cross  the  mountains,  mid  almost asqnicklj 

reinforce  McDowell  at  Manassas. 

The  three-months  volunteers  began  to  get  rest, 
less,  and  were  oltanoriug  10  bo  sent  home  by  tin 
expiration  of  their  term.  Many  wore  mthdlli 
snoes,  ciothcs  wore  worn  out,  provisions  wore  scarce, 
ana  a  desire  for  battle  did  not  prevail. 

On  tlio  OtA.  of  July,  ut  Martinsbnrg,  B  council 
was  noia,  at  vra.Hi  commanders  of  division-,,  bri- 
gades, nnd  chiefs  of  staff,  were  present,  Colnnel 
Stone  advised  against  an  advance,  and  advocated  u 
direct  movement  lo  Chariest  own.  All  spoke  against 
an  advance,  nud  all  voted  against  one.  The  ton  t 
day  Patterson  informed  the  General-in-chief  of  tin.- 
condition  of  affairs,  and  of  tho  situation  in  tin 
Valley,  proposed  that  lie  should  go  to  Cliarlestow:), 
establish  depots  at  Harper's  Ferry,  nud  asked  tc 
bo  informed' when  the  attack  would  bu  uuulo  on 
Manassas. 

On  tho  12th  ho  was  instructed  to  go  to  Charles- 
town,  ami  was  informed  that  Manassas  would  he 
attacked  on  Tuesday,  tho  10th,  In  the  moantimn 
ho  bad  to  await  tie  arrival  of  troops  under  General 
Saulord,  ton:  from  Washington  to  join  him.  These 
camo  without  transportation  and  provisions.  The; 
added  to  .lis  incumbrances,  and  still  further  rcn 
dcrcd  essentia)  the  establishment  of  a  depot  ni 
.larpec's  Kerry,  the  reopening  of  railroad  com 
m  anient  ion,  and  the  movement  to  Chuilestown  tt 
protect  it. 

On  the  13th  Ho  was  onlorcd  by  tologram  :  "ll 
not  strong  enough  to  beat  tho  enemy  early  noxi 
wcck,  make  a  demonstration  so  as  to  detain  him  in 
tno  V  alloy,  or  at  Winchester."  On  that  day  hi 
telegraphed  to  General  Scott  that  Johnston  was  ii 
position  at  Winchester  to  have  his  strength  doublet) 
jiist  as  he  could  reach  him,  and  asked  to  be  in 
structcd.  No  instructions  camo.  Ho  made  tin 
required  demonstration  by  moving  to  Bunker  Mill 
on  the  road  in  Winchester.  This  ho  did  on  tin 
llitli,  the  day  Goneral  Scott  said  he  would  attack 
Manassas.      Ho    drove     in    the    enemy's    pickotf 


.    ..-.<-'     - 


--:- 


MAJOR    TATLOR,     OF      THK     CONFEDERATE     AliMY.     ES('(ii:TKF>     Ha.'R      rillionni     THE     I.'NES.    AFTER     FITS    DELIVERY.     UNDER    A     FLAG    UP    TRUCE      OS 
LBTTTEUfl    FROM    GENERAL   BEAUREGARD   TO   GENERAL    SCOTT,    AND    FROM    JEFFERSON    DAVIS   TO    PRESIDENT    LINCOLN.    JULY   Bid     IB6L 


94 


I  Hh     SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR 


THE     SOLDIER    IN     OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


m,  and  General  Johnston  intrenched 
nt  Winehestcr,and  on  the  lTtli  General 
FaUcia-ai  marched  to  Charles  town. 

Oil  the  17th  General  Scott  tele- 
graphed: "McDowell's  first  day's  work 
has  driven  the  enemy  beyond  Fairfax 
Court  House;  to-morrow,  the  Junction 
will  probably  ho  carried."  By  this. 
General  Patterson  supposed  that  he  had 
fully  carried  out  his  own  part  of  the 
programme,  as  Johnston  was  still  at 
Winchester,  and  on  the  18th,  at  half- 
past  one  in  the  morning,  he  telegraphed 
General  Scott  the  condition  of  the 
enemy's  forces  and  his  own,  referred 
to  his  letter  of  the  16tli,  and  closed  Ilia 
dispatch  with  the  inquiry:  "Shall  ] 
attack  i"  He  received  no  answer.  All, 
"his  timo  tie  expected  to  bo  atlacktd 
where  he  was,  and  was  acting  on  ttri 
lefensivo,  nt  the  sumo  time  homing 
Cicnoral  Johnston  in  check.  On  the 
acta,  ho  telegraphed  General  Scot! 
thai  General  Johnston  had  moved  his 
troops,  thirty-five  thousand  strong,  and 
u  largo  nrtillory  force,  in  u  southeast- 
erly direction.  This  dispatch  General 
Scott  received  tho  same  day.  In  ac- 
cordance with  instructions,  Patterson 
occupied  Harper's  Ferry  on  tho  21st, 
tod  helii  that  place  until  relieved  by 
General  Banks.    

I!  EALING  TON.  OAEEICK'S  FORD 
AND    RICH    MOUNTAIN. 

Tub  troops  which  had  so  greatly  diB 

■-ingnished  themselves  at  Fhilippi  were  ^^icSSsssRB' 

not    destined    long    to    re-  GEOHGB   l".  UeCLBLLAK. 

main  idle  at  Grafton,  for, 
ihreo  days  late  ,  July  Ct'i,  wo  find  thorn  all - tlw  Indiana,  and   Unrdsall's  Cavalry - in  the  neighbor- 
I'irst  Virginia,  tho  Sixth,  Seventh  mid  Ninth  In-  hood  'if  their  former  scene  of  victory,  ami  about  to 
iiani.     Tbo   Fourteenth  and   Sixteenth  Ohio,   aud  mid  greatly  to  their  already  brilliant  record- 
Han,  ctt's   Cleveland   Aitillery,    togetbor  with    the  General  McCiellan,  who  had,  two  weeks  previous, 
Sixth   Ohio,    the    Eighth,  Toutu    and   Thirteenth  token  command  of  tho  troops  at  and  near  Grafton, 


05 


now  controlled  an  nrallanh  force  of 
about  twenty  thousand  men,  and  de- 
cided upon  an  immediate  advance,  in 
order  to  offset  any  movement  likely  tft 
be  made  by  General  It.  S.  Garnet  I,  who 
had  succeeded  Portorfield,  and  was  nt 
tho  time  in  command  of  tho  Confederate 
troops  in  Northwestern  Virginia.  Gar 
notfs  headquarters  wore  then  nt  Bov- 
-riy,  in  Randolph  County,  on  tho  east 
em  base  of  a  long  ridge  parallel  to  tin 
AVloghanics,  and  known  as  Laurel  Hill. 
A  dotachment  of  Federal  troops,  mi 
der  General  T.  A.  Morris  was  seni 
toward  Beverly;  while  anothor,  iinnoi 
Genera!  J.  D.  Cos,  entered  tho  Kami 
u'h;i  Valley,  where  it  was  likely  (o  ineot 
General  Henry  A.  Wise,  and  could  keori 
him  in  check;  and  a  third  force,  iindei 
General  Hill,  was  dispatched  toward. 
Western  Union,  in  Tucker  County,  and 
eastward  of  Philippi,  to  prevent  tht 
passago  of  the  (.'nn  federates  liy  that  way 
over  tbo  Alleghany  Mountains.  The 
main  body,  consisting  of  about  ten 
8|iј^5£^,  thousand  men,  under  McClellau's  com- 
|pSfc*  maud,  then  marched  in  tho  direction 
ss^t^  nf  Buckliirnuon,  which  was  reached  on 

N\  the  7th  of  duly. 

Gen  oral   Morris's  foreo  eucampod  nt 
S^-v       ,    l'".\iliiigton,  a  village    at    the    foot    of 
Laurel  Hill,  and   in   close 
proximity  to  Garni.tt's  po- 
^"  sitiou.     Morn's  had  been  ordered  to  en- 

gage Garnet t  in  a  series  of  feints  which 
would  lead  to  tho  belief  that  the  main 
Federal  assault  might  bo  expected  from 
that  quarter,  thus  giving  McCIelhm  a 
chnnco  to  attack  tho  rear  of  Garuott'; 
forces.     These  were  estimated  at  fully  eltven  thon 
sand  mou,  including  three  thousand  tmdiir  Oolonal 
John  Pogrom,  at  Rich  Mountain. 

So  eager  were  the  troops  fur  active  work-,  that 
skirmishes  were  incessantly  kept  up,  and    one  oi 


^^^iMkiM^ 


SCOOTING    PARTY    OF    THE   NINTH    INDIANA    VOLUNTEERS.    ROLOHXL  MILROY-CALLED    "THE   TIGERS   OF    THE    BLOOM    NINTH." 


o6 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CU'IL     ll'AA. 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


97 


these,  which  took  place  on  the  8th  of  July,  has  by 
many  been  dignified  by  even  s  higher  name.  Early 
in  the  afternoon  of  that  day,  whili  observations 
wore  going  on  near  Bealington,  two  large  bodies  of 
Confederate  troops  were  seen  emerging  from  the 
woods,  and  detachments  from  the  Ninth  Indiana 
and  the  Fourteenth  Ohio  at  once  pushed  forward  to 
meet  them.  This  they  soon  did,  and  a  lively  engage- 
ment began  benvcen  the  two  parties.     This  had  not 


held  by  the  Ninth  Indiana,  who,  bv  their  daring  ever,  accidentally  discovered  through  use  capture  of 

and  the  fierceness  of  their  attacks,  had  already  been  a  courier  whom  McClellan.  had  tent  after  Rojccrana, 

dubbed  by  the  insurgents  "  Swamp  D evils/'  and  bad  and,  after  a  wearisome,  and  in  many  respects  quite 

likowise   become   known  as  "The  Tigers  of  the  dangerous,  march    in  a   heavy  rain  through    tho 

Bloody  Ninth."  mountains,  ho  found  this  enemy  prepared  to  meet 

General  McClellan'a  force  hao,  meanwhile,  been  him.1'     The  engagement  commenced  at  once,  and 

engaged  in  somo  brilliant  skirmishes  at  Buckhan-  was  made  with  such  impetuosity  that, 

non,  but  it  was  not  till  July  10th  that  any  largo  ""'               notwithstanding  tho  fact  of  Roseeran* 

body  of  Confederate  troops  was  met  with.     This  hdnj;  vrithont  cannon,  and  opposed  to  tho  enemvV 


ADVANCE   OF   GENERAL   BOSEORAHSS    DIVISION   THROUGH   THE    FORESTS,  TO    ATTACK   THE   COKFE 


f   RICH   MOC-VTAIS". 


asntmned  long,  however,  before  a  strong  body  of 
Confederate  cavalry  appeared  on  tho  scene,  and 
would  doubtless  soon  have  made  tho  position  un- 
tenable to  tho  Federal  troops  but  for  the  timely 
arrival  of  Harnett's  Cleveland  Battery. 

The  latter'a  admirable  shelling  of  the  woods  alone 
provonted  the  further  rallying  of  the  opposite  force, 
and  soon  compelled  its  (light.  The  Fadoral  loss  in 
this  engagement  was  two  killed  and  six  wounded, 
whilst  that  of  tho  Confederates  was  reported  to  be 
fully  twenty  killed  and  twice  as  many  hon  dc  eomb^' 
General  Morris's  force  was  afterward  advanced  close 
to  the  western  base  of  Laurel  Hill,  'he  woods  bein£ 


i  part  of  the  force  under  Colonel  Fcgram,  found    masked  battery,  tho  fight  lasted  scarcely  an  hour, 


to  he  in  a  strongly  intrenched  positi' 
Mountain,  which  commanded  the  road  to  Stsnn- 
ton,  the  principal  highway  to  Southern  Virginia. 
MeClellan  immediately  divided  his  force,  sending 
tho  Sixteenth  Ohio,  and  the  Eighth,  Tenth  and 
Thirteenth  Indiana  iicginients,  as  well  as  Burdsall's 
Cavalry,  tho  whole  under  command  of  Colonel  W.  S. 
Koseerant,  who  was  accompanied  by  Colonel  F.  W. 
Lander,  to  attack  Pegram's  position,  while  ho 
himself  would  advance  on  the  Confederate  camp  at 
Zsinrel  ID  11. 

Tho  r  lavement  of  Colonei  fiosecruns  was,  how- 


and  resulted  in  tho  total  rout  of  tho  Confederates, 
who,  in  that  short  time,  Inst  abont  four  hundred 
in  killed  and  wounded,  besides  theii  guns  and  all 
their  ammunition,  tents  and  camp  equipage. 


•  TM>  ctreulion"  n 


h  Ujongh  Ilio  drew  foraw  tit  bum!  HIE!, 
country,  n-u  guided  bj  a  noodimao  aimed 
lt"*  1&8  mirth  u  IdIIdiiii:  "Wo  •twtcd  ■( 
npsnlcl  by  Cololitl  Lander,  lhronj;li  *.  pith- 


]   tL.  Ihroncb,  ieiQ  It  " 


a   plckcu,  and  if  la 


HATTLB    OF    ETCH    MOUNTAIN    BEVERLY    PIKE,    VA.    arm    A    DIWIOK    OF    GENEM 

fiENERAl    PEI 


BATTLE    OF   RICH    MOUNTAIN    BEVERLY    l'UOi,    VA-    BKl  WJSES   A    DITCIOK 


OF    GENERAL  McCLELLAN'S    COMMAND    LLD    I)V"    UENEHAL    UOSJiCJiANS,    AND    THE    CONFEDERATES    UNDER 
BENERAL    PEGRAM     TULY    12m.    1861 


toe 


THE    SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


Genera!  McClellan  discovering,  meanwhile,  that 
Garnett  had  evacuated  Laurel  Hill,  which  General 
Morris  afterward  took  possession  of,  occupied  Bev- 
erly, and  advanced  his  position  in  front  of  Pegram's 
camp,  with  the  intention  of  assaulting  it  the  next 
moming.  It  was  found,  however,  that  Pegram  had 
abandoned  it  during  the  night,  and  that  he  was 
then  endeavoring  to  join  Gamctt's  forces.  This 
was,  however,  impossible,  as  McClellan  wag  already 
at  Beverly,  and,  finding  resistance  useless,  Pegram 
offered  to  surrender  to  General  McClellan,  which  he 
did  on  Sunday,  July  14th. 

On  learning  of  Grarnett'a  flight,  General  Lander 


miles  south  of  St.  George.  There  the  Confed- 
erates made  a  stand,  and,  with  cannon 
""'  '  planted  on  an  elevation,  disputed  the 
advance  ;  but  Captain  Benham's  men  dashed  into 
the  river,  halting  under  the  bluff  until  their  artil- 
lery came  up,  and  then  attacked  the  enemy's  Hank, 
forcing  him  to  disperse. 

The  pursuit  was  continued  until  another  ford  was 
reached,  when  General  Garnett  again  attemptedto 
rally  his  forces.  Colonel  James  Barrett  Steed- 
man,  of  the  Fourteenth  Ohio,  was  close  upon 
them,  and  bore  the  brunt  of  the  heavy  tiro  di- 
rectly upon  his  men    by   Colonel   Taliaferro,    of 


miles,  bivouacked  that  night  at  the  Ford,  ha  ring 
lost  in  all  not  over  twelve  killed  and  wounded.  It 
was  expected  that  General  Hill,  who  was  then  at 
Rowlesburg,  on  the  line  of  the  Baltimore  and 
Ohio  Railroad,  would  intercept  the  remnant  of 
Garnett's  army  before  it  eould  cross  the  mountains, 
and  would  capture  it  at  either  St.  George  o; 
Western  Union,  but  for  some  unexplained  reason 
this  was  not  done.  The  entire  body  was  allowed  to 
escape  into  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  and  to  join  tin. 
forces  gathered  there  under  General  T.  J.  ("  Stone- 
wall ")  Jackson,  at  Monterey. 

While  all  thi3  was  going  on,  Gcnc*il  Cox   had 


11IE   BATTLE  OF  RICH   MOUNTAIN.  VA.- THE   UNITED   STATES   TROOPS   UNDER  GENERAL   HOSBURANS,   OP  GENERAL   Mr;CLELLAN'S   COMMAND; 
THE  CONFEDERATES    UNDER  GENERAL   1'EURAM- THE   THIRTEENTH    INDIANA    CAPTURE   A  GUN. 


had  heen  sent  with  a  force  of  Ohio  men  after  (he 
fugitives,  with  whom  he  had  several  skirmishes,  in 
one  of  which  he  had  a  horse  shot  under  him,  and 
the  result  of  which  was  the  capture  of  roan"  tj's- 
oners,  with  a  loss  01  but  two  men. 

McClellan  had  likewise  dispatched  Captain  II.  W. 
Benbam,  United  States  Engineers,  with  eighteen 
hundred  men,  to  the  assi stance  of  General  Morris, 
who  had  actively  pursued  the  enemy  one  or  two 
miies  beyond  Leedsville,  where  they  had  halted  for 
the  night.  CapLiin  Bonham  effected  the  desired 
junction  with  General  Morris,  and  the  combined 
forces  continued  the  pursuit,  notwithstanding 
(bo  raiD,  all  the  following  day,  finally  overtaking 
the  enemy  at  a  place  called  Carrick's  Ford,  eight 


the  Twenty-third  Virginia  Regiment.  He  stood 
his  ground  well  until  joined  by  Burnett's  Battery 
and  the  Seventh  and  Ninth  Indiana  Regiments. 

The  Seventh  Indiana,  under  Colonel  Dumont, 
was  then  ordered  to  cross  the  river  between  the  two 
fires,  and  to  engage  the  Confederates  in  front. 
This  was  promptly  done,  but  by  the  time  the  men 
bad  reached  the  summit  of  the  opposite  bank,  the 
Confederates  had  dispersed.  Garnett  endeavored 
to  make  one  more  stand,  at  a  ford  a  quarter  of  a 
mile  further  on,  and,  while  doing  so,  was  mortally 
wounded,  his  men  flying  in  wild  confusion  to  the 
monn  tains. 

Further  pursuit  was  abandoned.  The  Federals, 
who  bad  by  this  time  made  a  forced  marsh  of  twenty 


successfully  held  his  own  in  the  Kanawha  Valley. 
He  had  captured  Barboursville,  repulsed  Wise's 
forces  at  Scarytown,  and  forced  their  retreat  to 
Charleston,  then  to  Gauley  Bridge,  and  as  far  as 
Lewisburg,  the  capital  of  Greenbrier  County. 

The  immediate  result  of  the  above  brilliant  eerie? 
of  victories  under  Generals  McClellan,  Rosecrans, 
Morris,  and  Cox,  was  the  evacuation  of  Harper's 
Ferry  and  the  abandonment  by  the  Confederates 
of  all  of  Western  Virginia. 

On  the  24th  of  July,  Colonel  Rosecrans  was  pro- 
moted to  be  a  brigadier-general,  and  was  placed  in 
command  of  the  "  Department  of  the  Ohio,"  just 
vacated  by  General  McClellan,  who  was  ordared  to 
Washington,   to    take  personal   command  of  the 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


TJUJi     lHJItlAL 


Army  of  tho  Potomac.  General  Garnott  was  6uc- 
rceded  by  General  Robert  E.  Lee,  who,  on  the  20th 
of  April,  resigned  his  commission  in  tho  United 
States  Army,  and  was  appointed,  by  Governor 
Letcher,  to  tho  command  of  nil  tho  forc"a  of  tho 
Mato  of  Virginia, 

FIRING  ON  A  FLACf  OF  TRUCE. 

Comionoitrc  8nuKGH43I,  in  n  disputed  dated  July  6lu, 

1801,  gnvo  tbo  following  account  of  (be  firing  upon  a  flng  of 

truce  off  Scwnll's  Point :  "A  small  steam  or  ivus  sent  with  a 

4u;,  CoinmtiinliT  I '"ji.oji  in  nun nil,  for  the- purpose  of  Liking 

:;nyadauglite>r  of  Colonel  Si'gur,  in  co  nip  I  knee  with  uvUr-jc- 


KLL    IN    THE    BATTLE    OF     iUUIi    MOUNTAIN. 


tions  from  the  Navy  Deportment,  notice  having  been  piven 
to  Brigadicr-grnt  nil  Benjamin  linger.  After  passing  tho 
batteries  nt  Sownli'l  Point  nnd  Bush  Point,  a  shot  was  Oral 
nl  tho  steamer  from  Crsney  Islitu  1.  which  pnsscd  directly 
across  ber  bow,  rind  strut.' k  within  twenty  feet.  '  Had  not 
the  engine  been  stopped,"  soya  Commander  Cose  to  hi* 
report,  'at  tho  flush,  tint!  the  boot  turned  n  little  to  star 
board,  the  shot  must,  I  think,  have  struck  her.'  Com- 
mander Case  then  took  to  his  barge,  aud  hail  Dot  proceeded 
mora  than  three  or  four  boat's  lengths  from  the  sleamcr  to- 
ward Craney  Island,  where  Uic  flags  Mere  usually  communi- 
cated, whin  n  second  shot  was  flrcd  ot  ths  b:trge,  which 
passed  directly  over,  and  struck  about  thirty  yards  from 
her.  Two  officers  i-auie  oil  in  n  bunt,  mid  to  tho  question  of 
Conimnnder   Csse,  '  Who   commanded  at   Cnmey  Island  f 


they  answered:  'Colonel  Richardson.'  To  tho  question, 
'Whether  they  ititi. n-l- <1  I"  lire  upon  n  flag  of  trucot'llit 
senior  officer  replied:  'It  was  tho.  result  of  ignorance  Tin 
commanding  officer  gnvo  tho  word  to  tire  the  shot  and  slop 
the  steamer.'" 

Commodore  Stringham'a  letter,  staling  that  Commander 
Case  was  ready  to  receivo  Mis?  Bcgnr,  was  forwarded  1< 
Qeneml  linger,  and,  {•■•■•  iving  m  niuwer  after  four  hours 
waiting,  tho  Commander  relumed.  Commodore  String-horn 
closed  his  dispulch  as  follows :  '  I  can  but  express  very  great 
surpriso  at  such  ! rent ni' -lit,  el  n-iil ring  the  courtesy  with 
which  flags  of  tntco  frmn  Norfolk  Imve  Wen  received  by  me. 
1  feel  unwilling  to  hold  further  communication  until  a  full 
explanation  Is  offered  by  Brigadier-general  Hugcr  or  ib" 
Commanding  officer  at  Norfolk." 


THE   ■■  ADRIATIC,"  OF  PHILADELPHIA,   BEABIKG   A   FLAM  OF   TRUCE,   FIRED   UPON   BY   THE   CONFEDERATE    BATTERY 
ON    CRANEY    ISLAND.   NEAR   NORFOLK.   VA. 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


THE     SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CIVIL     IV  Art 


roj 


I'HR  BA'i"i'LE    OF   BULL 
OE    M.VN'ASSAS. 


2UN, 


Ths  battle  of  Bull  Gun,  which  the  Coniederate3 
Balled  the  battle  of  Manassas,  was  the  Trat  really 
important  action  of  the  Civil  War. 
Tho  scene  laya  fewmiles  to  the  nc.-th- 
west  of  Manilla*  Junction,  about  twenty-nine  niil=3 
south  of  Washington,  on  the  banks  of  tho  Bull  linn, 
a  small  stream  which  rises  in  tho  range  of  hills 
bearing  tho  same  name,  and  which  runs  nearly  west 
to  cast,  omptying  in  tho  Occonuan  River. 

General  Irvin  McDowell,  who,  since  his  appoint- 
ment. May  27th,  to  tho  Command  of  tho  newly- 
n.-oaicrt  "Department  of  Washington,"  had  heen 
steadily  organizing  the  troops  which,  under  Presi- 
dent Lincoln's  proclamations  of  April  la'.li  and  May 


McDowell  had  organized  bis  forces  into  fixe 
division?,  as  follows : 

First  Division,  embracing  four  brigades,  under 
General  Daniel  Tyler.  Tho  First  Brigade,  com- 
manded by  Colonel  Erasmus  D.  Keyes,  included 
the  First,  Second  and  Third  Connecticut,  and  the 
Fourth  Maine  Regiments,  with  Captain  Varinn's 
Now  York  Buttery,  and  Company  B  of  tho  Second 
United  States  Cavalry.  The  Second  Brigade,  com- 
manded by  Brigadier-general  R.  C.  Sebenek,  in- 
cluded the  Second  New  York,  and  tho  First  nnd 
Second  Ohio  Regiments  and  a  light  battcrv.  with  a 
part  of  Company  E,  Third  United  States  Artillery. 
The  Third  Brigade,  commanded  by  Colonel  Wil- 
liam T.  Sherman,  included  the  Now  York  Thir- 
teenth. Sixty-ninth  and  Seventy-ninth,  nnd  the 
Second  Wisconsin  Rcgimonis.  nnd  a  light  battery, 


and  the  Fifth  Massachusetts  Regiments,  Company 
E,  Second  TJnitcu  States  Cavalry,  and  a  light  bsi 
tory,  with  Company  I,  of  tho  First  United  State* 
Artillery.  Tho  Second  Brigade,  commanded  by 
Colonel  0.  B.  Wilcox,  included  the  Eleventh  New 
Y'ork  and  the  First  Michigan  Regiments,  and  d 
light  battery,  with  Company  D.  of  tho  Second 
United  States  Artillery.  The  Third  Brigade,  com 
manded  by  Colonel  0.  0.  Howard,  included  the 
Second  Vermont  and  tho  Second,  Fourth  and  Fifth 
Maine  Regiments. 

Fourth  Division,  const  1  luting  tho  reserve,  i.adcr 
General  Theodore  Runyon,  included  the  First, 
Second,  Thin]  and  Fourth  New  Jersey  three-months 
militia,  and  tho  First,  Second  and  Third  New  Jersey 
throe-years  volunteer  regiments. 

Fifth   Division,  embracing  two  brigades,  under 


ј8S 


THE    FIHRT    MICHIGAN    HEfililENT    AND    THE    ELLSWORTH   ZOUAVES   IN    THE    ENTRENCHMENTS    AT    ALEXANDRIA,  TA. 


3n,  kept  pouring  into  tho  capital,  found  himself, 
curly  in  July,  with  an  avuilablo  force  of  about 
thirty-live  thousand  men.  Nearly  one-third  of 
these,  however,  wore  then  about  completing  the 
three-mouths  term  for  which  they  had  enlisted. 

An  advance  upon  tho  daily  increasing  Confede- 
rate forces  opposing,  and  threatening  the  neat  of 
Kcrnment,  had   been  decided  upon  by  the  War 
I  Department,  though,  it  must  justly  bo  said,  con- 
;   Entry  to  the  hotter  judgment  of  Lieutenant-general 
I  Seott  and  General  McDowell. 

a  "On  to  Richmond"  popular  cry  had  long 
nded  throughout  tho  North,  and,  sharing  in 
the  general  belief  that  an  advance  in  forco  would 
inly  prevent  the  meeting  of  tho  "irst  Confede- 
rate Congress,  to  ho  held  July  20th,  but  substan- 
tially end  the  war,  pressure  was  exerted  to  the 
ntmost,  lest  even  the  Government  ho  charged  with 
something  more  than   actual  indifference. 

Arrnngements  for  an  aggressive  movement  wero 
I  ttnallv  completed.  Julv  15tt 


with  part  of  Company  E,  Third  United  Slutca 
Artillery.  The  Fourth  Brigade,  commanded  by 
Coloutl  J.  B.  Richardson,  included  the  Second 
and  Third  Michigan,  the  Twelfth  Now  York,  and 
the  First  Massachusetts  Regiments. 

Second  Division,  embracing  two  brigades,  under 
Colonel  David  Hunter.  The  First  Brigade,  com- 
manded by  Colonel  Andrew  Porter,  included  the 
the  Eighth  and  Fourteenth  Now  York  Regiments, 
a  battalion  of  regular  infantry,  a  snnudron  of  the 
Second  United  States  Cavalry,  and  a  battery  of  the 
Fifth  United  States  Artillery.  The  Second  Brigade, 
commanded  by  Colonel  Ambrose  E.  Bnrnside,  in- 
cluded the  First  and  Second  Rhode  Island,  tho 
Second  New  Hampshire  and  the  Seventy-first  New 
York  Regiments',  with  a  battery  of  the  Second  Rhode 
Island  Artillery. 

Tfiirt?  Division,  embracing  three  brigades,  under 
Colonel  Samuel  P.  Heintzelman.  The  First  Bri- 
gade, commanded  by  Colonel  "W.  B.  Franklin,  in- 
cluded the  First  Minnesota,  the  Fourth  Pennsylvania 


Colonel  Dixon  S.  Miles.  The  First  Rrignde,  eorr 
manded  by  Colonel  Louis  Blenkor  included  thf 
Eighth  and  Twenty-ninth  New  York,  the  New  York 
Garibaldi  Guard,  and  the  Twenty-fourth  Pennsyl- 
vania licgimenta.  Tho  Second  Brigade,  commanded 
by  Colonel  Thomas  A.  Davics,  included  the  Six. 
te'enth.  Eighteenth.  Thirty-first  and  Thirty-second 
New  York  Regiments,  nnd  a  light  battery,  with 
Company  G,  of  the  Second  United  States  Artillery. 

All  the  divisions  loft  camp  or.  the  afternoon  ol 
the  ICth  of  July,  tho  main  body  advancing  earlj 
tho  following  day  toward  Fairfax  Court 
House,  where  it  was  expected  the  Con- 
federates would  make  a  stand. 

General  Tyler's  division,  forming  tlio  extreme 
right  wing,  took  the  Leesbwg  Road,  and  occupied 
Vienna  that  evening.  Tho  central  column,  under 
General  Hunter,  entered  the  direct  turnpike  road 
leading  to  Fairfax  Court  House.  Hcintzelman's 
division  went  out  from  near  Alexandria,  along  the 
Little  Elver  Turnpike,  and  MOes's  force  -jitereo 


io4 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


THE    SOLDIliR     IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


105 


Fourth    Pcnnsyh 
buttery  having  completed  their  time  of  service, 
returned  to  Washington  on  their  way  homo. 

Tho  advance  took  place  lit  two  o'clock  Sin 
morning,  the  2UL     Tyler's  division,  with   Ay 


uml  Carlisle's  butteries,  moved  along  tlie  X 


the  old  Braddock   Itoad,  occupying  the  extreme  left 
of  ilic  Federal  advance. 

Gencnil  Patterson's  troops,  numbering  ahont 
16,000  men,  were  opposing  at  Martinsburg  tlic 
force  o[  General  Joseph  E.  Johnston,  who  occupied 
Winchester.  In  accordance  with  instructions,  Pat- 
terson reached  Cliarlestown  on  Jnly  17th,  and  re- 
mained there,  holding  in  check,  but  not  daring  to  Ruilwn; 
attack,  what  he  supposed  to  be  a  much  superior 
force,  well  intrenched,  and  believing  tbat  Johnston 
could  not  elude  him  in  time  to  meet  McDowell's 
attack,  promised  by  General  Scott  on  tho  ICth  or 
17th.  This  Johnston  did,  however,  on  the  morn- 
ing of  the  lBth,  and,  as  will  be  seen  later,  succeeded 
in  joining  and  co-operating  effectually  with  Beaure- 
gard's forces  at  Bull  Run,  whicli  were  not  attacked 
until  the  21st. 

Upon  arriving    at    Fairfax    Court    House,  abont 
noon  of  the  17th,  it  was  found  that  tlie  enemy  had 
abandoned    the   place  and   retired    to    CentreVtllr. 
General     McDowell,    with    Tyler's    division,    tbon 
marched  on   to  Georgetown,  a  small  village  about 
two    miles  further   on    the   Warrenton    Tnrnpik 
where    they  encamped    for   the  night,  and 
from   whicli  place  they  inado  a.  rcco'jnois- 
smicc  early  the  following   morning,  which 
resulted  in  their  marching  through  Ceiitre- 
villo,  at  about  nine  o'clock.    They  halted 
in  a  valley  close  by,  where  the  Confederates 
had   erected  strong  earthworks,  then  held 
by   a   brigade  of    South    Carolina,   troops, 
under  General  M.  L.  Bonlinm. 

These,  however,  retired,  at  Tyler's  ap- 
proach, to  Mitchell's  Ford,  in  occordunco 
wilb  previous  instructions.  These  instruc- 
tions, wbicb  likewise  affect  oil  the  Confed- 
erate troops  then  at  Fairfax  Court  House, 
us  well  as  at  Fairfax  Station,  bad,  strange 
as   it   may  appear,  been   issued  by  General 

Beauregard,    as  far   back   as   tho    20th    of 

June.     In  saying  tbis,  wc  bear  full  tribute 

to    what    Mr,    Roman   calls    "one  of    the 

most    re  in  linkable     instances     in     military 

history,  of  an    order   providing   fully    and 

precisely,  nearly  a  month    in   advance,  for 

all  the  exigencies  of  a  strategic  movement 

remotely  contingent   upon    tho   operation* 

of  an  enemy." 

Another  reconiioissance,  with  four  regi- 
ments   of     Richardson's    brigade,    Ay  res  r         ^ 

battery    and    a  squadron    of    cavalry,  was 

made    toward    noon    in    the    direction    of 

Blackburn's  Ford,  where  General  Beaure- 
gard llion  was,  and  where    General  James 

Longstrcet  had  been  posted  with  tlie  First, 

Eleventh  and   Seventeenth  Virginia  Regi- 

ineiils  and  two  guns.     Most  of  these  Hoops 

lay  concealed  in  the  woods.  The  Confed- 
erate   lino   extended    soma    five  miles,  and 

embraced,  besides  Longstreel'a  troops,  tho 

brigade  of   General   Bonham,  with  Colonel 

Radford's     cavalry     and     Kemper's    and 

Sliields's  batteries,  at  Mitchell's  Ford,  and 

si  part  of  Evans's  brigade,  with  four  guns 

and  two  companies  of  cavalry,  at  the  Stone 

On    Longstrccl's    right    stood    Geueial     D.    H. 

Jones's    brigade,    with     cavalry    and    artillery,    at 
McLean's   Ford,  and    E well's   brigade  was   at   Iho 

Union   Mills  Ford,  with  some  Virginia  cavalry  and    who   should,  by  about  that   tii 
four  guns,  supported  by  Early's  brigade,  with  seven    tlieir  circuit  through  the  forest 


The  time  was  fast  approaching  when  the  term  of  and  Bartow's  brigades,  taken  from  the  recently 
enlistment  of  many  of  McDowell's  troops  would  arrived  portion  of  the  force  under  Johnston,  whoso 
expire,  and  he  felt,  besides,  the  necessity  for  a  vig-  other  brigade,  under  General  T.  J.  {"  Stonewall") 
orous  and  a  prospective  final  attack,  wbicb,  he  Jackson,  was  given  to  General  Bouhani.  Jones  had 
thought,  could  be  most  successfully  received"  Early's  brigade,  and  that  under  General 
jn-T.  um.  p^jj^  ont  by  jsoiutins  Beauregard's  Holmes,  as  well  as  the  First  Arkansas  and  tho  Sec- 
forces   through    the  seizure  of   the   Miuuusoa   Gap    ond  Tennessee,  was  given  a  place  in  Ewell's  rear. 

trated    all    his   troops  about       The  Island,  Bull  and  Lewis  Fords  were  protected 

tniville,  and   kept   up  reconnoissance3  all   the    by  ten  companies  of  infantry,  two  of  cavalry  and 

19th,  with  the  view  of  renewing  the  attack  the  day  four  guns,  and  Hampton's  Legion  was  sent  to  tho 
following,  but  was  not  then  in  a  position  to  advance,  Lewis  House,  to  aid  there  in  case  of  need.  Tho 
by  reason  of  the  needed  supplies  nut  reaching  him  reserves  were  at  Camp  Pickens,  and  Evans's  brigado 
as  expected.  still  held  the  Stone  Bridge. 

McDowell's  forces  on  the  evening  of  Jnly  20th,        The  fire  was  opened  by  Edwards's    Fifth   Artil- 

not  counting  the  5,000  reserve  of   New  Jersey  rcgi-    lery,  then  attached  to  Carlisle's,  under  Lieutenaut 

monts   under  General    Runjon,  stationed    back  of    Haines,  and  was  kept  up  both  directly  in  front  and 

Ccntreville,  was  about  28,000  men,  with  forty-nine    by  a  brigade  which  Tyler  had  sent  down  toward  the 

"     ford  to  carry  out  the  original  plan. 

Colonel  Evans,  believing  that  a  real  attack  had 
been  begun  upou  his  forces,  so  advised  General 
Beauregard,  and  reinforcements  were  sent  forward, 
especially  with  tlie  object  of  engaging  the  Federal 


Mcdowell. 


ton    left  wing  at  Ccntreville.     The  possibility  of  auoh 

move  had,  however,  been  anticipated  by 
McDowell,  who  had  ordered  Howard's 
brigade  to  bo  ready  there  to  assist  Miles 
nnd  Richardson  if  necessary. 

It  was  not  long  before  Evans  became 
sati.-lied  that  the  real  assault  would  bo  on 
his  flank,  and  at  half-past  eight  ho  deter- 
mined to  chango  his  position.  Leaving 
only  four  companies  of  Sloan's  Fourth 
South  Carolina  Regiment  at  the  Slonu 
Bridge,  wbicb  ho  had  been  ordorcd  to  hold 
at  all  hazards,  he  took  tho  rt-maindor  of 
Sloan's  regiment  and  five  companies  of 
Wheat's  Louisiana  regiment,  iiIbo  two  guns 
from  Latham's  battery,  and,  with  them, 
occupied  a  position  on  tho  Brontsvillo 
Road. 

There,  Bnrnside's  brigado,  which  bad 
been  long  delayed  by  the  difficult  road  it 
had  to  encounter,  came  up  at  ten  o'clock, 
led  by  tho  Second  Rhode  Island,  under 
Colonel  Sl'ciini,  which,  with  tho  New 
York  Severn  Hirst,  Colonel  Martin,  tbo 
Second  New  Hampshire,  Colonel  Maiston, 
and  Griffin's  and  Reynolds's  artillery,  at 
mica  opened  fire. 

This  was  kept  up  fiercely  for  over  an 
liuur,  and  told  severely  on  tbo  smaller  Oou- 
fi  derate  force,  until  tbo  latter  was  rein- 
forced by  additional  guns  and  by  detach- 
ments under  Generals  Bee  and  Bartow. 
This  enabled  the  Confederates  the  hotter 
to  maintain  tboir  position,  arid  might 
have  turned  tho  tide  hut  for  the  timely 
arrival  of  Sherman's  brigade,  led  by  the 
Now  York  Sixty-ninth,  Colonel  Corcoran, 
us  well  as  of  detachments  from  Porter's 
brigade,  then  coming  down  the  Smiley 
Springs  ltoad,  and  of  the  much  delayed 
Third  Division,  under  General  Hciulzcl- 
mun.     This    additional    force   soon    broke 


Turn  pi 

i    open 


TJi.i 


j  to  be  in  position  at  four  o'clock  the  Confederate  lines,  compelling  them  to  fall  back 
the  Confederates  at   the  Stouo  npon  a  plateau  south  of  the  Stone  Bridge. 
Bridge,  whilst  the  real  attack  was  to  be  made  by  the  It  was   now  high    noon.     The  first  real  engage- 
combined  forces  under  Hunter  and    HeinUtlmun,  incut  had  resulted  in  favor  of   the  Federals,  leaving 
have  completed  them   in   an   excellent   position    to    follow    up  the 
1  and  across  the  vantage  gained.     No  time  was  to  be  lost,  however, 
Cub  Run,  near  Sudley  Chnrcb,  and  been  ready  to  in    order   to    reap,    if    possible,    more    an  tat  mii.il 
Avres's  battery  opened  on   tho  Confederates,  and    full  on  the  Confederate  rear.  results  before  the  enemy  could  ho  reinforced 

■  ut  forward    ,,s        Miles's  division,  reinforced   by  Richardson's  nri-  Thoposition  of  Howard's  brigade  was  unchanged. 

boiiie  oiio-iged    gade    was  to  act  as  a  reserve  on  the  extreme  left  at    Bnrnside's  brigade,  after  exhausting  its   a uin- 

"    Twelfth    Centrcville,  the  brigade  under  Keyes  remaining  to  tion,  bud  been  ordered  to  the  rear,  but  I  be  brigades 

d"tbe   Second    watcb   the  road    leading   to   Manassas.     McDowell  under  Keyes  and    Shermunhad  joined 

■t  them,    now   felt  certain  of  success,  as  be  believed   in  his  commanded  by  Hui ' 


Second  Michigan  Regiment  v 
These,  however,  soon 
ntrst,  the  Third    Micbigar 


York,  First   Massachusetts, 
cd   Stales  Cavalry,  were  sent  to  I 


ippm-t 


int  of  the  fact    the  Confederates  hud  be 


irnl.  i 

a  forced  beyond  the  Ste 


and  were  met  by  a  strong  fire  from  hidden  artillery    superiority  of  numbers,  boil.,,  .c 

that  Johnston's  force,  instead  of  being  held  back  by    Bridge,  the  latter  might  be  crossed  by  the  rema.ndei 


infantry  which  compelled  them  to  fall  ba 
Reinforced  at  once  by  Sherman's  brigade,  in 
front  of  which  stood  Corcoran's  Kcw  York  Sixty- 
ninth  Regiment,  they  again  advanced  uu  Lung- 
street's  position,  wbicb  had,  meanwhile,  received 
tbo  assistance  of  E;irly's  brigade. 

The  lighi  continued  fiercely  till  after  four  o'clock, 
when  General  McDowell  ordered  a  retreat  to  Cl-u- 
ireville,  having  found,  by  an  extended  rcconnois- 
sauce,  that  bis  intended  movement  on  the  enemy's 
left  would  be  impracticable. 

The  total  Confederate  loss  was  reported  at  sev- 
enty;  that  of  tho  Federals  being  cighty-ihreo 
killed,  wounded  and  missing. 


Patterson  at  Winchester,  had,  as  we  have  seen,  been  of  Tyler's  division. 
allowed  to  escape,  and   had  already  by  that  lime  Tlie    plateau    could   only   be    successfully   corn- 
added  Bis  thousand   men  to  tho  Confederate  force  inauded  from  where  stood  the    Henry  House,  and 
undor  General  Beaure-ard,  ihen  representing  30.SS8  this  was  the  Confederates'  strongest   position,  de- 
mon and  fifty-five  gnus.  fended  bv  thirteen  guns  admirably  distributed,  and 

By  a  singular  coincidence,  Beauregard  hud  con-  supported  by  the  brigades  under   Evans,  Bee  and 

templated  an  attack  upon  ibe  Federals  at  the  same  Bartow. 

time   his  order  for  an  advance  upon  the  hitler  at  In    a  southwesterly   direction    from    tho   Henry 

Ccntreville,  though  for  a  later  hour,  bearing  ihe  House  was  a  hill  wbicb,  in   turn,  commanded   the 

same  date  as  tbat  of  McDowell.  plateau.     Both  Griffith's  and    R,,ke.ts  s  ba.tenes. 

The  Confederate  line  was  much  the  same  as  on  supported  by  the  New  York  Eleventh  (Ellswonhs 

July  18th.     Longstrcet  had  additional  support  in  Fire   Zouaves),  were  ordered  totiike  ( 

Barksdale's  Mississippi  regiment,  and  in  both  Bee's  Before  this  was  done,  however,  the  ^ona 


,nd   hold  it. 
s.whohad 


BVTTLE   OF   BULL   RUN,  VA"  FOUGHT,  JULY   21st.  1861.  BETWEEN   THE   FEDERAL   ATCirY,  COMMANDED   BY 


p-\ttle  of  dull  uun,  va,  fought,  july  2i.=r.  ism.  between  the  federal  army.  commanded  by  general  Mcdowell,  and  ttfe  confederatf  m*my,  commanded  BY  GENERALS  HEAURF.GARD  and  johnsto> 


'  iuS 

advanced  boldly,  had  been  confronted 
by  an  Alabama  r:gimcnt,  which  ai  tacked 
[hem  on  the  flunk,  while  two  companies 
of  the  Black  Horse  Cavalry  dashed  upon 
ilieir  rear,  disponing  the  entire  body. 
Then  Ucintzelman  ordered  successively 
the  Fourteenth  New  York,  the  First 
Minnesota  and  the  First  Michigan  to 
the  support  of  the  butteries,  but  the 
forec  e'ery  time  opposed  to  them  was 
loo  great,  anil  they  also  had  finally  to 
retire,  leaving  behind  them  the  batteries, 
the  men  and  horses  attached  to  which 
had  become  disabled  at  the  very  first 
volley. 

"  Stonewall "  Jackson  subsequently  at- 
tempted  at  tlir-io  different  times  to  take 
these  batteries  away  from  the  field;  but 
he  was  every  time  drivn  back  by  the 
Zouaves  and  by  the  Thirty-eighth  New 
York  Regiment,  who  finally  bore  them 
away  beyond  the  enemy's  reach. 

The  Second  Maine,  Colonc!  Jamiestm, 
and  the  Third  Connecticut,  Colonel 
Chalticld,  ha',  meanwhile,  been  ordered 
to  silence  a  battery  of  eight-  guns,  which 
was' at  Robinson's  buildings,  and  had 
been  doing  considerable  damage.  Their 
efforts  were,  however,  unsuccessful. 
They  found  themselves  exposed  to  a 
galling  lire  ou  all  sides,  and  they,  like- 
wise, iiad  to  fall  back. 

While    this  was  going   on,  Sherman's 
brigade,  occupying  the  ceitral  position, 
had   been  ordered  to  charge    upon    the 
Confederate    batteries  still    on    the  pla- 
Leau.     It  crossed   the  Wurrenton    Turn- 
pike, and  dashed  up  the  hill   in   face  of 
ii  terrific  fire,  el'erimtoly  advancing  and 
retreating  iu  front  uf   the   masses  hurled 
against  it,  until,  repulsed  for  the  third   time,  it  fell 
back,  leaving  Colonel  James  Cameron    (brother  of 
the  Secretary  of  War),  of    the  New  York  Seventy- 
n  in  Hi,  dead  upon  the   flcld,  and  Colonel  Corcoran, 
of  the  Sixty -ninth  New  York,  a  prisoner. 

It  iviis  now  after  three  o'clock.  The  Confederates 
had  succeeded  iu  holding  their  position  on  the 
plateau,  and  had  been  meanwhile  reinforced, 
mainly  by  the  remainder  of  Johnston's  army,  under 
General  Kir  by  Smith,  ne  well  as  by  Fisher's  North 


SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


JAMES  CAMIiKuN. 


HeinU( 
detach  mo: 


Carolina  regiment,  and  by  part  of  Elzey's  brigade, 
with  Lieutenant  Ueckham's  buttery  from  the  re- 
serves at  Camp  Pickens. 

The  slaughter  ou  both  sides  had   been  frightful, 
the  loss  of  the  Confederates  including  (J  en  oral  8  Bee 
and   Bartow,  who  were  killed  while   respectively  at 
the    head    of    the    Fourth    Alabama  and    Seventh    complete, 
Georgia  regiments.     Generals  Beauregard,  Jackson         Early's  brigade 
and    Hampton  had,  besides,  been  wounded,  but  re-    artillery,  likow 
mained  ou  the  field,  determined   to 


united  effort  with  the  entire  force  at 
their  command,  now  swollen  to  double 
its  former  proportions. 

McDowell  had  then  in  advanced  po- 
sitions only  thirteen  thousand  men,  no 
reinforcements  whatever  having  crossed 
Bull  Run  after  noon.  Burnsidc's  bri- 
gade, it  is  true,  stood  within  call  at 
a  point  leading  down  from  Sulloy's 
Springs  to  ti  rove  ton,  having  rested  since 
twelve  o'clock,  and  the  brigade  under 
Schenck  remained  at  the  Stotio  Bridge. 
Neither  of  them,  however,  were  now 
called  into  requisition. 

Beauregard  concent  rated  his  forces 
upon  McDowell's  right  and  rear.  The 
rear  was  at  once  fiercely  attacked  by 
Early's  brigade,  while  upon  tbo  flanks 
dashed  the  fresh  brigade  led  by  Gen- 
oral  Elzey,  with  the  Tenth,  Thirteenth 
and  Twenty-eighth  Virginia,  tbo  First 
Maryland,  Second  and  Eighth  South 
Carolina,  and  the  Third  Tennessee  Regi- 
ments, Under  this  resolute  and  cuin- 
uined  attack  that  part  of  the  plateau 
which  the  Federal  troops  had  just  occu- 
pied was  soon  abandoned. 

The    overpowering    blow  seemed   iu- 
itautaneous  on  all  sides.     The  repeated 
|S  v    efforts  to  rally  the  troops  were  fruitless. 
Wjf  J     Ilia  short  time   the  entire  Federal  line 
■  seemed  to  havo  broken  in  disorder,  the 

force  under  General  Sykes  apparently 
alone  making  an  effort  to  withstand  the 
tide.  His  eight  companies  of  regular 
troops  not  only  held  the  enemy  in  ciieck, 
but  maintained  a  bold  front  while  cover- 
ing the  retreat,  until,  last  to  leave  the 
field,  they  were  finally  compelled  to 
yield  to  the  masses  against  thorn- 
man  endeavored  to  make  a  stand  with 
ts  of  United  States  Cavalry  and  Arnold's 
battery,  but  to  no  purpose,  A  panic  had  appa- 
rency seized  tho  Federals,  who,  abandoning  every- 
thing, were  now  flying  on  all  sides  toward  the 
nassages    leading    to   Oeiitrcville.     Tho   route  was 


/ 


lake  a  final,     Beckhai 


was  sent  in  pursuit  with   flying 

detachments    under   Stuart  and 

whilst  other  forces  under  Cash,  Kershaw, 


THE  UN'tTEU  STATES  GENERAL  HOSPITAI 


FORMERLY   THE   UNION   HOTEL. 


THE    SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


109 


Preston  and  Withers, 
Ham[iton'e  Legion  and 
Kemper's  battery,  fol- 
lowed by  the  Warrenton 
Itoad  across  the  Stone 
Bridge,  which  Scbenck 
had  cleared  uwh_v  for  the 
pnasage  of  troops  forward 
when  the  rout  began. 

The  Confederates  con- 
tinued the  pnrsuit  until 
the  last  of  the  Federals 
had  found  rcfugo  beyond 
the  Centreville  ridge.* 

To  protect  tlio  retreat, 
McDowell  had  ordered  a 
brigade  placed  at  the  Cub 
Run,  on  the  Warrenton 
Road,  as  well  us  detach- 
ments under  Colonels 
Porter  and  lilenkcr,  both 
nf  whom  admirably  ful- 
filled tho  difficult  tusk 
assigned  them. 

By  nino  o'clock  that 
evening  t'io  iast  of  tlio 
Federal  fugitives  had 
reached  Controville.  A 
council  was  then  held,  at 
which  it  was  decided  best 
to  continue  the  retreat  In 
the  defenses  of  Washing- 
ton, and    with    Eichardi 


brigade  acting  as    a 
guard,  the  army  commenced  its  march  home- 
.rtl  before  midnight,  reaching  Arlington  Heights 
rly  in  tho  morning. 

The   Confederate    loss  was  reported    to  bo   37S 
led,    1,480    wounded    and    30    missing -  total. 


JAKES  CAMERON. 
Sons  nt  Maylown,  Pa.,  March  1st,  1N0 

enteral  u  priiiling-olni  e.  imii   Milr-i-ijui  nl 
lie  studied  law,  in  the  practice  ol  which  lal 

i|ii;ililii -.,  energy  iirnl  di/uilio.l  Ip.irius;  h" 

popularity. 

At  tho  beginning  of  the  Civil  War  be  '" 


1.SS7;  that  of  tho  Federals  being  481  killed,  1,011     command  ot  Hie  Sevenly-ninth  New  York  Highland  Rcgl 
wounded  and  1,4(10  missing- total,  3,051,  besides 
27  guns.  3  flags,  4,000  muskets,  ammunition,  tents, 
c.  etc. 
rc< 

tf  Manassas  by  General  Beauregard,  be 
promoted  to  bo  "  General "  of  tho  army  of  tho  Con- 
federate States,  to  take  rank  from  July  21st,  1S01. 

•  Roman,  lnht"  "  Mlllinir  Operations  ol  General  Ilea  urcgwuV  Vol.  I.. 

which  wiu  MUllil.nt  of  itn-lf  t-i  .'ut  hIi.ti  t.ll  ['  niemonible.  Time  and  time  again  did  they 
tf  ttoaueeeoduvW"  assault    the    hills   against    a   murderous   lire,   spurred    on 


THE  EXPRBSa  COMPANIES. 

Only  those  who  are  in  camp  can  tell  the  feverish  anxiety 

of  tho  troops  to  hear  from  their  loved  ones  u(  home',  from 


"Ml  Hem 


"  P.  F.  StoimLir,  E~}.,  EJiUir. 


1 ;  z    ;    *s>J=;Sg8јp8^ 

%  SALUTE   OF   QUE   HUBDBED   CUB*   FU1KLI   IM   FBUNT   OF   THE  STATE   HOUSE,  BICHHOHD,  VA.,  AFTER   TttE   EATTLE   OF   BULL   1 


THE     SOLDIER    IN    OUK     Cll'JL      WAR. 


MILITARY    AUTHORITIES    AT    WASHINGTON. THE    PROVOST   MARSHAL  EXAMINING   PASSES. 

whom   (■    lew   monl!i9  since,  (hey    had    fondly   Imped   only  the  Admits  una    niin-t    K\\\ti>.--Ђ   1-i.iru-    limi-a-linM   word-,  Bay.  im.ir  C'.ipe  Hvtiry,  pirkr.-d  up  n  n-fiiLT'.^  frnm  Norfolk 

deain  could  tear  tbem  away.     Alas  I    duty,  it  priiieiplc  as  both  to  the  donor  and  receiver  of  good  things  sent  to  the  named  Lynch,  who  represented  Mint  (bo  muter  plumber  "I 

Inexorulilc  as  death  to  the  honorable  niimi,  stepped  in,  and     absent  soldier.                      the  Norfflli  Novy  Yard  wus  OJthore,  nud  wished  to  ba  takia 

demanded  the  sacrifice  ol  separation  from  those  man  holds  bo  m  oft.    An  aimed  boat,  which  was  sent  for  thy  purpose,  was 

dear- a  separation  which  might  be  only  for  a  reason,  but,  TEE  "  QUAKER  CITY."  g^j  Up0n  wncn  nc,lr  ,|10  B|i0re_  mortally  wounding  Jnmo 

ahis  i  mlj.'      ajo  be  for  ail  time.     We  need  scared;  describe  The  Quaker  City,  Commander  Garr,  one  of  the  United  Lloyd,  a  seaman  of  Cliarlestown,  Mass.     A  few  thirty- two 

•:  Bcene  wL.   .  bo  thoroughly  eiplaina  itself      The  uuinc  of  States  flotilla  of  the  Potomac,  while  cmfsing  in  Lynn  Haven  pound  shells  dispersed  the  C on fede rates 


I'UE    ADAMS    E'STRKSS    i.u.MI'AJN  1  S    OFFICE    BECELVJuNQ    SOLDIERS'    LETTERS    AND    PACKAGES    FROM    HOME 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


THE  "QUAKER    CITY 


AM   ENGINE  OF  DESTRUCTION. 


watertight,  aclinu"  us  Inmys,  inimnl"!  liy  twrntyfivc  falliuiua 
of  thrcc-nnd-a-biilf-iucli  rope,  buoyed  with  largo  squares  of 
e  designed  !o  blow  up  the  Parnnu  and  other  cork,  every  two  feel  secured  to  casta  by  Iron  handles.  A 
-ili  of  tlir-l'nlniiiiir  flotilla  was  set  ndrifl  near  Aquia  Creek,  heavy  lmnih  of  boik-r-irmi,  filled  u  it  li  n  l>mss*  (up,  mid  rilled 
.rji.H  picked  up  while  li"  itirm"  (riWiird  the  I'.iumef.  It  wus  with  powdiT.  ivri.ii  suspended  ("  thi1  casks  si\  feet  under 
Otllntad  ul   two   huge  eight]  -gallon  oltcadu,  perfectly     water,     On  top  of  the  conk  wus  u  wooUen  bus,  with  i use  in  a 


In  the  centre  of  the  cork  wns  n  plntfoi  in 
!h  of  fuse  coiled  away,  occupying  the 
It  was  Intended  by  the  contrivers  of 
tes  lluii  the  shock  of  a.  collision  should 
Me  the  Charge,  and  blow  up  any  cnifl 


NED    lu    DESTROY    I  lit;    UNITED   STATES    FLOTILLA    IN    TOE    PQTOA1AU 


THE    SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR- 


if  \wјm 


THE    SOLDi^R     IN     OUR      CIVIL     WAR. 


ri3 


BATTLE    OF    WILSON'S    CHEEK 

(OAK    HILL). 

The  battle  of   Wilson's  Crock- or, 

as  tlic  Confederates  called  it,  the  buttle 

of  Oak  Hill- was,  next  lo  that  if  Bull 

Run,  the  most  important  engagement 

of  the  year.    It  took  place 

August    lOtli,  at     a   [mint 

on  Wilson's  Creek,  distant  ubotit  nine 

miles  south  of  Springfield,  Ma 

General  Nathaniel  Lyon,  who  had 
already  achieved  signal  victories  over 
the  confederate  forces  which  were 
under  Colonel  J.  S.  Marmaduke,  at 
Bonneville,  June  ISth,  and  under  Gen- 
eral  0.  J.  Itiins,  at  Dug  Springs,  Au- 
gust yd,  had  been  stationed  at  Spring- 
field   since    the   Oth  of   August.     The 


.al  , 


lands 


ndcr 


then  iu  charge  of  General  T.  W.  Swee- 
ney,  Colonel  Franz  Sigel  and  Major 
S.  D.  Sturgis,  all  of  lvhom  h"d  already 
figured  in  engagements  that  had  prac- 
tically helped  to  narrow  down  the 
OonfeJorate    hold    in    Southern    Mis- 

Lyou'a   position    at   Springfield   was 
one   of    imminent   peril,  since  he  had 
but  fi,200  men  all  told,  and  ic-inforcc- 
ments   could    not    ho  spared    him    by 
General  Fremont  from  St.  Louis, whilst 
the  threatening  Confederate  force,  just 
united    at   and    near    Wilson's    Creek, 
under  Generals  Ben  McCuIlnch,  Sterling  Pi 
Gabriel  James  Bains,  was  actnully  four  time 
than  Ins  own.     Nothing  but  a  buld   forwurd  nu 
ment  could   help  him  stay  the  possible  advance  of 
the  enemy  and  maintain  his  position. 

With  this  view  he  marched,  on  the  Oth  of  August, 
at  the  head  of   his  small  army  to  Wilson's   Creek,     men 
and  at  about  dawn   the  following  day  was  in  a  posi-    tier 
tion  to  engage  both  iho  front  and  the  right  wing  of     f;iei 
the  Confederate  forces. 

His  own  column,  which  was  to  attack  the  front, 
had  heeu  divided  into  three  brigades.  One  brigade, 
commanded  by  Major  Sturgis,  embraced  a  battalion 
of  regular  infantry  under  Captain  Plummer,  a  bat- 
talion of  Missouri  volunteers  un  lor  Major  Osier- 
bans,  a   company    of   mounted    Kansas    volunteer! 


Captain  Wood,  a  company  of  regular  cavalry     Confederates,    waving   the    Federal    (lag,  ' 

under  Lieutenant  Canfield,  und  Captain  Totton's  intontion  to  capture  some  of  (ho  guns. 
light  battery  of  six  pieces.  Another  brigade,  com-  owing  alsi 
niauded  by  Lieutenant-colonel  An- 
drews, embraced  the  First  Missouri 
Volunteers,  Captain  Steele's  battalion 
of  regulars,  and  Lieutenant  Du  Bois's 
battery  of  four  pieces.  The  third  bri- 
gade, commauded  by  Col.  DoiUlcr, 
included  the  First  Iowa,  the  First  and 
Second  Kansas  Volunteers  and  two 
hundred  mounted  Missouri  Home 
Guards. 

Sigel's  column,  intended  for  the 
attack  on  tiro  Confederate  rear,  em- 
braced the  Third  and  Fifth  Missouri 
Volunteer  Regiments,  a  company  of 
recruits,  with  a  battery  of  sis  guns, 
under  Lieutenant  Lothrop,  oue  com 
puny  of  dragoons  under  Lieutenant 
Farrand,  and  a  company  of  cavalry 
under  Captain  Carr. 

General  Sweeney,  who  had  nlniio 
slioaglv  opposed  the  advance,  was  not 
in  the  engagement, 

Lyon  had  expected  to  surprise  the 
enemy,  but  found  him  prepared,  as  an 
attack  on  the  Federal  forces  was  then 
about  being  planned,  to  be  made  wiih- 
in  the  next  twenty-four  boms. 

The  fire  was  opened  ou  the  Conhd- 
ciates  at  five  o'clock  on  tlio   morning 
.if  the  10th.     The  batteries  under  Cap- 
tain    Tolten     and     Lien- 


thai  Captain  Plummer's  troops  were 
caved  from  being  crushed  by  au  over- 
whelming force  of  over  two  thousand 
Confederates,  w  hie  h  unexpectedly 
opeued  on  him  "'bile  at  the  bend  of 
the  stream,  and  sought  ineffectually  to 
turn  the  Federal  left  flank. 

Cidouel  Sigel  had,  in  the  meantime, 
engaged  the  Confederate  rear,  with  the 
1,200  men  and  six  guns  under  his 
command,  and  had  so  well  directed 
them  as  to  successively  com]>cl  the  re- 
tirement of  Cohuul  Clin. chill's  regi- 
ment, and  bodies  of  Missourians  and 
Texas  Rangers  under  Colonel  Brown, 
the  tiro  from  his  guns  finally  driving 
tlicm  into  the  woods. 

Sigel  then  continued  his  way  along 
the  Fayetteville  Road  as  far  as  Sharp's 
Farm.  By  the  limo  be  had  reached  it, 
Hi  it  tire  from  Lyon's  heavy  guns  was 
being  heard  only  at  intervals,  leading 
him  lo  suppose  that  a  victory  bud 
idivady  beeu  won  at  the  front.  Ho 
i  hen,  the  moro  actively,  set  about  for 
:m  immediate  demonstration,  and  hud 
already  planted  bis  battery,  when  bo 
was  informed  that  a  strong  body  of 
Federals  was  approaching. 

Preparations  for  au  advance  at  onco, 
therefore,  came  to  a  standstill.    When, 
however,  the  advancing  column,  which 
in  dress  presented  much  the  sume  ap- 
pearance as  Sigel's  men,  had  reached 
within   gunshot,  Confederate  flags  were  substituted 
for  the  United  States  standards,  and  a  murderous 
fire  from  two  hidden  batteries  opened  on  the  Fed- 
end-.     The  result  to  them  proved  fatal. 

The  Confederates  dashed  forward,  kiBed  tho 
artdlerv-borses.  aud  turning  the  Fedend  flank,  soon 
complied  Sigil's  men  to  fly  in  tho  greatest  dis- 
order. Or  bis  1,200  men  aud  six  gnus,  Sigel  look 
away  about  300  men  and  hut  one  gun,  which  hitter 
Captain  Flagg  had  compelled  some  Confederate 
prisoners  to  draw  from  the  Held. 

Under  General  Lyon,  Un  Bois's  battery  still  held 

ishment   inflicted    upon  them,     the  enemy  in    check,  but  on    the  left  of  Totten's 

however   proved    to  he  by  the  combined  efforts  of    battery  the  Federals  had   by  this  timo  commenced 

Totten's  and  Du  Bois's  men,  who,  during  the  en-    to  y,eld    to  the  ever-renewing  lines.     Seeing  this, 

icd  closely  by  a  body  of    General    Lyon  transferred    Steele's  force  fi - 

~  is  to  Totten's  battery, 

t  iroops.     His  entire 

to  the  excellent  lire  from  the  batteries    nearly 


id  part  of   Totten's  battery,  in  charge  of 
larger     tenant  Sukalski,  the  remainder  of  the  buttery 


The 

which 
Kiiiifiu 


hills, 
First 


ithcr 


cniy  was  soon   driven    beyond    th 

:re    immediately   occupied    by   tin 

^irst   Iowa  and  the   Fir.-t  Missour 

Totten's  cnunnn  being  advanced   lo 

on,  while  Du    Bois's  guns  stood   in  the  re;i 

a  niuskcd  battery  of  the  Confederates.     Ill 

Federals  pushed  on,  the  First    Missouri  engiigin 

the   enemy's  right,  ami,"  with  the   aid   of  Totten 

guns,  doing  them  great  damage. 


gemeut,  had  beeu  approuc 


tonal 


Du     11  ii 


ported  by  strong  reserves,  did  splendid 
work,  following  the  main  column  until 
met  by  bodies  of  Missouri  Guards  un- 
der Generals  J.  B.  Clark,  J.  H.  Mac- 
Bride,  W.  Y.  Slack  and  M.  M.  Parsons, 
which  were  soon  engaged  by  the  in- 
fantry,   the    mounted    Horse    Guards 


BEN    JlcCULLOCli. 


d  went  forward  to  rally 
0  was  engaged,  aud  for 
hour  the  light  was  terrific,  neither  sido 
yielding.  Lyon  appeared  everywhere, 
encouraging  the  men.  who  had  becomo 
well  nigh  demoralized  at  the  repeated 
attacks  made  by  the  enemy  in  every 
direction.  His  horse  was  killed  under 
him,  and  he  was  wounded,  being  shot 
through  the  leg  and  afterward  iu  tho 
head  ;  but,  assisted  to  another  horse, 
he  onco  more  tame  forward,  this  time 
leading  a  bayonet-charge  at  the  heud 
of  Kansas  and  Iowa  regiments,  which 
had  just  lost  their  officers. 

While  in  the  act,  however,  bo  woa 
fatally  wounded  in  tlio  side,  aud  had 
to  be  taken  from  the  field.  It  was 
now  about  nine  o'clock.  Although  op- 
po"d  four  entire  hours  to  much  su- 
perior numbers,  the  Federals  had  suc- 
ceeded in  maintaining  their  ground, 
end  had  then  compelled  the  enemy  to 
bill  back  onco  more. 

Tho  command  at  tho  front  now 
devolved  upon  Major  Sturgis,  who,  not 
knowing  whether  Sigel  had  carried  out 
his  part  of  the  undertaking,  remained 
in  diuibt  as  to  what  had  best  be  done. 
While  in  this  suspo  so,  the  Federal 
troops  were,  for  the  third  time,  de- 
ceived by  the  approach  of  a  Confed- 
erate foicc  under  tho  Union  flag,  and, 
although  naturally  suffering  again 
greatly  from  tho  unexpected  attack 
i hat  followed,  stood  their  position 
manfully  till  the  artillery,  well  sup- 
ported by  a  detachment  under  Cap- 
tain Gordon  Granger,  of  General 
Lyon's  staff,  compelled  the  enemy  to 
again  leave  the  field.  The  lull  was  how- 
ever, but  temporary.     Iteinforcementfl 


BA'ITLE   OF  WILSONS  CREEK,  OR  OAK  HILL,  NEAR  SPRINGFIELD,  MO.,  AUGUS 

COINrEDOiATES  UNDER  GJSNEI 


"lip*  <"•  r 


BATTLE   OF  WILSONS  CREEK,  OR  OAK   BILL,  NEAR   SPRINGFIELD.  MO.,  AUGUST   10,   ISOL-DKITED  STATES  TROOPS   UNDER  GENERAL  LYON  AND   GENERAL  SIGEL; 

CONr'EDJRATES  UNDER  GENERAL  SItCULLOCH   AND  GENERAL  PRICE. 


ix6 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CIVIL     WAR. 


filled  op  the  Confederate  ranks,  which  again 
poured  a  poo  the  Federal  lines  till  further  resist- 
ance aeemed  iinpoaaible.  They  yielded  forcibly, 
find  in  turn  had  lo  full  back.  After  six  hours  of 
unavailing  slaughter,  Stnrgia  gave  ordeis  to  retreat. 

The  army  was  joined  by  the  remnant  of  Sigd's 
dctuch merit,  while  on  the  way  back  to  Spring- 
field, which  latter  place  was  reached  at  about  live 
o'clock  thut  afternoon,  the  enemy  having  suffered 
too  much  to  interfere  with  the  Federal  retreat. 

The  Federal  loss  was  223  killed,  721  wounded, 
mill  203  missing,  a  total  of  1,230  ;  Lhai  of  the  Con- 
federals win  ivportpd  to  be  2(15  killed,  800  wounded 
and  30   missing,  aliliongli  General   McCnllnnli  hud 


while  stationed  al  Seguin.Tex,,  during  the  month  of  Febru- 
ary, 1801,  made  the  famous  raid  on  Uib  Federal  position  a; 
Suu  Antonio,  which  resulted  in  the  surrender  of  Major-gen- 
eral David  E.  Twiggs, who  offered  no  resistance  to  the  attack, 
notwithstanding  liia  high  rank  in  the  United  Stales  Army. 

By  the  lerms  of  ilie  surrender  McCull  cb  Was  lo  receive 
ubout  3.500  men,  and  nil  the  forts,  arsenals  nod  posts  within 
the  limits  ol  Twiggs's  command,  os  well  he  arms,  slorosand 
ammunition  valued  at  fully  a  million  and  a  half  of  dollar* 
Twiggs  wns  immediately  '  dismissed  from  tbe  amy  of  the 
United  Slates  for  treachery  lo  tbe  flag  of  his  country." 
MeCullocli  wm  soon  made  a  brigadier  general  in  the  Confcd- 
erilc  Army,  anil  in  llie  follnwingJune,  crossed  the  Arkansas 
border  at  tbe  head  ofalwut  eight  hundred  men,  on  their  way 
m  Springfield,  Mo.,  near  which  place,  on  tlio  Ulli  of  July, 
lb- y,  as  well  as  General  Price's  detachment,  eirccied  n 
junction  with  tlie  forces  under  General  Claiborne  F.  Jack. 


161b,  IMS  ;  Governor  of  Missouri,  IS53-7;  *ns  made  Major- 
general  of  the  Missouri  State  forces  by  Dover,  nr  Claiborne 
F.  Jacksoo,  who,  with  General  Price,  went  afterward  on  the 
Confederate  side. 

Oa  June  13th.  1801,  tbe  forces  under  Price  and  Jo  felon 
were  defeated  by  General  Lynn  at  Bonneville,  lie  recruited 
a  large  army,  and  with  Genera]  McCulloch,  joined  the  i  oca 
Hurler  General  Jnckaou  near  Spring II eld,  July  Mill,  1601,  anil 
in  turn,  defeated  General  Lyon  nl  Wilson's  Creek,  August 
10th,  1801.  Re  was  likewise  succes  ful  at  Lexington,  Sep. 
lumber  SOlli,  1801,  cro  I  uringihu  place  with  its  entire  force  of 
about  13,200  men.  a  large  quantity  of  war  maicrial.  and 
$01)0,000  in  money,  after  an  eight  days  siege.  For  this  lie 
received  tlie  I  hanks  of  Ilie  Cm  federate  t'uiigress,  leading  Ion 
Major-general's  commission.  He  abandoned  Lexington,  Sep- 
tember SOU),  1801,  and  retreated  toward  Ark  ail  SiS.  Joined 
anew  by  Ben  McCulloch,  bo  was  defeated  at  Sugar  Creek, 


£e%z_ 


DEATH   OF   GENERAL  NATHANIEL  LYON   AT   THE   BATTLE  OF   WILSON'S   CREEK,  SPRINGFIELD,    MO.,  AUGUST   lfrru,  1801. 


said    that    tiic   Confederate    losses   much  exceeded 

those  on  llic  Fodci'ul  side,  and  General  Price,  in 
his  report  nf  August  12th,  IS01,  states  that  he  lost 
nearly  nnc-hTUi  of  bis  entire  force. 

HEN   McCULLOOH. 

Bous  iu  Rutherford  County,  Ten n..  in  1814  ;  received  but 
little  schooling,  lii'  early  dm  •  being  prated  in  hunting  ;  pro- 
ceeded to  Tex'Li  with  tbe  view  of  joining  the  expedition  of 
Davy  Crockett,  reocldng  there,  however,  after  the  laltcr's 
ilentli  ;  served  as  a  private  at  the  initio  of  8"u  Jnclolo  in 
1830  i  unleied   Da-  Mi  xh  in   war   at  tbo  bend  o(  i  body  of 

Tex"s  Runners,  on.l   (trail  )    ■ ju.-i..  d   lumsolf   al  tbo 

bailies  o1  M ell) ,  It.  >    ■■  Vi-i  ..  aud  at  Ibe  Capture  of  Ibe 

Ciiy  nf  Mexico  .  "us  appointed  n  I'mitd  Slates  marshal  in 
1653.  and  made  Commissioner  to  Utah  iu  186 7.  On  the  out- 
break of  tbe  Civil  War  be  espoused  the  Southern  cause.    He, 


son,  ex-Governor  of  Missouri.  July  18th,  1S6I,  McCulloch 
was  defeated  by  General  Lynn  at  the  battle  of  Dug  Springs, 
and,  Angus!  10th,  lie  look  part  iu  llic  battle  of  Wilson's 
Creek,  which  elided  in  the  repulse  of  the  Federal  troops. 
February  HOlll,  1S02,  he  joined  Uie  forces  of  General  Sterling 
Price,  which  were  defeated  at  Suga:  Creak  ;  and  March  Till, 
1802,  was  fatally  wounded,  while  gallantly  leading  bis 
division,  at  Hid  bntile  of  Elkhoro.  called  by  tbu  Federals 
ibe  batiluof  Pm  Ridge. 

STERLING  PRICE. 
Rons  in  Prince  Edward  Counly,  Va.,  September,  1800  ; 
served  iu  tbo  Missouri  Legislature;  member  of  Con-ress. 
1815-7  ;  entered  ibe  Mexican  War  as  colonel  of  cavalry  vol- 
unteers ;  commanded,  and  was  wounded,  at  the  battle  of 
Canada,  N.  M..  January  S4tb,  1847;  appointed  brigadier- 
general,  July  301b,  1847,  and  made  mililary  governor  of 
Chihuahua ;  won  the  battle  of  Santa  Cms  lie  Rosalcs,  March 


February  2ljlh,  1802.  On  March  Till,  18112,  ho  tonka  prom- 
inent though  unsuccessful  part  in  the  h.nUe  of  Elk  Horn, 
called  by  :ho  Federals  the  bnlllo  of  Pea  Rblge  ;  nud  was 
again  defeated  al  luka.  September  19ih.  1802,  and  at  Co- 
rinth, October  5th,  IH0J.  While  iu  command  of  the  De- 
partment of  Arkansas.  1303-4,  be  founded  and  commanded 
the  secret  organisation  of  "the  Knights  of  the  Golden 
Circle,"  ami  advanced  with  20,000  men,  in  September,  1804. 
on  Pilot  Knob,  Mn.,  but  was  forced  lack  by  General  Hose- 
crans.  Ibcn  commander  of  tbe  Department  of  Missouri. 

On  October  7lli,  1S64,  he  appeared  wiih  n  large  body  of 
men  opposite  jefferson  City,  but,  by  the  begioning  of  tbo 
following  month,  had  been  compelled  to  retreat  again  into 
Arkansas  by  tbe  forces  under  Generals  Curtis  and  Plitimn- 
lou.  When  peace  wns  declared,  lie  obtained  from  Mini- 
mi Mao  n  grant  of  land  in  Mexico,  upon  which  he  established 
n  colony  .if  cx-Coufeilerole  officers.  This  colony,  at  Icheoi. 
was  a  failure.  la  1867  be  returned  to  Missouri,  nod  died 
in  great  poverty  al  St-  Loui*,  September  27tli,  1807. 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


SATHANIEL  LYON. 
Boasnt  Aahford,  Windham Coontj,  Conn.. 

July  Lfth,  1810  ;  after  graduating  nt  West 
Point,  unterod  the  army  Id  July.  1841,  m  sec- 
na  '  BbbMMqI  of  infantry  ,  mode  iiru  Ilea 
■■'  -rmt  in  1847 ;  took  part  In  a  cooit  India 
campaign  in  Florida,  and  vu  sect  out  to  Mex- 
ico at  the  criminal  cement  of  the  war:  Qgnrt.il 
in  many  Important  tittles ;  was  wounded  at 
tha  Bclca  Gate,  and  afterward  mode  brovet 
captain  far  gnllanlry;  wua  appointed  captain 
in  1851  ;  naval  In  Kansas,  and  remained  on 
active  frontier  duty  until,  in  April.  1681,  he 
wax  placed  in  charge  of  the  important  TJnilei.' 
Slates  Arsenal  at  St,  Loub,  then  garrisoDOi 
by  about  000  Hailed  States  troops,  and  after- 
ward appointed  commandant  of  the  post,  In 
place  of  Major  W.n.  Bell,  who  had  joined  tha 
Southern  Confederacy.  By  the  prompt  ercc- 
llor.  of  suitable  earthworks,  ami  through  con- 
stant vigilance,  succeeded  iu  protecting  ihu 
Arsenal  from  seizure;  and,  April  20th,  with 
the  aid  of  Colonel  Frank  P.  Blair,  removed 
during  tho  night,  tlrst  by  steam  bout  to  Alton, 
and  thence  by  railway  to  Springlleld,  III., 
21,000  stand  of  arms.  3  cannon,  und  110,000 
rounds  of  nm munition. 

In  Slay.  1881,  under  President  Lincoln's 
order  of  April  30th,  he  enrolled  a  Inrga  niiral>cr 
of  volunteers,  t-ivini.'  th-m  li'-;ii|clliiig  iW  prompt  surrender  with  a  large 
gnantftj  of  small  arms,  cannon  and  ammu- 
nition, that  had  been  Liken  from  the  Baton 
Hougo  Arsenal.  May  17th  was  made  a  bri- 
gndicr-gcntruL  May  SOlh  sta  >  <  nled  General 
W.  S.  Itarncy,  who  was  relieved  of  his  com- 
mand of  the  Department  of  the  West,  now 
called  tho  Deportment  of  Missouri. 

June  11th,  refused  to  comply  with  tho  de- 
mand of  Governor  Jackson  of  Missouri  for 
the  dlsbinilment  of  all  Home  Guards.  Juno 
.2th  secured  Cairo  (.gainst  Genera]  pillow's  intended  ut- 
'ack,  by  fortifying  Bird's  Point,  on  tho  opposite  sldo  of 
the  Mississippi  Itiver,  With  tho  aid  of  Captain  Henry  W. 
JJeohnin,  United  Slates  Engineers,  and  Colonel  Nicholas 
SchuiiQcr.  Also  dispatched  the  Second  Missouri  Regiment, 
under  Colonel  Fran/.  Sigel,  for  the  protection  of  the  Pacific 
ltuilway.  Juno  13th,  left  St.  Louis  by  steamboat  Willi  some 
3  000  men,  under  Colonels  Blair  and  Boernsloln  and  Captain 
Lathrop,  also  Captain  Janus  Toum's  buttery,  and  reached 
Jefferson  City  two  chiys  later,  [>ri  paralory  to  his  anccissful 
ittack.  Juno  18th.  on  tha  Confederates  at  Ilooneville,  under 
Solouel  J,  8.  Marmaduko. 


NATHANIEL   LYON. 

August  2d,  was  \-ictoriini*  at  Duir  Spring  against  the  Con- 
federate  forces  under  General  G.  J.  Bains.  August  10th, 
forced  a  battle  nt  Wilson's  Creek  with  the  Confederate  nrmy, 
four  times  larger  than  bis  own.  In  this  engagement,  cer- 
tainly onu  of  the  most  desperate  of  the  entire  civil  war,  he 
was  three  times  wounded,  llio  last  shot  cutting  open  tho  hack 
of  his  head  to  the  skull,  covering  him  wilh  blood.  In  litis 
condition  ho  was B-^Lstnl  [ounuther  burse,  and,  riding between 
tho  Kansas  and  Iowa  regiments,  ho  led  them  to  t!io  ehargo, 
and  received  a  fatal  shot  from  a  MiniG  ball  through  the 
heart.  He  fell  in  the  amis  of  his  servant, saying:  " Lehman, 
I  am  killed  j  take  caro  uf  my  body  I"     During  tha  retreat 


"7 

■'.iicn  cniet*l  Um  eventful  Jay,  General 
Lyon's  body  was  left  on  tho  field,  wbenc* 
ihu  Confederate  gonenJ  &aimg  Price  sent  it 
:a  his  owa  cotrreyanee  to  BprlngOeid.  When 
he  Federal  troops  under  Oolond  BIgel  re- 
rested  to  Rolla,  early  the  next  sajrnmg,  the 
tody  was  again  left  behind,  at  Springfield 
l!  was.  however,  carefully  prepared  for  burial 
iy  members  of  tho  still  of  the  Confederate 
^enerul  J.  B.  Clark,  and  deHvered  U>  Mrs.  J.  B. 
ttielps,  who  bad  it  properly  Interred.  It  whs 
shortly  after  taken  up  and  pent  to  Its  final 
resting-place,  at  Eo=t  Hartford.  Conn.,  reeeivln6 
great  ruiliniry  honors  there,  as  well  as  In  idl 
the  cities  through  which  it  passed.  Tho  cere- 
monies nt  his  funeral  were  participated  In  by 
over  20.000  people  By  will  ho  had  left  al- 
most his  entire  [iroperty.  upward  of  $3l),0On, 

to  ihe  Government,  to  nld  in  preserving  thn 
Union.  Congr??3  ordered,  by  resolution,  tlial 
a  recognition  of  his  "  eminent  and  uatriollr 
services"  be  entered  upon  Its  records. 


EVACUATION  OF  HAMPTON,  VA. 
The  village  of  Hampton,  situated  on 
the  left  bank:  of  tho  James  River,  about 
two  miles  from  its  entrance  into  Chesa- 
peake Bay,  is  n  very  old  town,  of  much 
historic  interest,  having  been  settled  na 
early  as  1705.  It  derives  its  princ'pul 
importance  from  its  proximity  to  Fort 
rcsa  Monroe  and  Old  Point  Comfort. 
It  contains  several  churches,  n  large 
number  of  stores  and  many  fine  private 
dwellings. 

On  tho  27th  of  July,  1801,  it  was 
deemed  necessary  by  Major  -general 
Butler  to  evacuate  tho  village,  do- 
atroy  some  of  tha  most  prominent 
buildings,  nnd  retiro  the  forces  there 
within  tho  Federal  lines.  It  was  re- 
ported tliat  tho  Confederates  were  ad- 
vancing in  force,  and  prudence  domunded  the  con- 
centration of  Butler's  forces  round  hia  entrenched 
position  at  Newport  Mows,  Odd-fclllows'  Hall, 
the  Jail,  and  several  other  buildings,  were-  unavoid- 
ably destroyed,  and  also  a  portion  o£  Hampton 
Bridge.  On  August  7th,  General  Mngruder,  with 
a  force-  of  seven  thousand  Confederates,  advanced 
upon  Hampton,  destroying  by  firo  nil  but  five 
of  its  five  hundred  houses,  with  its  picturesque 
Episcopal  church,  one  of  tho  oldeaC  in  the  State. 


iSVACUATION   OF  THE  VILLAGE  OF  HAMPTON,  VA..   ON  THE  JAMES  RIVER.   BY  THE  FEDERAL  TROOPS   JKDER  BSNEBAL   BDTLEi 
IN  ANTICIPATION   OF  THE   ADVANCE  OF  THF  CONFEDERATES   1^"   FOBCE. 


nS 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIl'IL     WAR. 


THE    SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


ng 


OPERATIONS    i^ONG    THE     COAST 
OF   NOKTH    CAROLINA. 

In  the  early  part  of  August,  1861,  Commodore 
Silas  H.  Stringbam,  United  States  Nayy,  then  com- 
manding at   Hampton    Roada,  was   informed   that 
supplica    for   the    Confederate    troops 
were  being  continually  carried  through 
Hutlcras  Inlet,  the  entrance  to  Pamlico  Sound,  on 


of    the  frigale  Minnesota,  flagship.   CaptaiD  C.  A.  once  mode  preparations   lor  an  advance  early  the 

Van    Brnnt;     the  frigale  Wabeuh.  Captain   Samuel  following  morning. 

Mercer  ;  the  gunboats  Monticello,  Commander  John  At  five  o'clock,  a.m.,  on  Wednesday,  the  88th,  the 

P.  Gillis ;    the  Patonee,  Commander  S.  C.  Rowan  ;  troops  were  being  landed  on  the  beach,  two  and  a 

and  the  Harriet  Lane,  Captain  John  Faunce  ;    the  half  miles  north  of  the   forts,  undercover  of  the 

a  team  transports  George  Peabady,  Lieutenant  R.  B.  guna   from    the   Monticello,    Pawnee  and    Harriet 

Lowery,   and    Adelaide,    Commandor   H.    S.   Stell-  Lane,  and   later  on   the  forts  were  attacked  from 

wagen  ;     and    the   tng  fanny,    Lieutenant   Pierce  the    front   by   the    Wabash    and    tho    Cumberland, 

Crosby.  which  latter  had  juat  joined  the  sqiiudrou.    These 


the  coast  of  North  Carolina,  and  that  the  Inlet 
was  defended  by  Forta  Clark  and  Hattcras,  both  iu 
command  of  Major  W.  S.  G.  Andrews. 

It  was  at  once  decided  to  fit  up  a  joint  military 
and  naval  expedition  to  capture  the  forta, and,  on 
the  26th  of  Augnat,  it  left  Hampton  Rand*.  The 
squadron  was  under  the  command  of  Commodore 
Stringham,  and  the  military  force  in  charge  of 
General  IS.  F.  Butler,  who  hud  been  succeeded  at 
Fortress  Monroe  by  Major-general  John  E.  Wool, 
who  had  volunteered  to  lead  the  troope. 

This  squadron,  the  first  sent  out,  was  composed 


The  troops  on  board  the  transports  consisted  of 
320  men  from  the  Ninth  New  York  Regiment, 
Colonel  Rnah  C.  Hawkins  ;  500  men  from  the  Twen- 
tieth New  York  Regiment.  Colonel  Mai  Weber; 
100  men  of  the  Union  Coast  Guard,  Captain  Nixon  ; 
and  60  men  from  the  Second  United  States  Artil- 
lery, under  Lieutenant  Larncd. 

The  sailing  frigate  Cumberland,  Captain  John 
Marston,  and  the  ateam  frigate  Susquehanna,  Cap- 
tain J.  Chauncey,  had  been  ordered  to  follow  the 
squadron.  The  expedition  arrived  oil  of  Hatteras 
Inlet  about  five  o'clock  the  next  afternoon,  and  at 


were  soon  followed  by  the  flagship  Minnesota  and 
the  Susquehanna. 

The  tire  was  kept  up  incessantly  until  about  nine 
o'clock,  when  it  ceased  on  both  sides,  the  flags  of 
tho  forts  having  been  hauled  down,  and  the  gurri 
son  of  Fort  Clark  having  evacuated  it.  The  latter 
was  at  once  occupied  by  the  Coast  Guard  and  men 
under  Colonel  Weber,  and  the  Monticello,  steamed 
toward  the  Inlet,  it  being  supposed  that  Fort  Hat- 
teras, which  occupied  the  point,  had  likewise  been 
abandoned.  But  she  had  only  advanced  to  within 
six  hundred  yards  of  the  fort,  followed  closely  by 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


X 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CIVIL     WAR. 


the  Harriet  Line,  when  the  heavy 
guns  opened  such  a  scathing  lire  on 
her  :is  to  endanger  her  safety. 
Though  considerably  damaged,  she 
escaped,  making  room  tor  the  Mitt- 
ncolir,  the  I'atoaee,  and  the  Suique- 
ha>i  mi,  which  engaged  the  fort  until 
(lark,  whon  the  Harriet  Lane  find 
tins  Pawnee  wore  left  alone  (or  the 
night  in  the  immediate  front. 

Early  the    following    morning    the 
Susguehanna  opened  fire,   and   was 
followed  liy  ihu  Minnesota,  the    \Ya- 
bash,   the   Harriet     Lane 
and      the     Cumberland. 
Fort    Hnttcras    had    been    ably    de- 
fended the  previous  day  by  Colonel 
William     F.     Martin,    whom    night 
found    completely  prostrated    by  fa- 
tigue, and  who  had,  in  consequence, 
(o  give   way    to    Flag-  fficcr   Samuel 
Huron,  then  in  command  of  the  few 
Confederate  vessels  lying  in  Pamlico  Sound.  -   Bur- 
ron,  who  was  then  Assistant   Secretary  of  the  Con- 
federate Navy,  had  come  up  duriug  the  night  with 
reinforcements,  in  company    with   Major   Andrews, 
who    was  absent  in  the  interior  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  engagement. 

Heavy  guns  had  been  mounted  in  the  directum  of 
Fort  Chirk,  which  the-  Federals  had  occupied  the 
day  previous  :  b  it  no  damage  was  done  by  their 
lire,  as  Colonel  Weber  had  judiciously  vacated  it, 
tuiil  employed  his  men  during  the  night  in  the 
erection  of  a  buttery  of  three  guns.  These,  iu 
charge  of  Liouteuant  Johnson,  of  the  Coast  Guard, 
did  signal  service  uU  that  morning  iu  beating  off 
Confederate  vessels  conveying  troops  to  the  relief  of 
Fort  llattoras. 

The  Tiro  from  the  squadron  continued  almost  in- 
cessantly, scarcely  stopping  even  to  bo  caught  again 
by  Huron's  tricky  lowering  of  his  (tag  and  apparent 
submission,  until,  at  about  half-past  ten  o'clock,  a 
white  Hag  wis  displayed  above  the  fort,  and  an  offer 
made  to  surrender  with  all  the  honors  of  war.  This 
was  refused  by  Commodore  Stringliom  uud  General 
Ilu  tier,  and,  shortly  after,  the  capitulation  was  signed 
on  board  the  Minnesota,  giving  to  the  Federals  71!i 
prisoners,  l.oou  stand  of  arms,  31  cannon,  a  stand  of 
colors,  n  large  quantity  of  ammunition,  and  several 
vessels  laden    with   stores,  cotton  uud    other   met- 

While  the  capitulation  was  being  signed,  ihe 
Harriet  Lain;  Adelaide  and  Fanny  had  entered  the 
inlet,  the  two  first  grounding  near  the  fort  while 
attempting  to  cross  the  bar.  The  Con fi derates 
had  thus  within  their  grasp  the  three  vessels  and 
the  troops  they  carried  ;  but  tho  surrender  having 
been  accepted,  they  were  not  molested,  and  the  two 
grounded  vessels  were  soon  hauled  olf. 

The  Confederates  lost  49  killed  and  about  as 
niauv  wounded.  Their  officers,  Major  W.  S.  G. 
Andrews,  Flag  Officer  Samuel  Barron,  and  Colonel 
William  F.  Martin,  Seventh  Light  Infantry,  North 
Carolina  Volunteers,  were  sent  to  Fort  Hamilton,  iu 
New  York  Harbor,  and  afterward  exchanged. 

Upon  hearing  of  the  victory,  Secretary  Welles 
issued  an  order  thanking  Comniinloro  Stringham 
and  his  men  "  for  the  brilliant  achievement  accom- 
plished   without   the  loss  of  a  man  on   the   Union 


HATTERAS  ISLAND  AND  CHICASIACOJIICO.  N.  0. 

side."    General  Wool    likewise    congratulated     the 
troops. 

Especial  mention  should  here  be  made  of  the  fact 
that  upon  the  abandonment  of  Fort  Clark  by  tho 
Confederates,  an  itctim.  aide-de-camp  of  General 
Butler,    MY.  Fiske,  swam  from  one  of  the  vessels  to 


'the 


121 

ITawkins,  and  General  Butler  at 
once  proceeded  to  Washington  in 
order  to  lay  before  General  Scott 
aud  tho  Secretary  of  War  his  reasons 
for  holding  tho  forts,  instead  of  de- 
stroying them,  :is  he  had  been  or- 
dered to  do.  Llis  views  were  carried 
out,  and  he  was  commissioned  to  pro- 
coed  to  New  England  and  to  rai;o  a 
largo  force,  which,  as  we  shall  see 
later  on,  was  destined  to  make  a 
brilliaut  record  in  many  Southern 
localities, 

Tho  troops  at  Hat  turns  lulot  wore 
reinforced  lute  in  September  bv  tho 
Twotitieth  Indiana  Regiment,  under 
Colonel  Brown,  in  order  to  complete 
operations  along  the  coast. 

An  important  entrance  to  Pamlico 
Sound  was  still  open,  south  of  Fort 
Hatterus.  It  was  called  Ocracoho 
lulot,  and  w.is  deluded  by  a  fort 
ama  name  and  by  anothor  called  Fort 


tlio  shore,  through  a  very  heavy  sea,  carrying  orders 
to  Colonel  Weber,  ami  afterward  entered  the  fort, 
collecting  therein  many  valuable  books  and  papers. 
Of  these  ho  made  a  package,  which  he  strapped 
to  his  shoulders,  and  with  which  he  swum  back  to 
the  vessel,  delivering  it  to  General  Butler,  who 
found  the  documents  to  ho  of  very  great  service. 
The  forts  commanding  the  Inlet  remained  in 
charge  of  detachments  under  Colouels  Weber  and 


bearing 
Morgan. 

On  tho  Itith  of  Soptcmbor.  Commander  S.  C. 
Rowan  sent  an  expedition  to  capture 
iiroina,  .  tni,]M  It  was  under  the  command  of 
Lientonant  James  V.  Maxwell,  who  starterd  iu  the 
tug  Fanny,  having  on  board  sixty  seven  of  tho 
Naval  Brigade,  under?  Lieutenants  H  .we  and  Til- 
lottson.  The  Fnnn'j  had  in  tow  a  launch  belonging 
to  the  gunboat  Pawnee,  cunying  tho  latter's 
howitzer  uud  twenty-eight  of  her  men,  iu  charge 
of  Lieutenant  Eastman. 

The  frigate  Snxjiiehannn  and  the  Tomjmt  hat  I 
joined  the  expedition,  but  finding  their  draft  of 
water  t"0  great,  wore  compelled  to  return  to  their 
former  anchorage. 

Ocracokc  Inlet  was  reached  by  the  Funny  at 
eleven  o'clock  in  the  morning,  and  a  detachment 
was  immediately  landed,  expecting  to  draw  an 
attack  from  the  forls.  Their  progress  met  with  no 
opposition,  however,  and  on  reaching  the  forts  they 
found  them  to  have  been  deserted  and  partly 
burned.  As  it  was  not  inteuded  to  occupy  the 
Inlet,  orders  wcro  given  to  complete  the  work  of 
destruction  as  thoroughly  us  possible.  Not  only 
were  the  guns  broken  in  pieces,  and  much  of  tho 
masonry  aud  other  work  laid  low,  but  the  torch 
was  everywhere  applied,  and  iu  a  short  time  it 
was  in  ashes. 

The  expedition  having  completed  its  purpose, 
returned  to  Fort  li  ittcnis  early  on  tho  IStli. 

There  remained  still  two  other  entrances  north  of 
C.ipc  Ilatieras,  ealled  Loggoihead  (New)  Inlet  and 
Oivgon  Inlut,  tho  last  being  in  chiso  promixity  to 
Roanoke  Island,  which  the  Confederates  were  said 
to  be  then  fortifying. 

In  order  to  make  a  reconnois3ance  of  tho  island 
south  of  Loggerhead  Inlet,  Colonel  Hawkins 
ordered  Col  >nol  Brown  and  his  regimont  to  proceed 
in  that  directi- m,  and  on  tho  20th  of  September 
they  sailed  by  the  steamers  Cerei  and  Putnam  with 
the  intention  of  landing  at  u  small  place  between 
Chicamiicom-co  and  Kcneekut.  Tho  shallowness  of 
tlio  water  necessitated  the  landing  of  the  men  by 
small  bouts.  They  encamped,  awaiting  the  arrival 
of  the  tug  Fttmuj,  which  was  to  have  followed  them 
on  the  30th  with  stores  of  all  descriptions      It  was, 


PLAN   SHOWING    THE   RELATIVE    PJSfTIOVS   OF   F  IRTS   H  \TTER  \S    AND    CLARK.    AND   TEE    FEDERAL    FLEET 
UNDER    CuMMODORE    STRINGHAM 


BOMBARDMENT    OP   FORT    HATTERAS.   PAMLICO    SOTTSTD,   N.  C.   ADOTST 


BOMBARDMENT    OF   FORT    HATTERAK.   PAMLICO    SnnND.   N.  C,   AT/GUST  "n    1861,   BY    THE    FEDERAL    FLEET    USHER    COMMOBOHE    STRTSOmM. 


13d 


THE    SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CIVIL     IV  A  R. 


wrm wr  m,im 


THE    SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CfVIL     WAR. 


12$ 


DISI'OVEHY  OF  a    CONFEDERATE    UATTEHY    AT    MESSRt'HS   FOtXT,   ON    TOE    POTOMAC,  NEAR   THE    MOUTH    OK    RACK    BITEB, 
BY    A    SCOOTING    PARTY    OK   THE    TEXTB    BEQI1IENT    OF    NEW    YORK    ZOUAVES. 


however,  only  on  the  afternoon  of   the  1st  of   Oc-  Tho  seizure   of   Mid   Fanny,  and   the  disadvan-  Fedora]  position,  wliich  they  began  shelling,  whil 

Sober  that  thu  tag  appeared  near  Chieainacumien,  tageous  position  of  the  Federals  on  tho  island,  in-  at  the  sumo  time   landing  largo  bodies  of  troop* 

when  she  was  captured  by  Confederate  dueed    tho    Confederates    to    send    an    expedition  iibovo  and  below  the  camp. 

m '    vessels    just   coming    down    Pamlico  against  tb^m.     Six   vessels,  carrying  about  2,000  Colonel    Brown's  forco  met   tho  attack  boldly 

Sound,  with,  a  loss  to  the  Federals  of  thirty-one  men,  were  nccoi.  'ngly  fitted  out  at  Roanoko  Island,  though   at   a    frightful  disadvantage,   until   nigh" 

prisoners,  and  tlie  cargo,  valued  at  about  ј150,000.  aud  ou  the  4tb    of  October  arrived  opposite  tho  admitted  of  his  cutting  his  way  through  tho  force 


tUHINQ  VIRGINIAN    F, 


126 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CIVIL     WAR 


F\PI,08](1N   OP   A   PffF'T    TH   ""TIE    onTTFTC    IE   tru   *j.  R  RTEAMER  "  NIAfi  \RA,      FBdll    THE    CnN'FEt"PR  \TE       IV.  '   NOVKMUER  8d.  1801 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


TAKING   AWAY  THE   COLORS   OF  THE   SEVENTY-NINTH   NEW  YORK    REGIMENT,  FOR   MUTINY,  WASHINGTON,   AUGUST   Mm,  1881. 


,      .  ,  1     Ch>camacom,co,  and    making    his  junction  with   the  frigate   S,","l,"na    and  ths  the  morning.     The  MoMhdh  brat  came  upon  th. 

retreat  toward  Hatter..  Lighlh,,,™.     Ho  reached  grmbo.t  M",Hcelh.    With  the  aid  of  the  gunboat,  enemy,   when  about  iiftcon   miles  from   Hatl.ra. 

the  latter  early  the  following;  morning,  and  there  proceeding  ahead   along   the  shore,   the    Federal,  Lighthouse,  and  began  .helling  them  with  terrible 

met    a    detachment   of    500    men,   whom    Colonel  marched  northward  to  dispute  the  advance  which  it  effect,  compelling  them  to  bide  in   the  wood,  and 

Hawkins  ha,!   hrougut  up  to  hia  relief,  in  con-  wa.  supposed  the  Confederate,  bad  commenced  in  afterward  to  run  toward  their  former  position  nea, 


DRUMMING   OUT'   THTEWES   FBuM   tTJBTRlUJfc   aiOMttob 


j.iS 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


which  lay  the  vessels  into  which  they  htul  been 
brought  to  the  island.  These  were,  in  turn, 
engaged  by  the  gunboat  as  they  advanced  to  rescue 
the  fast  retreating  Confederates,  the  shelling  being 
continued  until  night  brought  it  to  it  close.  The 
Moniicello  tlion  came  down  toward  I  lit  Items  Light- 
house, covering  tho  oncampment  of  the  Federals. 

SILAS  IIORTON  STRIKGHAM. 

Bens   in  Mirl.lklnwn.  Oraiiyc  County,  N.  Y..  November 

7lli.  1708;   entered   Hie   United  Smies  Navy   1800  iw   mid- 

Hhipmau  '>ii  luiiiiil  tin-  Iiijut'.-   Prttiikaf,  iLcai  cunirnanijed  by 

Commodore  [lodgers,  lit*  became  IIciiIcimiiI  in  1611,  and 
served  in  Decatur's  BQuailrou  iu  the  Algerinc  War.  In  1830 
lie  was  plnced  in  command  of  llic  Fblmmtth,  of  Ilio  West 
India  squadron,  mid  in  1835  look  charge  of  Urn  John  Adanu, 
belonging  t'i  Hip  Mediterranean  Hinnilrou. 

Shortly  nflcr  Ilia  rclurn  10  thin  country,  la  1837,  lie  was 
ordered  to  proecotl  on  board  ihe  Porptite,  in  search  of  pirates 
that  Inn]  been  troubling  DierolinnL  vessels  along  ihe  const. 
This  wns  followed  by  a  period  of  rompnniive  quiet,  in 
which  lie  whs  in  command  of  the  Indepsndtna,  then  ni- 
tnebed  in  the  nnme  funadron. 

In  i-H  be  win  made  a  captain,  and  sei 


,,,1 


1,  -pi  L 


c  Ohio,  lo 
charge  ..i 


[he  Brooklyn  Navy  Yard  ■Rorwwil.natl  upon  the 

dec  I  ii  nil  ion  of  imrwilh  Mexicn.  he  remmed  to 
his  former  command  at  ihe  OAte,  which  loiter 
led  the  United  Suites  fleet  ntil.e caplure  of  Vera 
Crur.  Bad  of  Sun  Jiniii  of  Ullo.i,  lie  was  ap- 
pointed lo  the  cini mil  of  the  Mediterranean 

squadron  in  1833,  nnd  remained  in  conslnnt 
Bcrvica  on  sea  or  home  ditty  until  1801. 

When  nt  Ihe  breaking  nut  or  tho  Civil  War, 
President  Lirienln  decided  In  hliiekmlc  llic  Soiilh- 
ern  ports,  Slrlugluim  was  ordered  lo  Inkc  clmrge 
of  llic  tqnndron  on  the  Aliunde  sintion,  whoso 
operations  lay  between  Key  West  on  the  smith 
SlldCipc  Charles,  nt  the  innuili  of  the  Clicsn- 
pc.ke  Bay,  on  llic  iiorlb.  lie  whs  given  lor  the 
pni|Nie  Die  loilyyun  Hleiim  friyilie  Mimir-'Ui 
r.ir  n  ll.igskin,  nod  a  flciii  of  twenty-live  vessels, 
nin lined  by  iiimc  ihiee  thousand  live  hundred 
sailors  mid  marines.  Willi  these  lie  did  soli vo 
service,  although  unl  tin  eiini;  wiiJi  nny  encounter 
worlli  mcDliODlug  until  the  end  of  August,  1801. 

On  lbs  Mill  nf  the  hitler  nioutli  he  left  Hamp- 
ton lln  "I-,  in  accordance  with  imdrueimni  from 

Wa-limu'i"".  "'ill  [he  Miwiemln,  MoittUttlo, 
/'.'  Wi  Harriet  I.ane,  and  tome  stenm 

Inutsporta  nud  tugs  cm  rj'iiig  troops  under  Gen- 
eral Butler,  arriving  oil  llutlcrai  Inlet  the  fol- 
lowing nfiurnoon.  The  squadruu  was  joined  ut 
ihc  littler  place  by  [he  &tiiquehnnnti  ami  the 
Oambtiland.    limit  of  which   look    purl   in  the 

flgblillg,  in  Ihc  surrender.  August  aOlli,  of  Forls 
Cli'knnd  Hat  I  eras.  These  commented  nil  Im- 
portant inlet  lo  Puuilicu  Sound,  by  which  ihe 
Confcdernles  liiul  been  receiving  supplier.  Com- 
moilnrc  Siringhmit  was  promoted  rem  admiral .  n 
the  retired  list  In  1602.  From  ISM  to  1E0G  bo 
was  in  charge  of  Ihe  Charleston  Navy  Yard  ns 
cniniiinndiiiit  ;  was  appointed  pnit  admiral  of 
Sew  York  in  180T,  ami  died  iuBronblyu,  N.  Y.. 
February  7th,  1BT0. 

THE  SEVENTY  NINTH  NEW  YORK. 

Tins  regiment  carried   I  heir  flng  wish   bnnor 

nl   Bull   Run,  bill  tiny   tliicrcditcd  it   by  open 

uiniiiiy  ill  Wnsl'iiiigliin;  mill  by  order  of  Gem  ri.| 
Bled  linn  their  colors  were  taken  inim  (liem. 
The  scene  during  the  rendiug  of  the  order  was 

exceedingly  impr.  waive.     The  tun  \vn-  jusl  going 

features  nnd    fonii     ■>[  odlccrs   ami  men    could  scarcely  he 

rlisHngHislicd.  I  ui mediately  behind  his  aid  was  General 
Purler,  firm  and  scl '-possessed.  Colonel  Slevens  was  in 
fi.oit  c.[     ihe    regiment,    endeavoring    to    quiet    Ins  rather 

'".  ■-■       In  ihe  rear  of  lbs  regulars,  nnd  a  liuie 

distant    ..[•  .i  I.  Gem  rol   Siel.ii  •   •  >i  ut.  h  F-ly  on  horseback, 


eral  James  H  Lane.  These  he  drove  across  the 
line  beyond  Fort  Scoti,  and  leaving  a  force  there, 
continued  on  his  way,  reaching  Warrensburg  on 
Wednesday,  the  11th  of  September.  His  advance 
upon  the  I. .Iter  place  was  the  more  hotly  pressed 
ainco  learning  lliat  Federal  troops  had  been  sent 
there  by  General  Fremont's  orders  (o  take  away 
in  safety  the  money  belonging  to  its  loyal  in- 
habitants, and  at  the  same  time  protect  them 
if  possible  from  the  threatening  Confederate  in- 
vasion. 

The  Federals  had,  however,  antieipatod  Price, 
who  felt  not  only  injured  on  learning  that  the 
money  had  bien  by  them  carried  to  Lo  ling  ton, 
but  insulted,  besides,  at  having  the  fact  illus- 
trated in  broad  Herman  caricatures  on  the  walls 
throughout  tha  ci:y. 

Price  lost  but  little  time  in  Warrens  lung,  and 
after  a  rainstorm  that  raged  furiously  for  n  while, 
he  pushed  on  toward  Lexington,  where  he  encamped 
tho  same  night.  The  Federal  force  at  Lexington, 
consisting  of  only  half  a  regiment  of  Home  Guards, 
hud  been  strengthened  only  two  dnjs  before  by  the 


129 

legislature  had  been  suddenly  compelled  to  abandon 
upon  Mulligan's  approach. 

Tho  new  portion  of  the  City  of  Lexington  is 
built  upon  an  elevation  close  by  tho  river,  Old 
L-xingtou,  as  tho  other  section  is  called,  lying 
further  back  on  the  hills. 

Colonel  Mulligan's  force  of  2,610  men  was  con- 
tinually at  work  making  entrenchments,  his  ox- 
tremo  outer  lino  bain™  in  front  of.  tho  college 
building  on  Masonic  Hill,  whore  ho  had  his  head- 
quarter*. The  inner  line  nf  breastworks  circled 
around  a  building,  to  the  right  of  the  college,  used 
us  a  boarding- house.  In  addition  to  tho  earth- 
works, fae.'d  by  a  ditch  eight  feet  wide,  woro  pits 
surrounded  by  mines  fully  supplied  with  gun- 
powder. Of  the  latter  article  Mulligan  had  a  fair 
supply,  hut  he  had  no  shells  for  his  two  mortars, 
only  six  small  cannon  and  but  little  ready  ammu- 
nition :  the  cavalry,  too.  being  without  guns  or  rifles. 

On  Thursday,  the  12th  of  Soptomhor,  the  Con- 
federate General  Gabriel  James  liaius  opened  firs, 
with  nine  guns,  under  Oint  tins  Ciurchill,  CI  irk  and 
Emmett  McDonald,  rpon  that  portion  of  the  earth- 
works which  had  forcibly  been  left  the 
weakest,  on  the  New  Lexingt  n  side.  In 
the  row  stood  Colonel  Con- 

SirTcmi  li,  1SSI.  T      ,  ,    ,    ,      , 

grove  Jttflha  n  s  detach  mo  ut, 
whilst  on  tho  extreme  left  the  forces  un- 
der General  Parsons,  with  Captain  Gui- 
hor's  battery  and  General  Stoou,  faced 
Colonel  Anderson's  house,  then  used  as 
a  hospital,  leaving  Pierce's  main  body  di- 
rectly in  tho  centra. 

The  Confederate  attack    was  soon   di- 
rected from   four   dideront    points,    and 
"V  continued   the    rest  of    the  day.    At  sun- 

set, when  the  fire  ceased,  the  hospital 
was  found  to  havo  suffered  most  of  all. 
Dr.  Winer,  surgeon  of  the  brigade,  and 
the  Itev.  Father  ButW,  had  been  taken 
prisoners  dining  an  attack  repelled  by 
the  men  under  Captain  G'enson,  some 
outworks  had  hcc'i  tiken,  and  the  Fed- 
erals had  been  forced    into    an     interior 

Mulligan  set  lo  work  during  the  custi- 
ing  night,  everywhere  strengthening  his 
nositinn,  which  was  likely  to  become 
more  and  moro  isolated  Active  prep- 
arations, in  fact,  continued  on  both 
sides  from  the  12th  to  the  l?th,  amid 
occasion  il  firing,  tho  Federals  having 
succeeded  in  putting  up  additional  earth- 
works by  that  time,  while  the  reinforced 
Confederates  hud  closed  in  their  lino  of 
batteries  around  tho  besieged  under  covor 
oF  movable  breastworks  mado  of  large 
wet  hales  o£  hemp. 

Price  had  also  in  tho  meantime  set 
a  largo  number  of  soldiers  to  scour  tho 
country  around,  in  order  to  prevent  the 
looked- tor  F  dcral  aid.  His  men  had 
intercepted,  forty  miles  below  tho  city, 
the  steamer  Sitmhine,  hiving  on  board 
Lieu  tenant  Itiins  and  ten  men  of  tho 
Thirteenth  Missouri  Regiment  under  Colonel  Pea-  "Irish  Urirado,"  sent  by  Mulligan  to  Jefferson 
body,  just  returned  from  Warrensburg,  nud  by  the  City  for  reinforcements.  They  had  also  captured 
detachment  sL'iit  from  Jefferson  City.  This  last  a  Federal  vessel  loaded  with  provisions,  clothing, 
embraced  five  hundred  Home  Guards,  as  well  as  and  the  much  needed  ammunition,  and  hid  cither 
tho   Twenty-third  Illinois  Regiment  of  the  "Irish     forced    back,  defeated   or  captured  several  Federal 


AMES  H. 


by  any  mai 
up  ihe  line  I 
Wmi   nil  Hint 


iiswonh  bad  be  been 
range    of   nay    of   Ihe 


SIEGE  AND  BATTLE  OF  LEXINGTON. 

AFTER   tho   battle    of   Wilson's    Creek,  General 

Sterling  Price  kept  on  recruiting  the  Confederate 

ranks  so  actively,  that,  by   the  end  of   August,  he 

felt  in  the  position  to  assume  tho  offen-ive.  Ho  then 

began  his  march  toward  the  northern   section    of 

Missouri,  meeting  on  tho  way   with  no   opposition 

until  the  Tth   of  September,  when  some  skirmish- 

ing    was   had,  at    a   place  near    tho 

Kansas    border,     called    Dry    Wood 

Creek,  with  a  detachment   of   Federals  under  Gen- 


Brigade  "  under  Colonel  James  A.  Mulligan,  a  por- 
tion of  the  Eighth  Missouri  under  Colonel  White, 
and  the  First  Regiment  of  Illinois  Cavalry  under 
Oolonel  T.  St  Marshall. 

Colonel  Mulligan,  who  hud 
reason  of  his  seniority,  felt,  that  an  attack  from 
Price  must  take  place  in  llic  near  future,  and  ho, 
therefore,  had  mean  while  availed  himself  of  every 
chance  to  strenghtcn  his  position,  pending  the 
arrival  of  reinforcements. 

Lexington  the  capital  of  Lafayette  County,  Mo., 
is  situated  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Missouri  River, 
about   three   hundred  miles  from   St.   Louis,    and 


;   to  Mulligan's 
i  likewise  cut  oil  from  the 


detachments    likely  to  t 
The  supply  of  water  u 
city. 

At  a  given  signal,  fired  at  precisely  eight  o'clock 

dby     on  the  morning  of  the  17th,  from  the  headquarters 

of    General  Price,  then  at  the   Court 

SEiTEiiBin.  iboi.    jj0Ufl0    0f    tne    jjow  mownj  General 

Rains  again  opened  on  the  Federals. 

The  fire  continued,  it  may  be  said,  almost  un- 
remittingly night  ami  day,  and  throughout  some 
heavy  rain,  until  the  morning  of  tho  20th.  By 
this  timo  Genera!  Harris,  who  had  just  joined 
Price  with  his  2,700  men- thus  swelling  the  Con- 


uuarly  one  hundred  and  twenty  miles  west  of  federate  force  to  24,000- had,  with  General  Mac- 
Jelferson  City,  at  a  point  commanding  tho  most  Bride's  assistance,  attacked  and  carried  the  hills 
important  route  to  Kansas.  Not  on  the  latter  north  of  the  town,  as  well  as  Colonel  Anderson's 
account  alone  was  Lexington  now  about  to  bo  so  house.  The  latter  had  once  been  retaken  by  Cap- 
eagerly  contested  for,  however.  Its  position,  it  is  tain  Glcason  at  tho  head  of  only  eighty  men  of 
true,  was  a  controlling  one,  but  in  addition  to  the  the  Irish  Montgomery  Guards,  who,  after  losing 
money  brought  back  from  Warransburg,  tho  vaults  thirty  of  their  number,  and  having  their  captain 
there  held  gsOO.OOO  in  gold  coin  and  the  Slate  wounded,  were,  however,  forced  to  retire, 
seals,  which  ox-Govenor  Claiborne  Jackson  and  his  Price     asked    for    an     unconditional     turrouder 


SIEGE    OF   LEXINGTON,   MO_  SEPTEMBER    l?ia,   18th,  ltm   AND    20th,   1861,  RESULTING    IN    TB 

TO    GENERAL    STERLING    PRICE,    WHO   COMAS 


SIEUK    01?   LEXL.NGTON,    MO-  SEPTEMBER    17th,   ISth,  1"ih    AND    20th,   1861,  RESULTING    IN    THE   SURRENDER    OF  THE    FEDERAL    FORCES,   2,640   STRONG,   UNDER    COLONIAL   JAliES    A.  MULLIGAN, 

TO   GENERAL    STERLING    PRICE.    WHO    COMMAND    TilE    CONFEDERATE    FORCES,   24,000   STRONG. 


J3i 


THE    SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


It  seemed  idle  for  the  Federals  to  count  any 
longer  upon  outside  aid.  They  were  down  to 
near  the  Inst  of  their  carefully  nursed  provisions 
and  ammunition.  The  position,  on  this  account, 
as  well  as  from  the  scarcity  of  water,  seemed  unten- 
able ;  but  Mulligan's  determined  answer,  "If  yon 
ivnnt  us,  you  must  take  us,"  came,  nevertheless. 

The  Homo  Guards,  who  hod  long  before  become 
discouraged,  raised  a  white  flag  upon  hearing  this; 
but  .Mulligan  immediately  ordered  Captain  McDer- 
mott  to  proceed  with  the  Detroit  Jackson  Guard  to 
tJike  it  down. 

The  fight  went  on  more  fiercely  than  ever  on 
die  pan  of  thu  Confederates,  until,  by  two  o'clock, 
their  linen  wero  within  a  few  rods  of  the  Federal 
works.     Further  resistance  was  deemed  impossible. 


For  his  heroic  defense  Colonel  Mulligan  received 
the  thanks  i>f  the  United  States  Congress  and  the 
commission  of  btig.idier-general.  He  refused  the 
promotion,  preferring  to  remain  colonel  of  the 
Twenty-third  Illinois,  which  was  given  the  right 
to  use  the  name  of  "  Lexington  "  upon  its  colors. 

General  Sterling  Price,  on  the  other  hand,  re- 
ceived the  thanks  of  the  Confederate  Congress, 
which  led  afterward  to  his  being  given  the  com- 
mission of  major-general. 

JAMES  HENRY  LANE. 

Boris  Ju dc  22(1,  1814.  at  Lawrencebiirg.  lnd.     Ilia  father 

was  Him.  Amos  Lane,  an  nble  pi.lhicjuu  and  lawyer.    Thu 

koi)  was  udinilled  lo  lilt  Tlnr  in  1840,  unit    practired    his  pm. 

fessioo  until  1840,  when  he  ealisied  na  a  private  in  [lie  TUird 


mtioued  in  Ibe  office  until  allocked  by  a  paralytic 
,  which  incapacitated  liim  from  further  legislative 
;,  and  so  affected  Ins  mind,  Una.  on  July  llili.  I860, 
t  Ilia  own  life  at  his  home  in   Leavenworth,  Kan. 


ATTEMPTED  DESEHT10N  of  FL'DEHAL  ItECltUITS. 

TilF.  system  of  recruiting  liad  nut.  up  to  llie  mouth  of 
September,  1S61,  been  freed  of  many  of  iis  defect*.  Safc- 
guards  luid  in  be  established,  particularly  against  desertion. 
While  all  officers  were  striving  fur  rapid  organization  mid 
consequent  promi'lion,  all  hind*  of  subler'nyes  were  resorted 
lo  for  procuring  men.  Tin-  high  bouulics  wllich  were  after- 
ward p;iid,  weic  not  lien  yel  ipoken  of,  and  desertions  wriv. 
ilicrefore,  more  tbe  result  of  tbc  favoritism  of  rocniHing- 
agonla  ibnn  tbe  bounties  Ibeu  current. 

Many  of  ibe  camps  hod  been  seriously  depleted  l.y  whole- 
sale disappearances,  and  a  more  severe  rtgime  was  adopted 


A  DETACHMENT  OF  THU  NEW   YORK  KlFLliS  FIRING   fJPDB 


rr.YtS   CRESTO'S  COMl'. 


.VME   liBUHIENT,  SKPriiMBElt  0th.  1 


A  eotuic  I  of  officers  decided  upon  surronder.  Tl  e 
white  Dug  was  hoisted  and  firing  ceased. 

At  four  o'clock  on  Saturday  afternoon,  the  ^Ist, 
the  actu.il  surrender  took  place.  It  embraced  Col- 
onels Mulligan,  Peabody,  Marshall  and  Gi-over, 
Majors  liecker  and  Van  Horn,  and  IIS  other  com- 
mi-sioned  officer.-,  about  2,100  men;  C  cannon,  2 
mortars,  over  3,000  stand  of  arms,  TOO  horses,  and 
a  large  quantity  of  cquinmoins,  etc  The  Confede- 
rates also  became  possessed  of  the  money,  about 
ј100,000,  brought  from  Warren-burg,  as  well  as  of 
the  additional  W00,00O,  tbe  State  records  and  the 
seals  hitherto  in  ex- Governor  Jackson's  hands. 

The  Confederate  losses  were  heavy - between  two 
and  three  tli  on  Baud - mainly  owing  to  the  judicious 
explosion  by  the  Federals  of  six  mines  during  the 
siege.  The  Federals  loet  between  three  and  five 
hundred  killed  and  wounded.  In  the  last  day's 
light,  Colonel  Mulligan  was  wounded  in  the  leg 
and  in  the  right  arm,  Colonel  Marshall  received  a 
wound  in  tho  cheek,  and  Colonel  White  was  shot 
through  tho  lunge,  dying  Saturday  morning. 


Indiana  Volunteers,  ia  tbc  war  with  Mcxirn.  Rapid  pro 
motion  followed  bis  service  In  Mexico,  aail  al  Buetui  Villain 
commanded  a  brigade,  and  displayed  conspicuoui  bravery, 
lu  1*18  be  was  elected  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Iiuliinn 
represented  llic  St;iie  in  llie  Unilcd  Slates  Congress  in  18.13-5 
voting  for  llic  Hfcunukn  Bill,  lo  1855  be  removed  lo  ilu 
Terriiory  or  Kansas,  tben  llic  ball  Id  ground  or  llie  Pro 
Slavery  and  Anti-Slavery  parties,  each  parly  maintaining  i 
form  of  Slole  government.  Colonel  Lane  wns  n  promilictl 
member  of  llie  fir -I  Free  Stale  govern  muni  .  was  president  "I 
bollilbeTopek 


lajor-geiie 


C(l    Ibe    Frc 

In  18511  be 


i  fur 


;  of 


by  llic  Free  Stale  Legislature,  and  proceeded  lo  Washington. 

Iml  was  not  allowed  t"  lake  ids  seat.  Tlio  same  year  lie  was 
I  lid  I  clod  for  bigll  [reason  by  llic  opponents  of  Ibe  Free  Slate 
liovcrnmeut,  and  was  compelled  lo  lite  from  llic  Stale.  In 
13.V9.  in  an  affray,  be  sbol  and  killed  a  neighbor,  for  which 
offense  he  was  Itied,  bin  acquitted.  The  Legislature  of  ibe 
Ftiir  of  Kansas  elected  General  Lnue  to  llie  On i led  Slolcs 
Semite  in  18G1  and  1805. 

Al  Ibe  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War  he  nclively  engaged 
in  organizing  tbe  Kiin=as  troops,  ami  Imik  a  conspicuous  pari 
in  llie  battle  of  Lexington  u  a  biigidier-gcncrul  of  volua- 
leers.  On  the  meeting  of  tho  United  Suites  Congress,  in 
December,  1801.  he  look  his  seal  us  United  Stales  Senator 


in  ci  ii  i  set]  tic  nee.    Amongst  tlicfu  recruiting  camps  was  llie 
one  bicaleii  m  Wlltelt'a  Piiini,  N.  Y. 

Colonel  Le  Guild  re  was  raising  a  regimcut  to  le  colled  the 
New  York  liilb  s,  and  Colurirl  Fardt  l;i  wua  likewise  close  by 
rai.-ing  a  regiment  mostly  composed  of  his  country  men. 
Her, roiling  bad  been  ai-liveh  eained  on  by  both  parlies,  cre- 
ating jealousy,  yet  nothing  occurred  in  hi  liuisly  nuir  die  re- 

luLiiui.i    cNMiug    Iieln'eun    tin-  inn  i: I-  oniil   Colonel 

Le  Gendrc  learned  (tint  a  company  of  hi.- i  were  about  lo 

lie  turned  over  by  their  captain.  fJrcsli),  to  Colonel  Furdclla's 

The  captain  bad  Ids  compaay  on  guard  llie  night  ibe 
desertion  was  to  Like  place,  September  Dili,  18UI,  bat  ere  lie 
plol  coidd  he  carried  out,  Colon.: I  Le  Gendrc  ordered  Captain 
Gossamer  und  Lieutenant  Qeorgeo  of  bis  command  to  lake 
charge  of  llie  camp,  and  lo  order  every  man  lo  his  quarters. 

While  Caplaia  Crcsto  was  parleying  about  ibe  mailer  a 
pialol  was  Decidendi! ly  ilisdmri^  d  by  one  of  bis  guard,  cre- 
nling  much  excitement.  Colonel  Lo  Gcadrc'n  detachment, 
fancying  il  was  attacked,  at  once  fired  a  volley  into  Captain 
Crosm'B  men.  Two  of  tbe  hitler,  Dnmiotck  Sassi  and  Ferdi- 
nand Markoe.  were  killed,  while  soveral  were  wounded. 

The  company  was  al  once  placed  under  arrest  and  severely 
disciplined.  Tbc  act  was  not  one  of  disloyally  so  much  as 
nn  expression  of  preference  for  a  particular  command,  and 
the  men  wcrcsooo  seat  lo  the  front. 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     If. IK. 


'33 


h£7lE\Y   OF   00KFJSDB1UTB   TKOOl'3   EN   ROUTE   TO   VIUUISIA,  AS   TH8Y   PAS3   TUB   PULASKI    MONUMENT.  SAVANNAH,  GA.,   AUGltSl!  Ira,  Wffl 


gSCAMPMEM  i1   OJf    1'iiUElt. 


BATTCOT   AT  A.V.N'AFU 


'34 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CIVIL     WAR. 


^^-^gife 


THE    SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


BATTLE  OF  OARNIFEX   FEB  BY. 

Cabnifex    Fekhy  in  located  nt  a  point  on  the 

Gnnley    lliver,   below    Meadow    Creek,   near   Sum- 

mersvillc,  tiic  capital  of  Nicholas  County,  in  West- 

crn  Virginia. 

General  W.  S.  Rosccraus,  who,  since  lie  succeeded 
General  Geon-e  B.  McClcllaii  on  July  22d,  hud 
been  organizing  n  large  army,  learned  early  in  the 
mon ()i  of  September  Hint  the  Con- 
fetlernte  forces  under  General  Jnlin 
B.  Floyd,  Into  United  Slates  Secretary  of  War,  were 
stationed  at  Cumifex  Ferry. 

General  Henry  A.  Wise's  forces  had  heen  loft  at 
FicketL't  Mills  to  guard  against  a  possible  rear 
attack  by  General  J.  D.  Cox,  then  nt  Hawk's  Neat, 
while  tlio  Con  federate  division  under  General  Hub- 
ert E.  Lee  was  at  Cheat  Mountain  opposing  the 
force  which  General  Rosccraus  had  placed  under 
General  Joseph  J.  Reynolds. 

Busi'crniifl  determined  to  attack  Floyd  without 
delay,  leaf  tlio  Confederates  soon  become  in  a  still 
bolter  position  to  menace  the  Federals  in  Western 
Virginia,  as  well  as  in  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio.  In 
order  to  reach  Floyd's  strongly  en- 
trenched position  on  I  be  heights  over- 
looking the  ferry,  Rosecrans  had  lo 
cross  both  the  Kreitsand  the  Powell 
Mountains,  the  Inst  named  being  the 
loftiest  in  Western  Virginia.  This  "as 
a  very  difficult  undertaking,  33  most 
of  the  passes  were  very  rugged  and 
narrow,  it  being  in  ninny  places  neces- 
sary for  the  men  to  go  in  single  lile 
and  to  crawl  upon  their  bauds  ai'd 
knees. 

The  summit  of  the  last  range  was 
reached  by  Itosecrans  at  about  noeu 
of  the  91  h  of  September,  and,  although 
the  troops  were  i  lien  well  nigh  ex- 
hausted after  their  very  wearisome 
march  of  nearly  seventeen  miles,  nu 
lime  was  lo3t  in  making  lecoin  oi"- 
-anees  by  the  Federals.  These  led  10 
an  exchange  of  fire  between  -  picket.", 
nothing  of  much  moment  oecurrmj:. 
Iiowotci',  until  utter  General  Hen  13 
W.  Benluim's  brigade  had  conic  up 
'•arly  the  following  day. 

The  Jailer's  force   made    the    total  ///W- 

Federal    army  there    under    Bosecrans  '  ^,t' 

about   4,000,    as   against   2.0(10    under  ■' ^ 

General   Floyd,   the  hitter  haviug   the 
advantage  in  position. 

General  Bcnbam  had  asked,  and 
was  ordered,  to  advance,  which  he 
did,  with  his  entire  brigade,  com- 
posed of  the  Tenth  Ohio,  Colonel 
William  Haines  Lyttte,  the  Twelfth 
Ohio,  under  Colonel  Lowe,  and  the 
Thirteenth  Ohio,  Colonel  W.  S.  Smith,  governor 
wiih    two    butteries     under     Captains  vitovi; 

McMullen  ami  Schneider. 

The  Tenth  Ohio,  known  us  the  Irish  Regiment, 
which  was  in  ibe  lead,  soon  came  upon  and  en- 
gaged a  Confederate  parapet  battery  located  near 
the  main  road.  This  at  once  drew  a  concentrated 
tire  from  the  enemy's  large  supporting  force,  which 
would  have  completely  swept  Colonel  Lyttle's  men 
bat  for  the  timely  assistance  given  by  Captain 
McMnllen's  and  Captain  Schneider's  guns.  These 
played  successfully  upon  the  enemy  and  enabled 
Lyttle  to  attack  the  central  Confederate  position 
on  the  ncigb bmiiig  bill. 

Under  a  scathing  Ere  the  four  companies  at- 
tempted to  carry  it,  Colonel  Lyttle's  rallying-cry  of 
"Follow,  Tamil  1"  leading  lliem  on  to  renewed 
effort*  which,  however,  proved  unavailing.  The 
entrenched  force  was  too  strong.  In  the  hist  at- 
tempt, directly  in  the  centre,  Lyttle  had  bcou 
severely  wounded  in  the  leg,  and  bad,  besides,  been 
thrown  to  the  ground  by  his  horse,  which,  through 
n  wound,  had  become  unmanageable. 

The  Colonel  hud  to  be  taken  from  the  field,  after 
ordering  his  men  to  fall  buck  beyond  the  range  of 
the  galling  fire  to  which  they  were  being  exposed. 
Color  sergeant  Filsgibboue,  who  was  close  by  Lyttle 
when  ho  fell,  had  his  right  baud  shattered,  but 
immediately  caught  up  and  waved  the  standard 
with  his  left  hand  until  killed  by  a  round-shot. 
The  colors  were  then  taken  by  Sergeant  O'Con- 
nor, and    held    up   until,  exhausted    by   a   wound 


he  had  received,  he  fell  by  the  roadside.  His 
place  was  filled  by  Captain  Stephen  McGroarty, 
who  bore  the  flag  aloft  till  his  company  had 
nearly  reached  cover,  wncn  he,  too,  yielded  up  his 
life  to  a  ball  that  pierced  bis  right  breast. 

The  "  Bloody  .Tenth,"  as  it  was  called,  had  sig- 
nalized itself  to  a  man.  Its  lieutenant-colonel. 
Korff,  Major  Burke,  and  Captains  Ainiis  and 
Moore,  wore  ever  spurring  them  on;  their  much- 
beloved  chaplain,  Father  O'Higgin?,  likewise  taking 
an  active  and  often  too  risky  a  share  in  the  duties 
of  the  moment. 

The  enemy's  right  flank  had  in  the  meantime 
been  engaged  by  Colonel  Lowe's  Twelfth  Ohio,  led 
by  Adjutant-general  Harts  11  ff,  and  by  the  Thir- 
teenth Ohio,  under  Colonel  Smith,  which  latter 
stood  at  the  extreme  right  close  by  the  river. 
Schneider's  battery  remained  in  nearly  its  former 
position,  but  McMnllen's  guns  had  been  brought  to 
bear  on  the  main  Confederate  battery. 

There  stood  at  the  same  time,  on  the  extreme 
Confederate  left,  the  brigade  which  had  been  given 
to  Colonel  Robert  L.  McOook,  ami  which  was  com- 
piled   of    his   own   German  regiment,    the    Ninth 


FRANCIS    H.   PJFRPONT. 

OF  TIROIKEA.  1308  TO  1805,  WITH  STATE 

lONAL  UOVEUNOU,  .iPi'OISTEO  BY  PHBSIDBNT  JOHNSON,   1805 

Ohio,  as  well  as  of  the  Third  Ohio,  and  the  Twenty- 
eighth  Ohio  under  Colonel  Mohr.  Scamuou's  de- 
tachment acted  as  a  reserve. 

McCook  bad  displayed  much  annoyance  nt  not 
being  allowed  to  engage  the  enemy  at  an  earlier 
period,  and  as  soon  as  he  was  given  a  brigade, 
became  almost  wild  with  joy. 

Standing  in  the  saddle,  he  harangued  bis  men 
excitedly,  drawing  from  them  repealed  cheers  of 
approval,  and  waving  his  slouched  hat,  cried  : 
'■Forward,  my  bully  Dutch  !  Wo  will  go  over  the 
entrenchments  if  every  man  dies  on  the  other 
side  !"  The  entire  regiment  seemed  electrified, 
and,  accompanied  by  Hartsuff,  at  once  plunged 
ahead  through  the  woods,  all  eager  for  the  fray. 

The  assault  from  McCook's  men,  us  well  as  along 
the  whole  line,  continued  actively  for  quite  a  while, 
in  fuce  of  serious  losses.  These  included  Colonel 
Lowe  who  was  killed  by  a  musket-ball  piercing  bis 
head  while  be  was  in  the  advance.  By  the  time 
evening  came  most  of  Floyd's  guns  had  been 
silenced,  and  the  Thirteenth  Ohio  was  making 
ready  to  enter  the  works  at  Floyd's  right. 

Rosccraus,  however,  deemed  best  to  fall  back  for 
the  night,  preparatory  to  a  renewed  attack  the  fol- 
lowing day.  The  men  lay  on  their  arms  until  the 
next  morning,  when,  to  their  surprise,  they  found 
the  works  to  have  been  silently  evacuated. 

Either  through  fear  of  a  more  serious  engagement 


i35 

or  by  reason  of  Wise  refusing  to  send  him  reinforce- 
ments, Floyd  had  taken  his  men  across  the  Gaulay 
River,  leaving  behind  a  largo  quantity  of  arms, 
stores  uud  ammunition.  The  losses  of  the  Confede- 
rates the  previous  day  had  been  one  killed  and  ton 
wounded,  the  latter  including  General  Floyd,  whilst 
the  Federals  were  reported  to  have  lost  fully  eighty- 
live  in  killed  and  wounded. 

Floyd's  army  first  fled  to  Dogwood  Gap,  the 
junction  of  the  Summers ville  and  Charleston  roads, 
thence  to  Meadow  bluff  (or  Bridge),  where  ho  was 
joined  by  General  Lee,  nine  days  later. 

Rosccraus  encamped  at  Cross  Roads  (or  Lanes), 
leaving  McCook's  brigade  for  a  while  to  pursue 
Floyd,  the  Federal  forces  finally  resting  on  New 
River,  directly  facing  the  position  then  held  by 
General  Lee  on  the  Big  Sewell  Mountain. 


OPERATIONS  AT  AND  NEAR  SANTA  ROSA 

ISLAND. 

We  have  already  seen  how  Fort  Pickens,  located 

on  Santa  Rosa  Island,  was,  in  January,  18G1,  saved 

from  the  insurgent  grasp  through   tlio  foresighted- 

ness   and    nctivo    energy   displayed    by 

Lieutenant  Adam  J.  Slommer. 

The  little  force  garrisoning  the  place 
had  been  strengthened,  April  Igth,  by 
murines  and  artillery  carried  during 
the  night,  under  the  guns  of  Forts 
Mcltue  and  Barrancas,  by  the  sailing 
frigate  Sabine.  Captain  Adams  ;  the 
steam  sloop- of- war  Brooklyn,  Captain 
Walker;  the  gunboats  Crusader  and 
Wyandot,  and  tlio  storeships  Supply 
and  St.  Louti.  Additional  reinforce- 
ments and  stores  bad  renohed  it  a  taw 
days  Inter  by  the  steam  transports  At- 
lantic and  Illinois,  raising  the  enure 
i   bj        ml      At   the  battle  of 

Dncnn  Vt-ta.  fought  February  S3d-9Sd,  18-17, 
Bragg  w.et  again  promoted  brevet  lieu, 
tenant-colonel.  He  was  engaged  in  frontier 
duly  from  18-18  lo  1855.  He  resigned  bis 
commission  in  the  army  in  ISM,  and  became 
a  planter  in  Louisiana;  was  Commissioner 
of  Public  Works  for  the  Slate  of  Louisiana 
from  1840  to  1801;  was  commissioned 
brigadier-general  and  took  command  of  the 
"  forces  operating  against  Fort  Pickens  in 
1801  ;  was  made  major-general  in  1802.  iind 
joined  (be  Army  of  the  Mississippi.  At  ihe 
battle  of  Shiloh,  April  Olh  and  Tin,  186a,  lie 
commanded   (he  Second   Corps,   tui-cccding 


y  Johnston,  who  h 


He  i 


loll 


i  promoted  to  the 


at    Mi-n 

hiiilly  d.  : 


thinougs. 


Of  h 


mi. I. 


adviser  to  President  Duvte,  with  whom  he  was  n  great 
favorite.  In  180-1  ho  led  a  small  force  from  North 
Carolina  to  (Jeorgiu  to  upei  ale  against  Shcrmun  in  his 
march  lo  the  sea.  iml  met.  with  no  success. 

After  the  sun-ruder  h"  sellh'iJ  in  Mobile,  and  became 
chief  on -inner  ot  the  Slate  of  Alabama  in  improving 
Mobilo  Harbor.  He  died  in  (Julvestan,  Tesaa,  on  Sop- 
teuibei  -27lb,  1870. 


THE    FEDERAL    WAR    STEAMER.     "SOUTH    CAROLINA"    SHELL1N 


T   5th,    1801. 


SHARPSHOOTING.- TRIAL    OP  SKILL    OK  BERDAN'"    RIFLEMEN    BEFORE 


SHARPSHOOTING  - TRIAL    OP  SKILL    Of  BERDAX'a    RIFLEMEN    BEFORE    GBKEBAJ     McCLELLAK    AND     STAFF    AT   WASHINGTON.   SEPTEMBER   20th.   166L 


140 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CIVIL     WAR. 


iii^t^^siiiw 


THE    SOLD  IF R     IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


141 


THE    POPULAH    LOANS 
At  tub  Nobth  kXn  South. 

I>"  order  to  provide  all  tho  menus 
Uiat  were  likely  to  bo  needed  for  a 
thorough  prosecution  of  tlie  Oivil 
War,  the  United  States  Congress  acted 
upon  the  suggestion  of  Salmon  P. 
Chose,  then  Secretary  of  the  Treasury, 
and  authorized  o  'oan  of  8250,000,000. 
For  tin's  there  wore  to  be  issued  bonds 
bearing  seven  per  cent,  annual  interest , 
and  redeemable  in  twenty  years  ;  also 
Treasury  notes  payable  in  three  years, 
and  hearing  so  von  and  three- tenths 
|ier  cent,  annual  interest.  An  Act 
was  also  passed  by  Oi ingress  tin  the  flth 
of  August,  1BG1,  f'-r  the  increase  of 
revenues  from  imports  and  by  taxes, 
in  order  to  provide  for  the  interest  to 


1  the  1 


r  loi 


The  combined  bunks  uf  New  York, 
Philadelphia  and  Boston,  seeing  the 

obvious  advantages  of  the  loan,  at  once  agreed  lo  Street,  New  York  Oily, 
take  it ;  hut  Mr.  Chose  preferred  t    the    isc-'es    oboYS 


142 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CIVIL     WAR. 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CiriL     WAR. 


m 


alluded  to,  ih?n"  ",.'jSn.873,    and    with    but    limited    resources  to  lie  honesty  as  a  means  of  promoting  their  material 

meet  its  accruing  interest.     But  with  tho  break-  wealth  and  securing  recognition  by  tho  commercial 

ing  out  of  tho  Civil  War  a  now  era   began,  and  nations  of  tho  world. 

the  necessity  of  creating  means  for  suppressing  the 

rebellion  in  the  Southern  Stale*  led  to  the  estab-  COUPON  BONDS. 
lishmcut  of  a  stablo  foundation  upon  which  the  These  bonds  called  into  circulation  n  largo 
past  as  well  03  tho  large  prospective  indebtedness  amount  in  small  savings  of  gold  and  silver  pre- 
was  to  be  satisfactorily  cared  for.  viotisly  lying  idle  in  old  bureaus,  hidden  boxes,  aud 
The  foundation  lay  in  the  issue  of  bonds  and  of  stockings,  where  ths  careful  housewife  had  fore 
gone   the   interest   for   the  sake  of 

^w0^^^^;^'!;^?,^,^I:^^;^^■^-t^t  *™-tt>'rtr  conpona    wore 

Taw  m*  "  -sua  rf  s*m  vat  no.  rauw  to  man?. 


safely. 
i  new   source    0 


representatives,  by  a!!  of  whom  it  was  pronounce' 
as  singularly  remarkable  in  its  execution.  It  was 
adopted  almost  exclusively  at  Fort  Calhoun,  which 
had  been  erected  at  tho  Rip-Raps,  near  Fortress 
Monroe,  especially  for  active  work  tguinrt  (lie 
enemy's  butteries.  This  gun  did  more  enec  found 
by  Dovens,  nor  did  he 
come  upon  any  of  tho 
enemy.  Ho  therefore  sent  for 
further  orders,  and  was  told  to  re- 
majii,  pending  the  arrival  of  rein- 
forcements. These  soon  followed  under  Lieu 
tenant-colonel  Ward,  increasing  his  force  to  si; 
hundred  ami  twenty  men. 

Colonel   Dana  was  ordered  to  cross   Edwards'; 
Ferry,  with  two  companies  of  the  First  Minnesota    tho   very  outset,  their    i 
Regiment,  under  cover  of  guns  from  Rickotts's  bat-    dead,   pierced  by  bullets 
tory,  and  to  search  the  country  around  as  well  as    arm.* 
protect  a  detachment  of  Van  Alcn's  cavalry  sent 

ahead  foi  tho  sumo  purpose.  Tho  skirmishers  came  *  amerai  Dakar  hs.i  been  wound 
upon  a  Confederate  regiment  and  exchanged  fire,  ^L'Ii|L.l!^'',!j;n"^nh^'Jn!^lwi'I1i'r.t 
without,  however,  much  damage  (o  cither  side.  shf-i*  iiuo  la*  irmly  from  u  nwiu-r . 

Dovons's  force  had  had  a  slight  skirmish  while  in    ?j2i|1,'"1JB *jj№ '''{'.'[  Ti"i<  Troops.  Union  Artillery. 

UNGAGEILENT    BETWEEN    FEDERAL    AND    CONFEDERATE    TROOPS    ON    THE    VIRGINIA    HIDE    OP   THE    I'OTI 


RETHEAT    OF    THE 


FEDERAL   TROOPS    FROM     1HE    VIRGINIA    SHORE    ACBOS 


ssi^i^^ 


f :n(Jai;i :m j;ni   uii'nviiiiN   i'JvM-iiial  and  conkicdkratk 


THE    POTOMAC, 


kY    OF    PARROTT 


UK    MARYLAND    SHORE, 


TKEAT    OP   THE    FEDERAL  TROOPS   FKOM    1HE    VIRGINIA    SHORE    ACROSS  I   CANAL-BOAT    BRIDGE    AT    EDWARDS'S  FERRY,   OS  THE  NIGHT  OF  OCTOBER  23i",    1801. 


W 


THE     SOLDIER     IN     OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


met,  for  the  time,  by  the  commanding  general's 
statement  that  General  Stone  was  without  blame, 
a  conclusion  McClcllnn  had  arrived  at  w!;en  (it 
Poolcsvillfl  on  Tuesday,  the  23d. 

Many  were  not,  however,  satisfied  with  this  dis- 
position of  the  matter,  and  Congress  was  for  a  long 
time  ngitatcd  by  warm  discussions  on  the  subject. 
This  ted.  February  8th,  1862,  to  the  arrest  and  in- 
carceration in  Fort  Lafayette  of  Gf.ncral  Stone, 
by  order  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  although  ho  had 
In  the  meantime  been  placed  by  General  McClcllnn 
m  command  of  an  increased  force  of  twelve  thou- 


cloqnence,  gained  for  him  In  after  years  such  a  popularity, 
tti3t  be  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Semite  from  Illinois 
in  1848,  and  from  Oregon  in  1600.  Ho  hail,  meanwhile,  vol- 
unteered in  the  Mexican  War,  and  on  the  field  hod  won  the 
admiration  of  all  bj  a  rigid  and  coasdentiom  attention  to  the 
arduous  duties  of  the  camp,  as  well  as  by  his  singular  forti. 
tudu  through  the  trying  ordeals  of  the  murch  and  battle, 
lie  had  aflcrwurd  visited  California,  and  there  also  had 
Mn-ngihi'Diil  hi-  :iln;niv  LT'Mt  reputation  us  an  orator  and 
debater,  the  truly  brilliant  fratint)  lie  delivered  over  the 
remains  of  his  friend  Brotlerick,  killed  in  n  duel,  being  of 
itself  sufficient  to  merit  him  n  national  fame. 

When  the  civil  war  broke  out,  lie  aided   materially  the 
popular  movement  in  behalf  of  the  North  by  his  frequent. 


the  Add  in  case  he  was  killed,  ns  be  Justly  fenici  TVs 
request  was  carried  out  by  Captain  Bevel,  of  the  Firet  Cali- 
fornia negimcut,  who  was  near,  and  shot  the  Confederal!! 
soldier  whom  he  li;ni  Ken  emptying  his  revolver  ai  General 
Baker. 

General  JilcClcllua's  report  of  the  bnttlo  alluded  to  the  low. 
of  Baker  "  ia  the  fullue**  of  bis  power  as  a  statesman,  nud  in 
the  course  of  a  brilliant  career  us  n  soldier  distinguished  in 
two  wars, "  and  Congress  subsequently  named  a  day  for  the 
consideration  of  his  death.  In  presence  of  the  Prrsident,  tbu 
Cabinet,  the  Judiciary  niul  Ciingn-s-,  filling  eulogies  were 
accordingly  pronounced  in  the  House  of  Representatives, 
Washington,  on  the  llth  of  December,  ISGt.  a  liny  on  which 
ul  in  (ML  tlio  entire  nation  likewise  juinwi  iu  impression  of  grief 


DKATII   OF   COLONEL   EDWAIID    DICKLS'SON    BAKER,  WHILE    LEADING    HI3    REGIMENT    AT    TUB    BATTLE    OF   BALLS   BLUFF,   OCTOBER  l&T,  18411. 


sand  ii 


,i,.l  had  !: 


General  Stone  wits  shortly  afterward  transferred 
from  Port  Lafayette  to  hotter  quarters  ut  Fort 
ITamiltoii,  also  located  in  New  York  Harbor,  anil 
was  finally  released  unconditionally,  August  lOtll, 
taking  command  again  under  General  llanke  in 
May  of  the  following  year. 

EDWARD  DICKINSON  BAKER. 
Boas  la  London,  Fug.,  of  Quaker  parents,  February  34th, 
£-1  emieratid  lu  the  United  States  in  his  youth,  remain- 
ing but  a  shor-.  lime  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and 
finally  Settling  iu  what  was  at  tb..t  time  called  tllD  Far  West 
'.the  Scale  of  Hlinois) ;  studied  low,  and,  notably  at  the 
Springfield  (Til.)  Bar.  nltnincd  a  very  high  degree  of  eml- 
L'enee,     His   fine   address    sympathetic   i iner,   and  great 


fori! 


..nil     Si.. i 


brigade,  acllng  as  a  special  curps  of  observation  on  (be  right 
Honk  of  the  Aniiv  of  Ihe  Poiomac  juM  Imtura  the  buttle  of 
Boll's  Bluff. 

R  was  at  the  latter  engagiineiil  tlint  Colonel  Baker,  who 
hnd.  just  before  be  en  lend  the  hat  lie,  lieen  notillcil  of  bis 
appointment  as  lirigTiiticr-gimral.  whs  killed,  October  L'lsl, 
ISOI,  while  at  the  hci.d  of  lib  command.  Ho  hud  been  fore- 
ii  ..-1  in  the  ligiil,  uinl  ii  w:i-  wliil.-  making  a  final  d  >.■■[•• 'rat..- 
effort  to  rally  against  numbers  far  greater  than  his  own  that 
he  fell,  pierced  by  bullets.  His  death  must  have  been  in- 
staatflneous,  for  It  was  found  that  he  hnd  been  shot  in  the 
head,  body,  arm  anil  side.  He  seemed  to  have  a  presenti- 
ment of  dentb.  und  lmd  directed  lib  meo  to  take  his  bodv  off 


TnE  UNITED  BTATE8  MILITARY  TKLEG11APH. 
The  illustration  represents  n  station  of  the  Military  Tele- 
graph. Ah  the  army  advanced,  it  was  accompanied  by  a  corpl 
of  men  belonging  exclusively  to  the  Telegraph  Bureau,  wlm 
mode  all  the  necessary  wire  connections  for  the  prompt  trans- 
mission of  orders  between  the  Generul  Commnndlng  and  tlio 
War  Department.  The  operator  is  here  seen  nt  his  Eight 
work,  receiving  dispatches,  while  a  mounted  orderly  is  await- 
ing in  order  to  convey  (hem  to  the  division  generals. 

The  Military  Telegraph  played  an  important  part  In  the 
ronduct  of  the  several  campaigns,  and  was  perfected  so  at 
;o  become  Indispensable  Ii  the  War  Department  in  direct- 
ing opcmlions,  ulthough  some  of  the  Federal  generals  whe 
gained  success  ia  the  West  claimed  that  thair  success  was 
due  to  the  fact  that  they  were  not  in  telegraphic  comrounl 
calico  with  Washington,  and  the  only  nts  of  tho  line  was 
their  victory. 


THE     SOLDIER     IN    OUK     CIVIL     WAR 


'53 


-KIHMISBIN'G    BETWEEN    THE    PICKETS   OF   THE   TWO    ARHIE8    IN    VIHGINIA. 


UliiTiJ>  STATES  MILITAltY  TELEGUAI'U  aTAIIOi"  IX  YIKUiS 


'54 


THE    SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


THE    SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CIVIL 


CHARLES  WILKES. 

Bons  in  .Vtiy  York  City,  1801.  When 
eighteen  yenra  old  lit  was  appointed  la 
I  led  Stales  Navy  as  midsbipmuni 


n  i-ji;  I, 


i  ci led  t( 


1855i  c 


n;   reached  the  rank  of  com- 
1843;   was    made  captain  jn 

mndnre  iu  1863,  and  rear-ad- 
miral  io  1806.  He  conducted  the  cele- 
brated "  Wilkes  Exploring  Expedition  " 
in  the  Southern  and  Pacific  Oceans  from 
1KW  iu  1843,  and  published  tbo  narrative, 
which  was  of  great  interest  and  value. 

In  1801,  In  command  of  the  frigate  Sin 
Jacinto,  lie  salted  for  the  Wert  Indies,  la 
scorch  of  the  Confederate  cruiser  Sumter 
Ilia  plans  of  operation  Were  (JiuncTii  on 
learning  of  the  emhjrk.it  inn  nf  Hi-  IViq. 
ffder.llcr nil--i,,i     -.    M    .    r,  , rid  Slide  11 

tor  Eurnpf,  imrl  I,,,  ivr.  m  ].:,.]  n.  ];n:i-[i 
mail-steamer  Trent  in  mid-ocean,  "ud 
took  from  her  the  commissioners,  who, 
together  with  (lie  captain  of  the  Trent, 
chimed  Oio  protection  of  fhu  British  flng. 
under  which  they  were  wilting,  no, 
however,  carried  them  to  Boston.  TJiU 
act  nro.1  loudly  applauded  hj-  nil  the 
tvwli.'  tif  rlic  N.irlli.  und  rcei ivi-d  the  np- 
probation  of  the  Navy  Department  and 
of  Congress,  and  the  couinm-nnuers  were 
for  nearly  two  mouths,  held  us  prisouers- 
of-wnr. 

In  spite  of  the  apparent  opposition  of 
the  wliolo  North,  and  in  the  face  o(  the 
""illiii^iii-.j  i if  tin'  p.. i. ph..  in  i  li:ii n  war 

with  England  rather  than  give  them  up, 

the  Stale  Department  determined  In  re- 
lease them,  and  .Mr.  Seward,  tlio  Secre- 
tary of  State,  received  the  den  initial  ion 
of  the  people,  who  were  less  conversant 
with  the  r^j-Jirements  of  internal  tonal 
law,  wide  a  exDrcwion  of  disapproval  ran 
so  high  as  to  ra  tually  endanger  bis  iwsi- 
liao  in  tlio  Cabinet,  Subsequent  events 
allowed  his  wisdom,  and  it  is  one  of  the 
many  Instances  In  which  Hid  able  Se- 
cretary of  State  avoided  corapliculiona 
ivilh  foreign  go  ""laments,  all  of  which, 
wve,  perhaps,  Auada,  wero  ready  and 
anxious  to  seize  any  pretext  to  acknow- 
ledge Iho  Southern  Confederacy  ns  a  nation.  In  1802,  Com- 
modore Wilkes  wis  placed  in  command  of  the  flotilla  co-op. 
cmling  wilh  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  on  the  Peninsula. 

On  Die  wilhdr  wal  of  McCJellnn's  army  from  the  Virginia 
Peninsula.  Commodore  Wilkes  organized  a  flying  squadron 
for  the  purpose  of  breaking  up  blockade-running  between 
Hie  Sou  them  States  and  the  West  Indies.  Me  made  many 
Important  captures.  In  July,  1609,  he  was  promoted  rear- 
uiinirul,  mid  soon  after  placed  on  [ho  rciired  list,     lie  died 


n  Woa 


ng-.;rj,  D  0"  Pebruarj  blii,  1877. 


CHARLES    WILKEa 

was  bom  in  Fairfax  County,  Vn.,  on  November  Sd.  1708  ■ 
graduated  in  1818  m  (h,.  University  of  Pennsylvania-  stu- 
died law  at  the  eclcbralcd  College  of  William  and  Mary  ot 
Virginia;  practiced  law;  was  eleclcd  to  the  Slat.-  f.e-"i0  men,  for  Major  "White 
had  been  too  ill  to  march  his  litllo  hand 
as  rapidly  as  tho  others;  hut,  rather  than 
delay  and  uwnit  Uioir  arrival,  Zagonyi  de- 
termined !o  nice!  the  disparity  in  forces, 
and  to  make  an  immediate  attack.  Turn- 
ing around  to  bis  men,  ho  oxclnlmoU : 
"Follow  me  and  do  like  mol  Comrades, 
tho  hour  of  danger  has  como.  Your  first 
battle  is  before  you.  Tho  enemy  is  two 
thousand  strong,  and  wo  uro  but  ono  hnn 
dred  and  fifty.  It  is  possible  no  man  will 
come  back.  If  any  of  you  would  turn  back, 
yon  can  do  so  now  !"  Cheers  woro  the  only 
responso  that  came  from  the  inon,  so  eagei 
wero  they  for  tho  eneuunter.  Then  Za- 
gonyi shouted  :  "I  will  lead  you  I  Let  tho 
watchword  be,  'The  Union  and  Fremont  I' 
Draw  sabres!  By  tho  right  flank - quick 
trot - march  !"  aud  away  they  dashed,  down 
a  narrow  lane,  into  tho  open,  across  a  small 
ver  a  rail-fence,  to  meet  the 
ing  lino  of  infantry,  flanked 
on  tho  left  by  a  body  of  cavalry.  On  they 
go,  notwitlistanoing  that  many  have  fallen 


brook,  and   c 
firo  of  a  strr 


ISO  IN   CAMP-KITCHEN   OF  THE   FREMONT  DRAGOONS. 


1 62 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL    WAR. 


TII£    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


tSi 


FEDEHAL    TI!0U1\S    (IF    FKFMOSTS    ARMY    FOKAGIXlf    IN'    SIISSOtJKI. 


under  the  heavy  fire  pouring  in  upon  them,  until, 
lit  il  given  signal,  Lieutenant  Majthenyi  and  thirty 
men  engage  the  Confederate  cavalry,  and  Zngonyi's 
commandj  "Jn  open  ordir - charge!"  is  c.\eoutcd. 
Then  the  engagement  is  at  its 
height, 

The  horsemen  dash  fiercely 
iiitu  the  forco  against  them,  cut- 
ling  to  the  right  and  left,  and 
in  a  few  momenta  the  enemy  ia 
forced  to  break  away  in  mid 
disorder,  both  in  the  immediate 
rront  and  in  the  direction  where 
ilnjtlieiivi  had  first  engaged 
tliom.  J  list  aa  this  takes  place, 
t'autaiu  McNuughtoii  reaches  the 
seono  with  fifty  men  of  Major 
White's  force.  The  order  to  fol- 
low ia  given,  and  all  dash  ahead 
fur  a  second  charge  through  the 
woods,  overtaking  many  of  the 
fugitives  there,  as  well  as  in  the 
streets  of  Springfield  and  in 
Hie  forest  beyond  the  city,  re- 
turning only  when  farther  pur- 
suit  appeared  useless. 

Zagonyi's  bravo  followers  suf- 
fered a  loss  of  eighty-lour  dead 
iirid  wounded  in  this  engage 
ment,  which,  for  the  boldness  of 
iM  undertaking  and  the  rapidity 
ol  its  execution  under  the  sin- 
gularly great  disparity  of  num- 
bers, certainly  has  hut  few  par- 
allels in  any  history. 

Upon  hearing  of  this  truly 
brilliant  achievement,  the  army 
""as  wild  with  enthusiasm,  and 
when  Vngonyi's  men  reached 
camp,  they  met  with  the  ovation 
they  richly  deserved  on  all  sides, 
besides  receiving  due  mention  in 
general  orders  from  the  "on> 
mandmji  geuuraL 


The  troops  behaved  admirably  during  their  re-  Only  once,  while  passing  through  Berryvillo,  were 
peated  marches,  through  good  and  bad  weather,  and  they  successful  in  foraging  on  a  large  scale.  Quite 
notwithstanding  the  fact  that  "hard   lack  "  alone    an  extensive  poultry  yard  belonging  to    Southern 


had,  for  (piite  a  while. 


ly  to  be  put  up  with,     sy  input  his 


a  of  the  attack,  whence, 
after  a  spirited,  somewhat  hu- 
morous and  prolonged  contest, 
nil  the  innocents  were  captured, 
tho  living  aa  well  as  the  dead, 
and  borno  away  in  triumph. 

On  tho  1st  of  November,  1861, 
part  of  Fremont's  army  lay  on 
the  Ozark  Hills  around  Spring- 
field, and  lost  no  time  in  arrang- 
ing for  the  long  -  an  ticipated 
attack  on  Price ;  bat  on  tho  fol- 
lowing day  an  order  was  received 
directing  him  to  turn  over  his 
command  to  General  David 
Hunter.  The  latter  being  than 
some  distance  in  the  rear,  did 
not  arrive  until  midnight  of  tho 
3d,  while  renewed  preparations 
"n  being  made  for  tho  at- 


Tlies 


,  ho 


BCquently  countermanded.  Pre. 
inont  and  his  stall  returned  fa" 
St.  Louis  early  on  tho  4th  cf 
November,    and    by    the    middle 

of  the  latter  month  the  Federal 
army  was  ordered  to  retreat  Iron 
Springfield  in  the  same  direction 


.JOHN  rllAltl.KS  FIlF.Mit.NT. 


Savannah,   Ga.,  Jnnuur} 


JDBTDS   McKISSTRY. 


1813,  Ili-  fallier,  who  boil  c 
gniltil  lo  Georgia  from  Fruuec,  iIImI 
When  be  wm  four  years  eld.  providing 
to  give  him  a  good  uJuculion.  He 
frniihiii("l  from  (he  Charleston  (S.C.; 
College  in  1830;  taught  mallicraBlics 
an  J  iiciuninted  himself  thofoogil.' 
wfth  ih"!  science  of  engineering.  In 
this  he  acquired  distinction,  end  *" 
recommended  for  service  In  thr  Vis 
itaiDpI     survey.      The     Gutuui>i3i 


If)d 


THE    SOLDIER     IN     OUR     CIl'lI.     WAR. 


u  b 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CIVIL    WAR. 


I65 


appreciating  his  services,  made  him  second  lieutenant  o[  eisco.  and  successfully  traversed  ihecouolry  of  the  Apaches, 

engineers  in   1838,  in   n  Inch  capacity  lie  was  sent  10   make  Comsncbcs  and  other  tribes,  arriving  ui  Sacramento  on  the 

n  survey  of  the  Des  Moines  River.  Pacific  Coast,  in  one  hundred  days  from  Santa  Fe,  January, 

In  October,  1841,   he  eloped  with  nud  married  Jessie.  Hie  18(0. 
daughter  of  United  Suites  Senator  Thomas  II.  Beoton.  ami        lie  served  as  United  Slates  Senator  from  California,  1810 

during  Uie   ill  on  ill  of  Slay   following  he  was  sent   to   cany  lo   1851,  spending  the  year  1S52.  abroad,  and  in  1353  iniide 

uiil  Ids  plnn  ol  explorations  through  the  Rocky  Mountains,  nnoilier  exploration  of  the  Pacific,      lu  1350  lie  was  uutul- 

i,|iiili    wife   completed   in   Oclohcr  in  tho  same   year,  and  nalid  for  President  as  the  first  candidate  of  the  newly  funned 

,|,  -ifinlli   aliniL'ttfl  a  great  deal  of  alien  lion.      These  were  Republican  parly,  hut  was  defeated  by  llie  elecUou  nf  James 

followed    111  I1"!".  I>J  exploration "  through  Oiegon  nudnloug  Buchanan.      He  returned  to  California  in  1853,  and  remained 

■In    I '.[i  ifli   <  o.i-t,  during  which  he  successfully  determined  011   the   Coast  until   the  early  part  of  1801,  when  he  made 

Ihi    BcoErapliicol  position  of  many  important  poinla  in  the  another  trip  to  Europe,  in  order  to  eu"ccuho  salcof  the  large 

l-'iit  VVi-1  hitherto  unknown,  property  he  had    acquired  many  years    before  in   Mariposa. 

In  1315  lie  was  appointed  captnin  by  hrevel,   nnd   again  Cal.,  in  which  tract    the   celebrated  Yoseinlle   Valley  nud 

journey  d  through  lo  the  Pacific  Coast  on  a  more  extended  "  Big  Trees  "  arc  located. 


JUSTUS  McKINSTRT. 

Born  in  New  York,  from  which  State  he  was  appointed 
a  cadet  in  the  Military  Academy  at  West  Point  in  1833; 
entered  the  army,  on  bis  graduation,  as  second  lieutenant  of 
the  First  lofimlry ;  in  .de  nssistaiil  commissary  of  subsistence 
in  Seplcmher.  1838;  promoted  to  a  first  lieutenancy  lo 
April.  1811,  and  lo  nn  ns-'isuni  (jiinrler mastership,  with  the 
rank  ol  captnin,  in  March  1847  ;  was  placed  in  command  of 
a  company  of  volunteer*  during  the  Mexican  War.  and  pro- 
moted to  lie  a  bievet.major  "  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
conduct  in  the  lialtles  of  Contrcrns  and  ChurubilSCO." 

When  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War,  General  Fre- 
mont was  placed  in  comuiiuul  of  the  Department  of  Uie 
West,  with   hen  1 1  quarters  at  St.  Louis,  and  when  by   reason 


GENERAL    PRENTISS'S    DIVISION    ON    ITS    MARCH    FKOM    [RONTON   TO  CAPE   GIKARDEATJ    GATHERING   StCESU    OATS. 


exploration  ihnu  miy  of  luc  previous  one-      During  the  last 

niniieit,  hti  encountered  ninny  severe  hardships,  I  im-onco 

strongly  opposed  in  his  advance  by  the  Mcxicao  Geuonil 
Castro,  whom  lie  delcnlcd.  nlier  quite  1  prolong  ie-i-liiiu  e. 

He  was  elected  Governor  of  California  by  the  settlers  in 
1840,  and  received  promotion  to  lieutennnt-colonel  in  the 
iirniy  011  the  lUtli  of  January.  1847.  During  Ida  occupation 
of  the  executive  chair  lie  carried  on  negotiations  with  the 
Mexicans  by  which  the  California  Territory  became  a  part 
•■t  the  United  Sfcucs. 

On  ihe  breaking  out  of  the  Mcvicau  War  be  was  on  the 
point  of  entering  the  army  ;  but  a  charge  of  mutiny  having 
been  preferred  iigniuM  him,  he  was  court-martialed,  mid  seu- 

Presidtut.  however,  refused  to  Indorse.  Fremont  neverthe- 
less, resigned  bis  position  in  the  army,  and,  toward  the  end 
of  the  year  1848.  he  made  another  exploration,  during  which 
he  surveyed  a  new  road    from  the  Mississippi  to  Sau  Frao- 


Whilo  abroad,  he  was  notified  of  his  appointment  as  a 
major-general  of  volumecm,  and  immediately  returned  to 
the  Untied  Stntei.  receiving,  shortly  after  his  arrival.  .Inly 
Oih.  1861.  the  assignment  of  the  Department  of  the  West, 
with  headquarters  at  St.  Louis. 

On  his  arrival  in  St.  Louis.  November  8lh,  he  was  given 
au  enthusiastic  reception,  receiving  an  address  of  welcome 
from  the  citizens,  who  bad  organized  for  him  a  large  torch- 
light procession,  and  had  uniled  lu  the  public  presentation 
to  him  of  a  aword-of-honor  costing  $1,000,  inscribed: 


On  Ihe  lllh  of  March.  18(12.  he  was  placed  in  charge  of 
tbc  Mountain  Department.  He  was  again  nominated  for 
President  by  the  Cleveland  Convenlion  in  1864,  but  soon 
withdrew  his  name  from  the  candidacy. 

lie  was  made  Governor  of  Arizona  in  1878  and  is  now 
(18811  living  in  retirement  On  Stuteu  Island. 


of  the  continued  serious  disiurhancea  on  the  part  of  South- 
ern sympathizers,  it  ivo9  found  necessary  to  place  Si.  Louis 
uudcr  martial  law.  McKinsiry  was  appointed  to  ihe  post  of 
provost-marshal.  During  his  term  of  office  he  was  mado  a 
brigadier-general.  He  fulHIhd  admirably  the  requirements 
of  the  position  at  a  time  when  the  execution  of  the  laws, 
and  of  all  official  acts,  was  attended  with  no  small  degree 
of  danger.  By  his  direction,  some  of  the  most  noted  South- 
ern abettors  and  disturbers  of  the  pence  were  arrested,  Ibus 
preventing  the  possibility  of  serious  outbreaks.  He  also 
caused  Ihe  suspension  of  the  Settling  Sfiueurfan,  Morning 
Herald,  and  War  Bulletin,  charged  trilb  the  publication  of 
disloyal  articles ;  his  most  Important  act.  however,  while 
holding  office,  being  the  execution  of  a  deed  of  emancipa- 
tion to  two  slaves  belnogiug  lo  Thomas  L.  Sncad,  of  SU 
Louis,  the  lallcr  having,  in  the  words  of  Fremont's  procla- 
malion  of  August  31st,  1861.  "taken  on  active  part  with  the 


EXPERIMENTAL    PRACTICE  IN    PO^'TONlNS-CONSTRUCTrNG    KOPE    SUSPENSION   A 

IS    PRESENCE   OF    GENES 


expeiumkn'',al  practice  in  povtonixg- constructing  rope  suspension  a>t 


IN    PRESENCE   OP    GKNE3AJ  Slrcr.RLLAN    A>D   STAFF. 


RUBBER    PONTON    BRIDGES    AT    CAMP    ALEXANDER.    NBAH    WASHINGTON,   D.  C 


l6S 


CHE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIl'lL     WAR. 


THE    SOLDIER     rN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


10$ 


CAPTURE  OF  PADUCAH. 

The  soizuro,  by  tho  Confederate  General  Polk,  of 
ioth  Columbus  and  Hickman,  Ky.,  OU  the  4th  of 
September,  and  Iho  consequent  threatening  of 
Pudueah,  ninilo  it  necessary  for  tlio 
Federals  to  at  onco  occupy  the  latter 
place,  situated  about  forty-seven  miles  cast  of  Cairo, 
utid  occupying  an  important  strategic  position  nt  the 
eonliuoneo  of  the  Ohio  and  Tennessee  Rivera. 

The  City  of  Cairo  hud  been  reinforced  and  taken 
possession  of  by  General  Fremont  on  the  first  of  tho 
previous  mouth,  and  was  then  tho  centre  of  a  district 
lately  placed  in  command  of  General  Grant,  who,  on 
Thursday,  the  5th  of  September,  was  in  readiness 
fcr  the  advance. 

He  had  ordered  tho  embarkation,  on  the  trans- 
ports   G.  IT.  Graham   and  IT.  11.  #..  of   both   tlio 


Ninth  and  tho  Twelfth  Illinois  Infantry  Regiments, 
then  commanded  reflectively  by  Major  Phillips  and 
Colonel  McArthur,  with  Jour  guns  belonging  to 
Smith's  Chicago  Artillery,  under  Lieutenant  Wil- 
lard.  and  on  the  evening  of  the  lost-named  date  he 
left  Cairo,  preceded  and  followed  by  the  gunboats 
Tyler,  Commodore  Itodgers,  and  the  Conentoga, 
Captain  Phelps,  reaching  Pudueah  early  the  follow- 
ing day. 

The  troops  were  immediately  landed,  and 
marched  throughout  the  city,  the  Ninth  Regiment 
finally  locating  in  tho  depot  at  the  northern  ter- 
minus of  tho  Mobilo  and  Ohio  Railway,  and  tho 
Twelfth  Regiment  being  ijiuirtored  at  tho  Marine 
Hospital.  There  was  found  at  the  depot  a  large 
quantity  of  military  stores  of  all  kinds,  valued  ut 
about  $20,000.  and  much  important  mail  matter  at 
tho  post-office,  all  of  which  was  seized. 


Major  Phillips  then  took  five  companies  of  tbt 
infantry  and  Lieutenant  Willard's  guns  to  a  point 
nearly  seven  miles  distant  on  tho  railroad  track, 
whero  a  large  bridge  and  trcstlework  were  burned, 
and  meeting  no  opposition  on  Iho  line,  rolnrned  to 
tho  depot. 

In  the  meantime,  Commodore  Rodgers  had  seized 
the  telegraph-office,  and  hearing  that  some  Con- 
federate vessels  wore  espcoted  down  the  Tennessee 
River,  ho  had  ordered  Captain  Phelps  to  take  the 
Cnueafugii  on  a  recorinoissanco.  The  latter  had 
proceeded  but  a  short  distance  when  a  Confederate 
steamer  was  scon  endeavoring  to  escape.  Clinso 
was  immediately  given,  and  tho  steamer  was  soon 
run  ashore  and  captured,  being  found  to  contain  a 
very  valuable  cargo  of  tobacco.  Tho  following  day, 
the  Contttega  captured  two  more  vessels,  making 
three  in  all,  which  were  afterward  taken  to  Cairo. 


m  mJMm#Im 


1   PADtTCAB   BY  GENERAL  r.RANT.    SEPTEMBER 


I/O 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


THE    SOLDIER     IJV    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


With  tho  new  to  ranking  Paducah  a  permanent 
?ontro,  tho  troops  began,  very  ahwrtly  niter  their 
arrival,  to  strengthen  the  approaches  to  tho  town, 
and  with  the  aid  of  tho  Eighth  and  tho  Forty-first 
Illinois,  as  well  is  the  American  Zouave,  Regi- 
ments, which  arrived  on  tho  7th,  constructed 
cirthworks  and  other  defenses  in  every  direction. 
i  in  the  lllth  of  September  they  commenced  build- 
ing (i  pontoon  bridge  across  tho  Ohio  River,  by 
strongly  anchoring  together  a  number  of  coal- 
)>:ir,'. 


McClerke,  of  llic  litter,  and  Colonel  Dougherty,  of 
the  T  n'euty-sccond  Illinois,  wore  both  very  severely 
wounded,  anil  taken  prisoners.  Goncvnl  Grant  nnd 
General  MeClcniund  each  hud  a  horse  shot  under 
liim.  A  second  horse  taken  by  McClornand  being 
wounded  and  unmanageable,  ho  mounted  a  gun 
that  had  just  been  captured,  and  from  it  rallied  his 
men,  displaying  coolnass.  and  judgment  that  called 
forth  admiration  frcm  all,  and  received  public 
notice  in  the  general  order  of  the  day  following. 
General  Grant  said:  "It  has  been  my  fortune  to 
have  been  in  all  the  battles  fought  in  Mexico  by 
Jtenorals  Scott  and  Taylor,  save  Uuonn  Vista,  and  I 
never  saw  one  more  hotly  contested,  or  where  troops 
behaved  with  more  gallantry." 

FORT  LAFAYETTE. 

At  the  commencement  of  the  Civil  War.  Fort 
Lafayette  was  designated  by  the  State  Department 
of  the  Federal  tloverumont  as  the  place  of  detention 
for  political  prisoners. 

It  is  situated  at  what  is  called  tbe  Narrows,  which 


is  the  entrance  proper  to  the  Hay  of  Mow  York  ; 
and,  in  conjunction  with  Fort  Hamilton,  situated 
on  the  bin  IF  at  its  rear  on  tbe  Lour  [aland  shore,  as 
well  as  Fort  Richmond  on  the  opposite  or  Stnton 

Island  shore,  formed  at  that  period  lbs  main  de- 
fense to  New  York  Harbor. 

Fort  Lafayette  was  built  on  a  shoal  entirely  sur- 
rounded by  water,  and  about  350  yards  from  the 
mainland.  Its  armament  consisted  of  two  rows  of 
heavy  guns  in  bomb- pro" f  casemate,  besides  a  few 
guns  en  bnrhelle.  Owing  to  its  peculiar  quad- 
mngnlar  shape,  it  originally  bore  the  name  of  Fort 
Diamond,  being  afterward  changed  as  above  in 
honor  of  the  Marquis  do  Lafayette,  who  rendered 
such  signal  services  to  this  country  during  the  Revo- 
lution, and  revisited  this  country  in  1824, 

During  the  progress  of  the  Civil  War,  Fort  La- 
fayette held  11  largo  number  of  prominent  persons 
as  political  prisoners,  many  of  whom,  however,  re- 
mained only  until  they  were  willing  to  lake  tho 
oath  of  tUeginmo  to  the  United  Slates  Government. 
Like  in  all  arrest*  For  political  offenses,  many  in- 
nocent persons  offered. 


From  tho  list  before  us  we  give  a  few  names  : 
James  G.  Borrott,  Mayor  of  tho  City  of  Washing- 
ton, ]).  (', ;  Pierre  llnller,  prominent  citizen  01 
Philadelphia,  1'.,.;  Cntain  He  Lagnol,  Confederate 
States  Hiny,  Alexandria,  Va.;  Joseph  Howard, 
journalist,  New  Y.irk  City;  Algernon  S.  Sullivan, 
counsolor-ut-Iaw,  Now  York  City;  Marcus  Cicero 
Stanley,  journalist.  Hew  York  City  ;  Charles  J. 
Faulkner,  ox-United  States  Minister  to  Franco; 
S.  Barron,  flag-officer  in  Confederate  States  Navv 
W.  S.  G.  Andrews,  commanding  Forts  Hattoms  and 
Clark;  W.  F.  Martin,  colonel  Seventh  Infantry, 
North  Carolina  Volunteers  (prisoners  at  tlie  cap- 
ture of  Ilattoros  Inlet);  Charles  P,  Gtono,  briga- 
dier-general in  command  of  tho  Federal  troops 
defeated  at  the  battle  of  Ball's  Bluff;  A.  D.  Whar- 
ton, United  States  Navy,  Tennessee ;  Robert  Tan- 
sall,  captain  United  States  Marino  Corps,  Virginia; 
Thomas  S.  Wilson,  lieutenant  United  States  Marino 
Corps,  Missouri ;  U.  B.  Claibom  and  Hillary  Genus, 
midshipmen  of  tho  United  States  Marine  Corps, 
New  Orleans;  and  the  crow  and  passengers  of  the 
schooner  Colonel  Long,  captured  by  tho  Jamestown 


UAKUISU   STA'lL   I'ltlSOKEHS   AT   FORT   LAFAi'IS". 


RETREAT    OF   THE    CONFEDERATE    GARRISOK.  COMMANDED    ET   GENERAL   DRAYTON,  ™m 


"IP  '#■ 


g  9 


RETREAT    OP   THE    CONFEDERATE    GARRISON.  COMMANDBD    BY   GENFRAL    P^ATTON.   F1?   SHIPPING  the   cotton  crop  captitri 


1 84 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CIVIL     WAR. 


THE    SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


1 85 


SliffiMSH.   SEAll  EEiOFOBT,  S.  C,  BETWEES   CIWFEDEI1ATE   CAVALRY   AM)   FEDERAL   PICKETS. 


GOVERNMENT    WUltli*     BEEOTED    ON     HILTON     HEAD    K 


BATTLE    OF    PEA    RIDGE,   MARCH  6th,   1868 FEDERAL    FORCES    UNDER    GENERALS    CTTRTTS,    SIGEt 

Fhoii  a  Sketch  ur  a  :'u>En 


-.  - 


weal  ,l%r 


(    *^ў?jg*iF$m*: 


GOVERNMENT    WORKS    EREUTED    US    HILTON    HEAD    JSL/JiD.  S  .  r.,   HV    THE    FEDERAL   FOHOES    CNDEU    T.  W.  SHERMAN. 


BATfLB    Oi"   PEA    EIDGE,   JUECU  em,  180*.- FEDERAL   FORCES    UNDER 


GENERALS    CURTIS.   SIOEL   AN1   4SBOTH;     CnXTEtPERATE    ARMY    COMMANDED    BY    GENERALS    VAN    DOHN,    WilliE    AMI     AlcOULLUCU 


1 88 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


i8y 


U0U.ISIOB    BETWEEN    THE   STEAM- TRANSPORTS    "STAR   OF  THE   SOUTH11 


VSD    THE    "PELHLESS,      Iff    THE   GREAT   BTORM    OP  NOVEMBER  3d,  1601. 


Iio  rear  from  Tatnall'a  steamers,  to  engage  Fort 
iVftlkor  in  front,  uftor  having  enfiladed  its  wutcr- 
lacos.  This  was  carried  out  to  tho  letter.  The 
Bring  began  a  little  before-  ten  o'clock,  and  con- 
'. i uued  incessantly,  until,  at  half -past  one,  signal 
was  given  that  both  forts  had  been  abandoned. 

The  liring  of  the  fleet  had  been  made  at  very 
'.  lo3o  quarters  since  noon,  and  evidences  of  its  tcrri- 
>lo  effect  were  manifest  when  tho  forts  were  after- 
ward taken  possession  of.  Numbers  of  dead  and 
dying  lay  amidst  dismounted  and  shattered  guns  in 
ill  directions,  tho  hospital  building  at  Fort  Walker 
being  shot  through  and  through  in  many  places. 

Goneral  Drayton's  force,  as  was  afterward  shown, 
i.ul  been  obliged  to  abandon  everything,  and  retreat 
I  lustily  across  an  open  space  that  lay  for  a  distance 
of  nearly  a  mile  between  the  fort  and  some  woods  ir. 
ilio  direction  of  Bluffton,  whilst  the  men  at  Fort 
Beauregard  hud  retreated  to  St,  Helena,  Cat  and 
Porl  Royal  Islands. 

The  transfer  on  shore  of  all  tho  troops,  who  had 
unwillingly  remained  merely  spectators  of  the 
ngugoment,  was  completed  the  samo  evening. 

1'ho  loss  of  tho  fleet  was  eight  killed  nud  tweuty- 
Ihreo  wounded.  None  of  the  vessels  wore  per- 
manently damaged,  though  the  Pawnee  received 
nine  shots,  the  Bienville  five,  and   tho  Wtthath  was 


struck  us  many  as  thirty-four  times,  and  made  to 
leak  badly. 

The  reoecupation  of  South  Carolina  soil  was 
cause  for  great  rejoicing  throughout  the  North,  and 
celebrations  woro  rendered  the  more-  ox  tensive 
when,  by  a  general  order  thanking  the  commanders 
of  the  expedition,  tho  Secretaries  of  the  Navy  and 
Army  directed  that  a  salute  bo  fired  from  each 
navy  yard  in  honor  of  the  event. 

General  Sherman  set  about  fortifying  Hilton 
Head  and  Bay  Point,  Fort  Walker  being  called 
Fort  Welles,  and  Fort  Beauregard  named  Fort 
Seward,  while  Commodore  Dupont  organized  armed 
expeditions  throughout  the  islands,  which  proved 
everywhere  successful. 

On  tho  9th  of  November,  tho  City  of  Beaufort 
was  captured,  and  its  arsenal  snlwrjuently  destroyed 
by  the  crew  of  the  Seneca,  and  on  tho  25th  of  tho 
same  month  Big  Tybeo  Island,  at  the  entrance  to 
the  Savannah  River,  was  also  taken  possession  of, 
and  held  in  aid  of  the  blockading  squadron.  All 
(his  was  done  without  meeting  any  resistance  what- 
ever, the  only  stand  made,  in  fact,  by  the  Confede- 
rates being  at  Port  Royal  Ferry,  when,  aa  late  as 
the  31st  of  December,  1801,  an  expedition  waa  dis- 
patched to  destroy  their  earth  works  at  that  place. 

It  was  understood  that  they  had  some  3,UU0  men 


there  under  Generals  Gregg  and  Pope.  Com- 
mander 0.  R.  P.  Rogers  took  with  him  the  Slim, 
Ottawa,  Pembina,  Seneca,  one  ferryboat,  and  foui 
of  the  large  boats  belonging  to  the  Wabash,  each 
carrying  a  twelve-pounder,  and  was  joined  by  Gen- 
eral Stevens,  with  the  Forty-seventh,  Forty-eighth 
and  Seventy-ninth  New  York,  tho  Eighth  Michigan, 
and  tho  Fifteenth  and  One  Hundredth  Pennsyl- 
vania Regiments. 

While  some  of  the  vessels  ascended  Broad  River 
and  entered  Whale  Creek,  the  land  force  was  car- 
ried on  tho  other  sido  through  the  Ooosaw  River, 
meeting  near  tho  Ferry,  where,  early  tho  ne\t  morn, 
ing,  they  attacked  the  enemy,  doing  quick  work. 

The  Eighth  Michigan  Regiment  was  deployed  as 
skirmishers,  and  soon  came  upon  a  masked  battery, 
which,  after  a  very  bitter  contest,  was  silenced  with 
tho  aid  of  the  Seventy-ninth  New  York  and  of  the 
gunboats.  These  kept  pouring  a  hot  fire  into  tho 
woods,  which  soon  caused  tho  Confederates  to  full 
back,  while  another  determined  attack  on  the  part 
of  the  Fiftieth  Pennsylvania  Regiment,  and  the 
howitzers  in  the  Wabash  boats,  completed  the  task. 

The  abandoned  works  woro  at  once  taken  pos- 
session of  by  the  Federals,  who  returned  to  Beau 
fort,  after  having  burned  and  demolished  every 
thng  of  any  importance  in  the  vicinity. 


GRAVES  OK  THE  OFFICERS   AM     SEN  OP  THK  FKDKBAL  JOttUUS  I 


AT  PORT  HOTAL. 


too 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CIVIL     WAR. 


THE    SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CIVIL      WAR. 


191 


RECONNOITERTN<:    DETACHMENTS    OP  BANKS  S    DIVISION    -  HYATTSTOWN,  JID.,   IN    THE   DISTANCE. 


GENERAL  BANKS   IN  MARYLAND  AND 
THE  SHENANDOAH  VALLEY. 

On  tbo  87th  of  July,  1861,  Gonor.il  N.  P.  Banks 
was  succeeded  by  General  John  A.  Dix  in  tho  com- 
mand of  tho  Department  of  Pennsylvania,  with 
headquarters  at  Baltimore,  and  was  appointed  to  tlio 
command  of  the  Department  of  the  .Shenandoah, 
relieving  General  Robert  Patterson,  who  had  just 
been  honorably  discharged  from  tho  service. 

General   Banks  set  about  organizing  tho  forces 


under  his  command,  and  at  the  time  of  the  battle 
of  Ball's  Bluff  had  them  well  stationed  on  the  lino 
of  the  Maryland  wide  of  the  Potomac  Elver,  extend- 
ing between  Durncstown  and  Williarusport.  Hero 
they  remained,  successfully  doing  their  share  in 
guarding  tho  Capital  and  Stato  against  all  possible 
incursions  from  tho  neighboring  Confederates. 

Ono  of  the  positions  held  by  some  of  the  forces 
under  General  Banks  lay  at  Hyattstnwn,  n  beautiful 
littlo  village  sitnated  iu  Montgomery  County,  Md., 
about  thirty-five  miles  west  of  Washington.     Hero 


took  place  tho  great  review  of  Genoral  Thomas's 
largo  lorce  by  tho  commanding  general  ami  his  full 
staff,  utid  from  this  locality  date  many  notable 
rceonnoissaneea.  especially  by  the  cavalry  detach- 
ments, which  proved  of  great  valuo  iu  tho  subse- 
quent advaneo  upon  Harper's  Furrv. 

Tho  latter  was  effected  under  great  difficulties 
and  hardships,  but  fortunately  without  the  loss  of 
life  that  might  well  have  occurred  had  not  the 
roads  and  tho  positions  of  the  opposing  forces  been 
fitudiousty  looked  into,  especially  while  encamped 


"-"* 


airitOlll'Tl)    K1KLD-OVENH   OP  THE   NINETEENTH    NEW  YORK    VOLUNTEEI19,  BA-SKd' 


IQ2 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


1 
.ill  Jl 


1  .    'I        i|V||l.| llll 


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:"'!l.i!    I,!. 


'll'.lyi 
111.3!    'foiiil I1! 


,1 


Bt( 


'&''■ 


THE    SOLDIER    fiV    OUR     CIl'IL     WAR. 


'93 


BTVOtUC   OF  1MB   FIELD    AND    STAFF   OFFICERS   OF 


it  Ilyattstown.    Added   to   the   unusually  heavy  able  to  pull  the  wagons  altor  experiencing  a  number  in  tho  opon  wherever  chance  led  thorn,  the  uflicera 

.■Odds  was  the  severity  of  tho  weather,  to  encounter  of  falls.     Tho  men  of  tho  Twolffch    Massachusetts  rejoicing,  after  the  heavy  march,  in  tho  unusual 

which  tho  troops  were  not  suitably  prepared.    Their  Infantry  Regiment,  among  others,  wore  for   that  and   comparatively  fine,   though   not  very  roomy, 

march  through  the  thick  woods  was  made  under  a  reason  compelled  to  haul  their  own  baggage-train  quarters    afforded    by  a    fow    haystacks.     In    the 

shilling  rainstorm,  which  mude  the  narrow  roads  so  through  much  o!  the  way.  and.  greatly  overcome  in  excitement  of  tho   moment,  ovon   tho   necessarily 

dippory  that  horses  were,  if    many  instances:,  nn-  consequence,  were  glad  enough  to  rest  for  tho  night  limited  rations  were  forgotten ;  content  were  they  to 


GEKEKAL    NdTUiNIEL   P.    BANKS    AND    STAFF 


\\jrў    'trit!_jg_ggu,  ho  took  possession  more  particularly  of  Charles- 
ton, Lcesburg  and  Winchester,  his  command  being 
)t tacked   at   the  last-Lamed  place  on  the  &Jd  of 


March,  1803,  na  will  be  seen  hereafter,  by  tho  forces 
nndcr  General  "  Stonewall "  Jackson,  which  were 
repulsed,  after  a  heavy  loss. 

BATTLE  OF  DRANESVILL& 

After  the  battle  of  Ball's  Bluff,  tho  town   of 

Dranesville.  from  which  Getier.il  McCall  had  been 

ordered    to    retire,    was    occupied   by    Confederate 


troops,  who  sorely  troubled  tho  Federals  and  the 
loyal  inhabitants  throughout  tliat  sectiou  of  the 
country  by  their  frequent  incursions  on  both  the 
Maryland  and  Virginia  borders.  They  had  grown 
so  bold  in  their  demonstrations,  and,  by  the  middle 
of  December,  had  pushed  their  picket  lines  bo  close 

^icEuiEi   issi    t0  ttoB0  of  th0  Fodenl,s<  ihnt  McCalI 

obtained  Genera!  MoClellau's  leavo  tD 

attack  them,  'ind  narrow  their  iield  of  operations. 


SHELLING   THE    CONFEDERATE    CAVALRY    FROit   THE    B EIGHTS   OF  GREAT    FALLS. 


iK.1^wa  js 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


'99 


A  Btumole  opportunity  for  striking 
the  intended  blow  did  not,  however, 
present  itself  nttil  the  20th  of  thut 
month,  when  Br.gadicr-general  E.  0. 
C.  Ord  was  ordered  to  march  on 
lirnncsville,  while  tho  brigades  of 
Generals  J.  F.  Reynolds  and  George 
G.  Meade  were  to  support  him  at 
Difficult  Creek. 

General  Orel's  brigade,  which,  as 
it  happened,  was  the  only  ono  en- 
gaged, consisted  of  the  Sixth,  Ninth, 
Tenth  and  Twelfth  Pennsylvania 
Infantry,  besides  the  Buck  tail  Rifles, 
live  companies  of  tho  First  Pennsyl- 
vania Cavalry,  ami  Captain  H.  Eus- 
Imi's  battery  of  four  guns. 

ft  liad  advanced  to  within  two 
miles  of  Dranosvillo,  with  Lieutenant- 
colonel  T.  L.  Kane's  Buclctnil  Hill.-.-., 
Colonel  Bayard's  cavalry  and  the 
artillery    in    the    lend,   whon    it    was 

■  ickcd  t" v  the  Confederate  force 
undor  Geiionil  J.  E.  B.  Stuart. 

Tlio  tatter's  force  cmbrarcd  the 
1-i.vst  Kentucky,  Sixth  South  Cam- 
In^.  Tenth  Atahama  and  Eleventh 
Virginia  Infantry,  under  Colonels 
r.ivlnr,  Seerest,  Forney  and  Garland, 
libidos  Captain  Cutts's  four  pieces 
ef     artillery,    and     Major     Gordon's 

D     of     North     Carolina    Cavalry.  SOLD] 

Tliia    forco    had     thut    morning    set 
",it  from  Draucsvillo  with  two  hundred  wagons  on 
.1  foraging  expedition. 

Tho  Eleventh  Virginia  and  the  Sixth  South  Caro- 
lina came  suddenly  upon  tlic  head  of  the  line,  and 
fur  a  moment  forced  it  back  ;  but  tho  Sixth  and 
Ninth  Pennsylvania  coming  up  to  its  support,  and 
i  '.iptuin  Euston's  battery  being  placed  upon  a  slight 
i  mi  nonce  that  commanded  Captain  Cutts's  artil- 
■nry,  the  lost  ground  was  fully  made  up,  and  the 
''uufederatos  in  turn  gave  way. 

General  McCall,  who,  with  his  staff,  now  readied 
ilio  scone  of  action,  found  the  enemy  about  making 
an  effort  to  turn  the  Federal  left,  and  immediately 
notified  Colonel  McCulmont  of  the  danger  threaten- 
ing his  men. 

When  the  Confederate  infantry  and  cavalry  de- 
bouched from  the  woods,  they  were  met  by  a  com- 


bined fire  from  the  Fedora!  infantry  ami  artillery, 
which  compelled  them  to  retire  to  their  former 
position.  They  were  at  the  same  timo  repulsed 
by  the  right  and  centre,  and  under  an  enfilading 
fire  directed  by  General  Ord  upon  their  rignt  and 
rear,  the  entire  Confederate  hue  soon  broko  in  dis- 
order, and  dually  disappeared  in  a  complete  rout. 

Upon  reaching  the  position  which  had  been  occu- 
pied by  the  Confederate  artillery,  evidences  wero 
patent  of  the  effective  work  done  by  Captain 
Boston's  twelve  and  twenty-four  pounders.  The 
road  was  strewed  with  the  dead  and  wounded  men. 
as  woll  as  horses,  many  broken  wagons,  and  the 
remains  of  one  of  the  caissons  that  had  beeu  ex- 
ploded by  a  shell. 

The  Confederates  lost  43  killed  and  143  wounded, 
besides  some  prisoners,  tho  arms,  ammunition  and 


clothing  abandoned  in  tho  flight,  anil  full  16  wagon- 
loads  of  hay  and  22  loads  of  corn,  which  General 
McCall  oollcctcd  and  took  away. 

A  small  part  of  the  Confederate  loss  was  duo  to 
the  error  committed  by  their  First  Kentucky  Regi. 
merit  firing  upon  the  advancing  Sixth  South  Caro- 
lina Regiment,  supposing  the  latter  to  be  Federals. 
Colonel  Thomas  Taylor,  of  the  First  Kentucky, 
soon  afterward  came  upon  another  regiment,  with- 
out marked  distinguishing  ngns,  and  to  guard 
against  the  possibility  of  another   mistake,  called 


out : 


'Who 


IMOIDBNT   IN   TUG 


"The  colonel  of  the  Ninth,"  was  the  reply. 

"Of  what  Ninth?" 

'■The  Ninth  Pennsylvania," answered  its  colonol, 
S.  F.  Jackson,  at  the  same  time  ordering  a  fire  that 
did  terriblo  execution. 

Near  the  exploded  caisson  lay  a  wounded  Con- 
federate, who,  while  being  carried  to  a  neighboring 
house  by  Colonel  J.  II.  Taggart's  orders,  exclaimed  : 
"Wo  whipped  you  at  Manassas,  but  you  have  tho 
best  of  us  to-day." 

Although  severely  wounded,  he  appeared  in  good 
spirits,  and  attracted  much  sympathy;  but  not- 
withstanding tho  care  given  him  by  thoso  surround- 
ing him,  he  passed  away,  after  being  placer!  on  a 
mattress,  and  asking  for  one  more  cup  of  water  to 
allay  the  great  thirst  that  seemed  to  bo  devouring 
him. 

Tin:  Federals  lost  7  killed  and  GO  wounded. 
Tin!  panned  the  enemy  for  nearly  a  mile,  hut  unu- 
\ailingh.  and  came  back  to  tho  scene  of  conflict, 
whence  General  McCall  ordered  them  to  proceed  on 
their  return  march  the  fame  evening.  To  have 
tried  to  maintain  the  position  gained  would  have 
been  useless,  since  but  little  ammunition  remained, 
ami  the  Confederates  could,  hividos.  at  any  moment, 
throw  from  Centrevillo  immense  bodies  of  troop* 
between  Drauesville  and  MeCall's  camp. 


THE  CAPTURE  OF  ROANOKE  ISLAND. 
Elizabeth  City,  Edkntos,  Wintok,  Plymouth. 

The  naval  expeditions  which  had  been  dispatched 
from  Hampton  Roads  had  proved  so  successful 
that  the  Government  decided  upon  organizing 
another  one,  in  order  to  secure  Roanoke  Island, 
which  was  the  key  to  two  sounds  protecting  a  large 
portion  of  North  Carolina,  as  well  as  an  important 
section  of  Virginia. 

General  Ambrose  E.Burnsido  ms  appointed  Com- 
mander-in-chief of  the  entire  expedition.  The 
naval  portion  embraced  twenty  light-draught  ves- 
sels, carrying  about  fifty  guns,  viz.:  the  Slam  and 
Stripes,  Louuiann,  Hetiel,  Underwriter,  Delaware 
and  Volleij  City,  under  Lieutenants  Commanding 
"Wonien,  Murray,  Davenport,  Leffers,  Quacken- 
bush  and  Chaplin;  tlio  South-field  and  Hunchback. 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL    WAR. 


t'l^i^f'TOi 


THE    SOLDIER     IX    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


201 


miller  Acting  Vorrjnme?  T  lentenanta  Commanding 
Benin  and  Calhoun ;  ami  (tie  Hone,  WhUthtad, 
Seymour,  Skawshem,  Lockwood,  Ceres.  Genera! 
Putnam.  Drinker,  Granite,  C'.intnodore  Perry, 
Qommodort  Barney  and  Whitehall,  unJcr  Acting 
Hasten  Hayes,  French,  Well^  Woodward,  Graves, 
SfcDiannid,  Holehkiss,  Giddings,  Boomer,  Flusser, 
Renshaw.  and  West.  Tliia  part  of  the  expedition 
tia&  nloced  in  charge  of  Flag-officer  Louis  SI. 
Goldaborough,  then  the  commander  of  the  North 
Allimtin  sn:mdron. 

Tho   military   division    comprised   about    10,000 
men,   carried    by   about    40    transport*,    and    was 


led  into  three  1 
irGonoml  John 


Tho   First  Brigade, 
cd  tho  Tenth 


-"-t  i-- 


,,l    I 


Twenty-nrth  and  Twonl  ,-iMli  Mmmchnwtti  Regi- 
ments. The  Second  Brigade,  under  Qem  raJ.  Ji  isic 
[..  Reno,  included  the  Sixth  Now  II. imp-hire, 
Ninth  New  Jersey,  Twenty-first  Mu- 1.  Im-its. 
Fifty-first  New  York  and  Fifty-Bret  Pennsylvania 
Regiments.  Tho  Third  Brigade,  under  General  John 
(!.  Parka,  included  the  Fourth  and  a  battalion  of 
tho  Fifth  Rhode  Island,  the  Eighth  and  Eleventh 
Connecticut,  and  tho  Fifty-third  and  Eighty-ninth 
Now  York  Regiments  of  Infantry,  besides  Bel? Jar's 
Ithode  Island  Battery  of  C  gnus,  which  was  served 
by  100  men  and  120  horses. 

Tho  following  gunboats  also  formed  part  of  tho 
military  division,  \h.:  Tho  Picket,  Burnside'a  flag- 
ship, Pioneer,  Hussar,  Chasseur,  Ranger,  Lancer 
ami  Videlti,  commanded  by  Captains  and  Acting 
Captains  Ives,  linker,  Crocker,  West,  Childs  and 
Morloy. 

This  force  ol  gunboats  was  divided  into  two 
columns,  and  placed  in  charge  of  Commanders 
Samuel  F.  Hazard  and  Stephen  C.  Rowan. 

The  active  expedition  left  Hampton  Roads  on  tho 
evening  of  Sunday,  tho  11th  of  January,  1802, 
many  of  the  vessels  reaching  Hattoras  Inlet  tho 
following  day,  although  having  been  detained  on 
the  way  by  qui  to  a  heavy  fog.  Such  as  had  not, 
however,  readied  tho  Inlet  on  Monday  evening 
woro  smitten  by  ono  of  tho  severest  northwestern 


galea  known  in  that  locality,     Tho  tei 
violent    that    it  was  impossible  for  o 


iny  of  the  v 
•s,  by  rcaso 
>  Or  other \vi 


r  tho  two  follow 


white 


of     tllO 


Ml.. 


oshoro.  Among  tlio  latter  was  the 
of  New  York,  Captain  Nye,  which 
in  sight  of  many  others  that  coul 
assistance.     Only  a  portion  of  her 


o  of  their 
:,  and  went 
sport  City 
i  to  pieces 
ider  it  no 
was  saved. 


-i- .■*■'■:.'  .  iuing  the  whole  of  the  -itfc  of  January 
nearly  all  had  been  lashed  to  the  rigging,  in  ordei 
to  prevent  their  being  swept  overboard.  The 
steamers  Louisiana,  Zouace  and  Porohontae,  as 
well  us  tho  floating  battery  Grapeshot,  which  was  in 
tow  of  tho  Xeio  Brunswick,  were  bIso  wrecked, 
though  all  on  board  were  saved.  A  collision  also 
occurred  during  tho  storm  between  the  Cof^ack  and 
the  Hope,  without,  however,  causing  any  permanent 
damage  or  any  loss  of  lifo.  The  only  losses  ware 
those  already  mentioned  and  that  of  Colonel  J.  W. 
Allen  and  Surgeon  Weller,  belonging  to  the  Niinh 
New  Jersey  Regiment,  who,  in  company  with  Sec- 
ond Officer  Taylor,  of  tho  transport.! mi  E.  Thump 
son,  tried  to  render  assistance  to  those  on  shoro, 
and  who  were  all  three  drowned  by  the  swamping 
of  their  boat. 

During  the  continnanco  of  the  terrible  storm  all 
the  officers  exhibited  the  greatest  heroism,  General 
Burnsido  notably  distinguishing  himself  by  his  con- 
tinued efforts  to  assist  in  all  directions.  His  littla 
flagship  Picket  was  seen  running  to  and  fro  where 
danger  seemed  the  greatest,  the  goneral  often  giving 
orders  while  standing  on  the  rail  and  holding  on  to 
tho  ropes. 

It  was  not  until  January  28th  that  all  tho  sur- 
viving vessels  had  passed  through  Hattoras  Inlet, 
and  it  afterward  took  several  days  to  complete 
preparations  for  tho  intended  attack   on  Roanoke 

The  lattor  place  was  then  under  the  command  of 
Colonol  Shaw,  of  tho  Eighth  North  Carolina  Regi- 
ment, as  General  Henry  A.  Wise  happened  to  bo 
lying  ill  at  Nag's  Head,  and  his  forces  consisted  of 
tho  Eighth  and  Thirty-first,  as  well  as  of  three  com- 
panies of  tho  Seventeenth,  North  Carolina  Regi- 
ments, under  Colonels  H.M.Shaw,  J.N.  Jordan, 
Major  G.  H.  Hill,  besides  450  men  nnder  Colonol 
Anderson.  Tho  fortifications  on  the  island  and  in 
its  immediate  vicinity  contained  over  forty  guns. 

Obstructions  of  piles  and  sunken  vessels  had  been 
placed  in  Croatan  Sound,  and  behind  these  lay  a 
flotilla  of  eight  vessels  with  eleven  (runs  andei 
Lieutenant  W.  F.  Lynch. 


GUARDHOUSE  AT  LANGLET,  YA.,  WITH   CONFEDERATE   PRISONERS,   AFTER  THE   BATTLE  OF  DRANESVILLE. 


BATTLE  OF  ROANOKE  ISLAND.  FEBRUARY  8m,  1882- DECISIVE  BAYONET  CHARGI 


r^fvW'- 


BATTLE  OF  ROANOKE  ISLAND.  F£REUARY  Sm,  186a- DECISIVE   BAYONET  CHAROE 


E   NINTH   NEW   YORK   VOLUNTEERS   ON  THE  CONFEDERATE  THREEGUN   BATTEHY. 


THE    SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


DEATH   OF  COLON'F.r, 


.  W.  AI.T.EX,  60H0EON   SELLER,  AND   THE   SECOND    MATE   OF  THE  ' 
WEAIt   UATTEKA9   INLET    JANUARY  l.r,Tir,  jSUI 


E.  THOMPSON, 


1   CHITED  STATE    FLEET   AH9   TBA>"SPORTS   OFF  HATTER  \F<   PTJTilVG    A   STORM - GENERA!,   BCRSSIDE   OITIMG   OBDEES. 


TH£    SOLDIER    IjV    OUR    CIVIL.     WAR. 


205 


dn    tho    4th    of    February,   tDn    mile    steamer 

Pattixenl  was  sent  to  all  the  vessels  of 

•mi™        .    tjie  jjce^  ^.^  or,]era  to  adva-^  atHj 

un  flic  TolloK-ing  morning  they  proceeded,  with  gun- 
1..UU  in  the  lead,  onder  Commander  Rowan.  Re- 
ironnnissanccs  were  made  on  the  Cth,  and  at  ten 
o'clock  of  the  7th,  Flag-officer  Ooldsborough,  having 
hoisted  on  the  Soulhfield  or  the  Philadelphia  the 
signal,  "This  day  our  country  expects  every  man  in 
■J,;,  hi-*  duly,"  ordered  tho  gunboats  ahead  in  three 
tolumns.  These  were  led  respectively  by  the  Slurs 
md  Strives,  the  Louwuna  and  the  Hetiel,  all  of 


The  transports  had  meanwhile  come  up  to  Ash- 
by's  Harbor,  and  effected  a  landing,  after  the  gun- 
boats had  dispersed  a  body  of  2,000  Confederates, 
who  had  been  stationed  there  in  anticipation  of 
their  arrival. 

By  midnight  nearly  eleven  thousand  troops  had 
reached  shore,  most  of  them  after  wading  several 
hundred  feet  through  mud  fully  knee-deep,  and  in 
the  midst  of  a  cold  rainstorm,  but  very  few  of  the 
email-bouts  could  proceed  fur  enough  through  tho 
shallow  water. 

At  seven  o'clock  the  nest  morning  tho  troops 


food,  and  early  on  the  9th  resumed  their  march, 
which  soon  brought  them  face  to  fan.  with  the 
Confederate  skirmishers,  whom  they  drove  into 
their  earthworks. 

Foster  opened  fire  npon  these  with  six  how- 
itzers, under  Midshipman  B.  F.  Porter,  and  with 
the  Twenty-third  and  Twenty-fifth  Massachusetts 
Regiments,  on  which  tho  excellent  filing  of  tho 
Confederate  sharpshooters  was  telling  heavily  until 
dispersed  by  tho  Twenty- fourth  Massachusetts,  who 
succeeded  in  dislodging  them  from  tho  woods  where 
they  had  lain  hidden.     Thu  Tenth  Connecticut  end 


MAP   UP  ROAH> 


LAND,   N.  C,  AND    THE    CONr'EUEElATE    FOltTS. 


whom,  0110  hour  inter,  were  engaged  in  tho  hom- 
brdmont  of  Fort  Bartow,  situated  oil  Pork  Point, 
and  mounting  nine  guns. 

The  fire  was  soon  directed  on  all  tho  batteries,  aa 
well  as  on  Lyueh's  flotilla,  which  had  como  forward 
and  joined  in  tho  fray,  diverting  much  of  tho  fleet's 
attention.  The  littlo  Confederate  fleet  was,  before 
long,  compelled  to  retire,  with  its  largest  steamer, 
tlio  Curlew,  so  badlv  disabled  as  to  compel  its  being 
■leached  under  cover  of  Fort  Forrest,  situated  on 
Hi1*  main  land.  The  whole  attention  of  tho  fleet 
■1  as  then  cennvd  on  Fort  liariow,  and  at  about  one 
o'clock  its  flagstaff  had  been  shot  away,  its  barracks 
were  in  flame*,  and  two  hours  later  it  bad  entirely 
erased  firing. 


advanced  in  three  columns,  under  Generals  Foster, 
Reno  and  Parke,  toward  the  entrenchments  located 
in  tho  interior  of  the  island,  where  nearly  all  tho 
Confederates  had  repaired  from  the  redoubts. 
There,  also.  Genera!  Wise - who,  notwithstanding 
his  illness,  directed  ul]  the  Confederate  movements - 
had  stiit  ten  companies  of  the  Wise  Legion,  under 
command  of  ht3  con,  Captain  0.  Jennings  Wise, 
and  of  ".Jcii tenant-colonel  Frank  Anderson. 

Tho  advance  was  a  dangerous  as  well  us  a  ditli- 
cnlt  one,  by  reason  of  an  intervening  swan 
extended  almost  across  the  island,  and  w 
covered  by  water  or  brushwood  nearly  its  t 
tauco.  At  night  the  troops  remained  un 
in  a.  heavy  rainstorm,  without  shelter  oi 


i,  which 
1  cither 


T won ty -sixth  ilsemohuBetta  were  also  ordeted  ;p, 
and  stood  ineir  ground  well  under  (he  well-directed 
firo  from  (he  earthworks,  while  Reno's  and  Parke'i 
brigades  were  coining  up  to  turn  the  Confederal* 
left  flank. 

Reno's  foice  plowed  ahead  on  Foster's  right,  and 
was  soon  confronted  by  tho  Wise  Legion,  with 
whom  it  had  a  fierce  encounter,  but  which  it  finally 
drove  back,  with  heavy  losses  on  both  sides,  includ- 
ing the  wounding  of  young  Wise.  The  fire  had,  in 
tho  meantime,  continued  actively  at  tho  right,  the 
artillery  doing  a  great  deal  of  havoo  in  all  direc- 
tions. Finally  the  ammunition  began  to  givt  out. 
Nothing  was  left  but  to  charge  tho  earthworku  am? 
thii  was  speedily  decided  upon. 


20& 


THE    SOLDIER     IN     OUR     CIVIL     WAR 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL      IV  A R 


.?o; 


Major  E.  A.  Kimball,  jf  Hawkina'8  Ninth  New 
r"ork  Zouaves,  offered  to  lead  tho  bayonet-charge, 
snd  while  Reno's  brigade  was  advancing  toward  tho 
Confederate  left,  and  Parko  stood  on  its  right,  the 
Zouaves  rushed  forward,  crying:  "  Zou,  zou,zou, 
^/(/"accompanied  by  Colonel  Hawking,  and  fol- 
lowed by  tho  Tenth  Connecticut.  The  earthworks 
vcro  soon  enfiladed  from  both  sides  in  such  a  way 
ILj  to  necessitate  tlio  flight  of  its  occupants.  Tho 
Federals  climbed  over  the  parapsta  of  tho  three-gun 
battery  to  find  that  tho  guns  hud  oven  been  left  nn- 
Bpikod:  and  that  all  tho  enemy's  dead  and  wounded 
had  been  hurriedly  abandoned  in  a  retreat  toward 
Nag's  Head,  on  tho  other  side  of  Roanoke-  Sound. 
Tho  Twenty-Brut  MassachuHotts  and  tho  Fifty-first 
Neff  York,  who  had  come  up  on  the  Confederate 
right,  were  the  first  to  plant  their  Hags  on  the  bat- 
tery, and  they  afterward  followed  tne  fast-retreat- 
ing troops  to  tho  river,  where  about  200  Confede- 
rates, including  Captain  Tise,  who  proved  to  have 
boon  fatally  wounded,  wero  taken  prisoners.  At 
Die  samo  time  Reno  had  received  tho  surrender  of 
Colonel  Jordan's  force,  and  Foster,  while  pushing 
on  toward  tho  northern  portion  of  tho  island,  had 
been  met  by  a  ilug-nf-tnieo  asking  what  terms  of 
,  ijjitnlalinn  would  bo  granted.  Foster  demanded 
the  unconditional  surrender  of  Shuw's  troops, 
ivliioh  was  acceded  to,  and  about  2,00U  moro  prifl. 
jiiei!!  laid  down  their  wins. 


Attention  was  now  given  to  Fort  Bartow,  which, 
with  a  small  force,  had  resumed  a  desultory  tiro 
with  the  gunboats.  It  was  soon  occupied.  er-J 
from  it  the  signal,  •'  Tho  fort  is  ours  1"  given  to  the 
r>et. 

Tho  Federal  loss  was  reported  ot  235  killed  and 
wounded,  that  cf  tho  Confederates  being  n.neh 
greater.  The  latter  lost  nearly  3,01)0  in  prisoners. 
besides  over  3,000  stand  of  arms  and  42  heavy 
guns. 

Colonel  Charles  3.  Russell,  of  tho  Tenth  Con- 
necticut, and  Lioiitouant-colonel  Vigier  do  Jlon- 
tcnil.  of  tho  Ninth  Nov;  York,  were  among  tho 
killed  on  tho  Federal  side.  Tho  Federal  licet  lost 
G  killed  and  19  wounded. 

Tho  Confederate  lleet  had  gone  unite  n  distance 
up  Albemarle  Sound  to  Elizabeth  City,  after  sottinp 
lire  to  tho  Curlew  and  to  tho  bnrrnoks  at  Itedstom 
Point.  Commander  Rowan  was  ordered  tc  purauf 
it.  and  at  tho  samo  time  to  destroy  pari  of  tho 
Albemarle  and  Chcsapciiko  Canal. 

Early  on  tho  10th.  Rowan  startid  ahead  with 
Fnmi'.n  im  'our'ccu  vessels,  nnd  in  the  river  nur 
Elizabeth  City  ho  met  Lynch  "a  eight 
vessels,  close  by  a  battery  of  four  gr.ns,  that-  had 
been  erected  on  shore.  Tho  engagement  lusted  bni 
forty-five  minutes.  Deeming  tho  ease  hopeless, 
Lynch  signaled  to  abandon  tho  vessels,  and  tliej 
were  accordingly  run  ashore  and  set  £ro  to.    Oul" 


SWORD  PUESEHTED   TO  GENfclllAL   BUa&tUBB  Bi    TBB  ffTATE  OF  IlIIODfc  ISM  HP. 


20& 


THE     SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CJ  TIL     WAR 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CIVIL    WAR. 


20g 


one,  tho  Ellin,  escaped  total  destruction,  and  was 
afterward  added  to  the  Federal  fleet,  who-e  loss 
in  tlie  encounter  was  two  killed  and  six  wounded. 

An  instance  of  e.itraordinary  bravery  was  re- 
ported in  connection  with  the  liiat  named  engage- 
ment. A  Confederate  shell  had  entered  close  by 
the  magazine  of  the  Valley  Oily,  and  hud  eet  fire 
to  some  of  the  woodwork.  One  of  the  gnnncrs, 
indued  John  Davis,  seated  himself  upon,  and  other- 
wise protected,  an  open  barrel  of  gunpowder,  from 
irhich  he  had  been  serving  his  gnn,  until  the  lire 
Jiinl  been  extinguished,  nnd  tints  prevented  the 
frightful  loss  which  would  have  resulted  from  an 
exiilosion.  For  this  the  Secretary  of  the  Nnvy 
e"  11  :ifter  made  him  acting  gunner,  and  raised 
liia  Hilary  from  MOO  to  fcl.ouu  a  year,  and  Congress 
ordered  the  presentation  to  him  of  a  medal  of 
hew  or,  bearing  the  words  r  "  PERSONAL  Valor- 
JoiiS  DAVIS,  Gusxeb's  .Mate,  U.  S.  S.  Valley  City, 
Album  irlo  Sound,  February  10th,  18U2." 

The  Confederates,  in  their  flight,  set  fire  to 
Elizabeth  City;  but  tho  flames  wore  extinguished 
by  ihc  troops,  assisted  by  the  colored  people  who 
would  not  desert  their  old  lionies. 

Tho  following  day  Rowan  sent  out  Lieutenant 
A.  Maury  to  tako  possession  of  Edeutou,  which  he 
did,  without  opposition.  Ho  destroyed  a  schooner 
..ii  the  stocks  and  eight  cannons,  and  captured 
two  H-liiHuiciH,  with  4,000  bushels  of  corn, 

On  1 1 1 < <  lBth  of  Febriinry  some  of  iho  vessels 
wero  ordered   to  proceed   under  Lieulunant  .letters 


GENERAL    BURN; 


;    UN    TUd    ROA 


Rowan,     which    emliniccd     tho     seven     gunboats, 
Delaware,    flagship.    Stars    ami    Nlripes,     Uetzel, 
Pecalur,  Ohio.  Perry,  and  St.  Lawnnce. 
They  arrived  off  Slocum's  Creek  in  the 


LIEUTENANT   TILLOTTSOH'd    NAVAL    [LATTERY 
AT    THE    BATTLE 
tn  the  Albemarle  and   Chesapeake  Canal,  in   order     d 
i"    Plymouth,  on 
Albemarle  Sound,  on  approaching  which  the  vessels 
were  Hied  upon  from  the  river  bunks.  Commander 
Itowan  ordered  the  town  to  lie  shelled,  and  it  was 
ioou  destroyed. 

BATTLE  OF  NEW  BERNE,  N.  C 

OCCFPATIOK     OF    WaSUISOTON,    MOREHF.AD   ClTY, 

and  Beaufort,  N.  C. 

On  the  13th  of  March,  an  ex  edition  consisting 
ii.'.™  "f  nearly    the  full    brigades  of   Gen- 

erals Foster,  Parke  and  Reno,  num- 
bering altogether  about  ti.OOO  men,  besides  a  de- 
tachment of  the  Union  Const  Guard,  three 
com  (tames  of  marines,  and  McCook's  battery,  took 
passage  at  Hatteras  Inlet,  with  General  Bnrnside 
and  stiff,  in  the  steamers  Alice  Price,  Mew  Brma- 
""*,  Ptduseni  aud  Pilot  Boy.  These  wero  pre- 
ceded    by    the    naval    force     under     Commander 


CENTRAL    DIVISION. 
OF    NEW    BEKNE,    N.    C. 

iembarked   the  follow  in"  dav,  i 

•A  upon  New  Bornr. 
General    Bi'-oich   was   in    chargi 
rate  foicesat  the  latter  |>h 


UNDER    LIEUTENANT    McCOOK 


ndvi 


DJI    NE*V    BERNE    TU    BEAUFORT,    N.    C. 

regiments  of  infantry,  SOU  cavalry,  nnd  IS  pieces 
of  artillery,  nearly  all  distributed  in  live  fortifica- 
tions along  tho  rivor. 

The  fight  lasted  all  day  with  varying  successos, 
until  the  Federals  carried  the  earth- 
works by  assault,  and  forced  the  Con- 
federates to  flight.  The  gunboats  aftor- 
ward  cleared  the  obstructions  and  came 
up  to  New  Berne,  which  was  taken  pos- 
==g£  session  of,  as  well  as  tho  forts. 

The  Federal  loss  was  5:"j?  ;  tho  Con- 
federates losing  6T8  in  killed,  wounded 
3*  .>?"'-  and    prisoners,    besides    '.'    steamboats, 

b'Z  guns,  am  munition,  etc.,  etc. 

On  the  -0th  of  March,  Colonel 
Stevenson  took  a  force,  under  convoy 
of  three  gu about s,  to  operate  against 
Washington,  on  th"  Pamlico  Rivor, 
where  they  lauded  without  opposition. 
On  Sunday  the  23d,  another  ex- 
pedition, consisting  of  gunboats  and 
of  tho  brigade  under  General  Purko, 
had  reached  and  taken  possession  of 
Morehead  City,  at  the  terminus  of  the 
Atlantic  and  North  Carolina  Railway, 
and  two  days  later,  Beaufort  was  oc- 
cupied without  opposition,  and  left  in 
charge  of  the  Fourth  Rhode  Island 
and  Eighth  Connecticut  Regiments, 
the  other  troops  being  engaged  in  prep- 
arations for  ihc  attack  on  Fort  Macon. 
Major   John    H.    Allen,    of    the    Fourth    Rhode 


Island. 


jvost  Marshal   if    Kcau- 
i  iking  himself  very  popular 
of  his  difficult  duties. 


BEADyU  ARTE  ltd    OK    GENERAL    BURNSIDE    AT    NEW    BERNE,    N.    0. 


BEMGUJG    0ONPEDER4.TE    PMSUiJiiKS    WTO    THJi    HAl'IUHEU    (JA* 


8RINU1NU     CONFEDERATE     PI11SO.NEBS     liJIO    THE     CAPTURED     Will]  btillND     FORT    I1UGER,    ROANOKE     ISLAND,    AFTER    THE     BATTLE. 

nmM  "  fr***!  n  goon. 


212 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CIVIL     WAR. 


Mi    II 


THE    SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR 


2IJ 


JAMES  8.  NEGLET. 
Bonn  I"  AJIcghajjy  County, 

>a.,  In  1830;  served  throairh- 
nui  the  Mexican  Wei  as  a 
private  soldier,  although  against 
■in-  wiiln^  of  his  parents,  he  be- 
in;  0  minor  ;  received  a  com- 
plimentary discharge,  from  the 
Sacrrtsry  of  War  on  account  ol 
hi*  age,  which  lie  refused,  mid 
remained  with  hit  company  un 
III  lliu  cIogc  of  the  war.  At 
lilt!  cull  for  volunleeni  in  IS6I, 
ti,.  was  appointed  ihird  brign- 
,|i  r  general,  commanding;  the 
entire  western  portion  of  Iho 
Slate  of  Pennsylvania,  llewas 
peculiarly  efficient  us  an  otgaa- 
1  .r  His  brigade:,  consisting 
of  Hie  Seventy -seventh,  Bev- 
iniy-elghth  and  Seventy.nlmh 
I',  riniylvnniffl  Volunteers,  was 
ordered  to  Kentucky  to  rein- 
farce  tlic  Federal  ormy  opcr- 
■1  -   Ibf-'TO,  and  he  dispatched 

1..  hi   down   Iho  Ohio   on   six 


FASCINES  AND  QABIONB. 
Tni!  making  <■(  these  forms 

I ■  irl  iif  Ihc  iastractinn  given 
in  soldier  la  establishing 
iti'jini  nf  defense.  Fascines 
tin  mnde  by  securing  together 
indies  of  (ticks  or  branches, 
nnd  are  used  for  raising  bnt- 
1  . Li-!,  filling  ditches  and  miik- 
liig  parapets.  Gabions  arc 
I  llniv  cylinileni  of  wicker  work 
villi  eat-lli,  which  serve 

1 101    soldiers     from    the 
1  lire. 


A  DARING   EXPLOIT. 

Wllll.il  Licilteaont  A.  D. 
Karroll  was  in  command  of 
■be  steamer  Union,  of  the  Polo- 
nine  llulilhi,  ho  learned  that 
In:  ( 'on fi 'derate*  hud  colUil'd 
n  QuontfCfl  or  Dumfries  Creek  ight,  and 
early  on  the  10th  moved  tip  Abbot's 
Creek  and  reached  I'rostonburg  at 
about  eight  o'clock  tfio  following  morning.  It  was 
nut,  huwovii',  until  after  twolvo  (bat  Garfield  liad 
completed  Ins  arrangements  for  the  attack.  Then, 
sending  u  small  forco  of  cavalry  to  discover  the 
exact  position  of  tho  enemy,  bu  followed  with 
another  along  tho  brow  of  the  hill,  after  placing 
his  artillery  in  a  position  to  sweep  all  approach  from 
the  creek.    Tho  right  of  tl Ivnncing  column  soon 


JAJ[J:S  A.  GARFIELD. 

came  upon    Colonel  Trigg's  Fifty-fourth  Virginia 

[teg supporting  the  artillery  near  the  Cross 

Roads,  and  .1  lively  fight  ensued,  tho  Confederate 
gnus  being,  however,  too  badly  served  to  effect  much 
damage,  lteinforcements  having  reached  both  Hides, 
tho  fighting  continued  from  one  crest  to  another, 
along  the  line,  until  toward  four  o'clock,  when, 
Colonel  Sheldon's  force  of  700  men  having  arrived 
from  Pumtville,  Garfield  pressed  still  further  the 
advantage  gained,  and  ordered  tho  entire  reserve 
to  advance  and  silence  the  enemy's  guns,  liy  dark 
the  enemy  had  been  driven  from  all  his  positions, 
and  Marshall  bad  begun  a  retreat  which  continued 
a9  far  as  Abingdon,  across  the  Clinch  lliver,  into 
Virginia.  Such  stores  us  bud  not  been  burned  by 
Marshall  were  taken  possession  of  and  carried  away, 
when  a  few  days  later  tho  Federals  returned  to 
Paintville. 


The  Confederate  loss  v.as  imported  at  00  killed 
besides  about  100  wounded  and  made  prisoners. 
while  that  of  the  Federals  was  said  to  be  only  3 
killed  and  25  wounded. 

For  In-  services  on  tho  occasion.  Colonel  Garfield 
was  mad?  a  brigadier-general  tho  day  following  the 
engagement  at  I'restoubnrg. 


JAMES  A.  GARFIELD. 
Boas  at  Orange,  Cuyahoga  County,  O.,  November  tfuli, 

1831 :  lost  his  father  at  a  very  1  iriyofje,  nadl ica  drirei 

of  tow-horses  on  ono  of  the  Western  canals,  until  able  to 
enter  the  Ohio  Western  ttcservi  Ei  ia  Ik  ln-mm.  ;  afterward 
continual  bis  studios  at  Williams  CoQcgi .  Unas  .  whence  lie 
graduated  in  1830,  with  tho  very  highest  honors;  returned  to 
hia  native  Slate,  where  ha  became  a  clergyman,  and  Inter  on 

whs  ;i|i|"iinh.l  in  llir.-  |imir  liiui  gout  |iii]in[iirily, 
sail  in  itCHMjo.  ho  wai  called  la  i  s.-it  in  tho  Ohio  Soaiile. 

When  tlta  Civil  War  broke  oul  in  IBM,  he  lendercd  Ins 
eervleis  lo  the  U11ia.1l  Stales  Government,  nnd  "ct  about 
cutirclv  rcenilliae  in  his  unlive  Slate,  soon  rnlering  (hi-  ser- 
vice at  the  build  of  llio  Forty-second  Regimen  I  of  Ohio  Vol 
unteets.  On  the  1  i(h  of  January,  1803,  lie  was  ]i  jmoled  lo 
ahrlgnilior-gcncralship,  for  having,  with  less  than  ), 000  men 
of  hi*  Eighteenth  llngnh-.  defeat  nl  tn::irly  (wire  lh.it  nuinhur 
of  Con fnhr; lies  under  General  Humphrey  Marshall,  m  Mid- 
dle Creek,  near  Prcstonbiirg,  ICy.  During  April,  1882,  lin 
look  part  in  the  battle  of  Sliilnli.  i  uaioiioiiliiig  the  Twentieth 
Brigade  of  the  Anny  of  llio  Ohio  under  (Si  ncni!  Hnell,  com 
posctl  of  Hie  Thirteenth  Michigan,  Fifty-firel  Indiana,  and 
the  Si  sty- f"u  rlh  and  Sixty-fifth  Ohio  Regiments.     He  like- 

wi in.!  nl  I'.irinlli,  u-liii  li  lie1  Ki-diT.ils  limk  |Hi.-Lvi-ioii  of 

oa  the  20lli  of  May,  1802.  On  the  llhh  of  September,  ISO!), 
ho  was  miiile  a  mnjnr-gcaenil  of  volunteers  for  gallantry  nt 
Luc  bailie  of  Ouickumniijpi.  when*,  us  chief  of  shift  la  Genera! 
Rosecmns,  ho  so  aided  Queers!  Tuomils  as  to  Ensure  the 
safety  of  (lie  Federal  army.  Hu  continued  lo  servo  under 
Hosoomes  until  the  commcnecmcnt  of  the  tollawiufi  Decem- 
ber, when  he  Ii>ij;iii-<1  his  posHIn  in  rln-  Jinny  <■>  lake  his 
seat  us  a  member  of  the  Thirty -oitjlitfc  Cbogrcss,  la  whicli  ho 
hud  jn-l  been  eleetivl,  lie  was  teclcc'cd  al  every  mi  Ccessivo 
term,  and  thas  eonliuueil  to  rcrirescol  his  unlive  Slate,  uulil 
called  bj  it  to  the  United  Stales  Senate,  iu  January,  1880. 

In  the  Pall  of  llio  latlcrycar  he  was  dueled  President  of 

the  United  Stales,  and  wiv.  duly  inn  ununited  as  saeh  on  tho 
-1th  uf  Mnreh,  1881.  Oa  tho  2d  of  July  following  ho  was 
shot  liy  Guiteau,  in  the  Cily  of  Washington,  D.  C,  and 
died  of  his  wounds  at  Elberon,  K.  J.,  on  the  lfllh  of  Septem- 
ber of  llie  sauin  year. 

The  grief  of  the  nation  nt  the  loss  of  their  Chief  Miaris- 
Inite  was  universal,  the  South  vying  with  Lbu  North  In 
its  expression  of  sorrow. 


BEJJERAL   TROOPS   REULIIDIX^    TUE    UKlIlijE   OVER   BACON  5   CBEEE,  S.7 


VIEW   OP   NEW    BERNE.   N.   O,    FROM   THE   INTERIOR   OP   FOP"   THOMPSON,    AFTR7I    THE    OAPTTTI 


huton  head,  a  c- government  works  ejected  eoi 


VIEW   OP   NEW    BEHNE,   N.   O,    FROM    THE    INTERIOR    OF   FOP,,  THOMPSON,    AFTER   TUB    nAPTTTRE  PY     IUE    FEUEUAI,    ['OliCES  - BmiNTNii    ROSm-AVORKS.    RAILWAY    URIDGE    AND    NAVAL   STORES. 


HILTON  HEAD,  S.  0.- GOVERNMENT  WORKS  EJECTED  EOIVTlljr  COMFOET  OF  THE  FEDERAL  AI1MV  OK  OUUUI'ATloN. 


THE     SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CfTTL     WAR.. 


THE    SOLDIER     fjV    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


221 


THJi  BATTLE  OF   MILL  SPEIXG. 

To  the  second  important  engagement  of  the 
/ear  I8C2,  tha  names  of  Beach  Grove,  Fishing 
Creek,  Somerset,  and  Logan's  Cross  Roads,  have 
been  given,  although  it  was  actually  fought  at  the 
last  mentioned  place,  about  midway  between  Mill 
Spring  "nd  Somerset.  Like  the  battle  of  Preston- 
burg,  it  proved  to  bo  a  victory  for  the  Federals. 

Tha  Confederate  General  FeTjx  K.  Zollicoffer  had 
Btronglv  entrenched  his  force  both  at  Beach  Grove 
nml  at  Mill  Spring,  on  tlio  oppoiite  side  of  the 
Cumberland    Itiver,   early   in    January,   and    bad 


meet  the  advancing  force  under  General  Thomas. 
ZollicotTcr's  brigado  comprised  ono  Mississippi 
and  three  Tennessee  regiments,  with  Captain  Rut- 
ledgo's  battery  of  four  gnus;  and  Carroll's  brigado 
embraced  three  Tennessee  regiments,  with  Captain 
MeClung'a  battery  of  two  guns,  tbo  reserve  consist- 
ing of  one  Alabama  regiment  and  two  battalions  of 
cavalry,  making  a  total  of  nearly  5,000  men. 

General  Thomas's  force  consisted  of  the  Second 
Minnesota,  Fuirth  and  Twelfth  Kentucky,  Ninth 
Ohio  and  Tenth  Indiana  Regiments  of  Infantry,  u 
detachment  'if  U'.lford's  Kentucky  Cavalry,  and 
three  batteries  of  artillery  under  Captains  Kinney, 


field,  in  order  to  sopurnte  tha  Pem-rai  position!, 
but  General  Thomas.,  who  happened  nrar,  and  satf 
tho  likelihood  of  a  Hanking  movement,  ordered  up 
tho  Ninth  Ohio.  Colonel  R.  L.  McCook,  and  tha 
Second  Minnesota,  Colonel  E.  P.  Van  Clove.  Tho 
Confederates'  advance,  which  had  likewise  been 
strengthened  by  Carroll's  brigado,  then  opened  a 
most  galling  tiro  upon  tho  Federals.  This  was 
barely  withstood  by  tho  latter  until  Colonel  W .  A. 
Ilnskins's  Twolfth  Kentucky  Rogimout  lu.i  come 
up  to  thoir  aid. 

The  contest  now  becamo  more  sovt^j  than  over, 
and  although  tho  Confederate  artillery  occupied  a 


DEATH]    Of    QENEltU.   ZOLLICOFFER,  ON   THK 


oeen  joined  by  tho  troops  under  Monornl  Carroll, 
as  well  us  by  Major-general  Gcofgo  B.  Crittcn- 
in-ii,  who  hail  then  taken  tin.  chief  command. 
Ii  was  known  to   them   that   Goneral    George   II. 

I'l as  had  divided  hie  forces,  leaving  tho  smullor 

l<  tii.mi  with  General  Scl \il  iluringtblM  yw*.  optmruig 
against  ihe  don  is.  unit  Ihtncp  procet-  icd  Uj  China  where  lie 
"mniiiLii  duriuy  the  tnnihlesome  period  when  Ihnl  empire 
as  at  war  with  tha  united  forces  of  Englund  uud  Fti  c[  Ponilum 
p  rti  ED  1-  ihinit  transferred  to  Ilia  Depart  meat  of  the 
West,    mil  given   'I mnanit  of  11  flotilla  to  open  the  iiavi- 


S.   II.  D1IITT. 


big  day  nt  Logan's  Cross  Roads,  but  ween  Ills  force  urn!  that 
of  General  Thi.  i'lj.  which  lasted  till  niglil  laid  Ml  in.  and 
resulted  in  Ills  ricu.._  is  well  ns  in  Ibe  evacuation  of  Ihe  Con- 
federate camp),  wbieh  were  taken  possession  of,  with  a  largo 
amount  or  war  material,  by  Ihu  Federal  Iraajts.  lie;  death 
was  a  |;ri-.ii  loss  10  the  Confederate*  lie  na  kOcd  white  iu 
the  advance,  directing  the  iiiovemcaJ  .if  fab  troops,  being 
wounded  in  (lie  breast  ui     He  tlleu  wen!  on  a  cruise  U|KHI  the  coast  of 


Oiiiin  in  Jluury  Coanly,  Tern 

..May  I'.llh.  1813; 

;  eiilered   u   print' 

".'-'llliv  ;it    a  very   i-.irly  age, 

;il:iuil  in  clinrffo  of  a  small  nc< 

v-|..,|m  r   pnllllfllCd 

Mi"    lown   of    Pari.,   in    Ids 

iiue  cilitor  or  tlio  r,.l uta 

"            one  ^.ir 

liter,  mid   was   Ihe  EM  tie   I'lin'n 

■  ihoioi:  tb.    years 

<-■-■--,    taking    the    editorship 

of   Hie   Nashville. 

'Some/  in  18*8.     He  was  a  inn 

mid  in  Iho  conduct  of  his  scvei 

ul  eilitorial  eater- 

11-".  ilisplnycd  bo  much  nullity 

CSlO  win  forliim- 

■U   a   ]>roiniueiit  repuliilion   in 

the  [.     Thence  he  iuvailnl  Kentucky, 


eupylug   tirbiiai 


h"tt  , 


king  Camp  Wild  Cat.  or  Crab  Or- 


if  which  Zollicoller  was   1 


vhich  General  Seuocpf  Imd  taker 
naad.  He  tulsequonlly  enlrrnehw 
b  bimlw  of  the  Cumberland  River 
;  and  t 


'"-'ar.v,im"i,  on  ihe  lSlh  of  January,  16*12.  lo  prc- 
yeul   tin,   junc,!nil    ot  QL.npra]    TlLnmusis   forre8 
■"•o  tbwe  led  by  General  Schocpf. 
in  i>t.  After  ,1 
li.ioi  fought  cagngemcDl  he  received  ilic  surrender  of  hland 
tta.  10,  on  the  7th  of  April,  1803,  sad  was  about  eugaging  in 
ninth,  r  important  nmveiiitnt.  whe:i  bis  loui;-uej(licled  wound 
liim  0,  relinijiiisli  all  netive  duly,  lie  resigned  111? 
tipinmaiul  in  the  navy,  nnd  rciiirmd  home.  On  the  10th  ol 
iiii  EoDowhig  June  he  received  die  thanks  of  Congress,  and 

this  was  followed,  si\  days  later,  by  his  prumotion  to  the 
rank  of  rvnriuluijr.il.  .mil  his  appointment  lo  the  snperln- 
lendeneyof  the  Bureau  of  Equlpmenl  and  Rtsruitlng.  Ilu 
was  i.nierid.  ."i  the  lib  ..f  Jon.-,  I  WIS.  to  relieve  Henr-ndmiml 
1)ii|huiI,  who  was  Blalioiied  off  Cbnrleslmi  Harbor;  but  on 
his  way  lie  was  taken  ill,  aad  died  iu  New  York  City,  00 
iln-   JMIi  ..I"  ilu-  ■■  1111..  mi. mli. 


CAPTURE  OP  FORT  NF.NIJY,  TEJTN". 

RBC0NK0I8SAK0B3  miulo  in  January,  18(12,  by 
order  of  General  Grant,  having  satisQcd  liim  tin:' 
Fort  Henry  could  easily  bo  taken,  if  attack od 
promptly  from  tlio  Tennessee  River,  lio  proposed  to 
General  Hallcck  tlmt  a:i  advance  lie  at  once  made 
iu  that  direction,  and  on  tlio  30th  of  the  month  lie 
received   permission  to  inuko  the  intended  movo- 

On  Monday,  the  2d  of  Fchrttary,  General  Grant's 
army,  preceded  by  a  ilotilla  of  seven 
gunboats,    left    Cairo    for    Paducuh, 
reaching  tho  latter  place  tho  same  evening. 

Tlio  army  com  prised  tho  divisions  of  Generals 
John  A.  MeClernawI  and  0.  F.  Smith,  including  tlio 
.Seventh,  Eighth.  Ninth,  Eleventh.  Twelfth,  Eight- 
eenth, Twentieth,  Twenty-seventh,  Twenty- eighth, 
Twenty-ninth,  Thirtieth,  Thirty-first,  Forty-first. 
Forty-fifth  and  Forty-eighth  Illinois,  the 
Seventh  and  Twelfth  Iowa,  tho  Eighth 
and  Thirtieth  Missouri  and  the  Eleventh 
Indiana  Regiments,  besides  a  large  force 
of  cavalry  and  artillery. 

Tho  gunboats  wero  the  newly  armored 
Cincinnati  (flagship),  Carondclcl,  Exucx 
and  St.  Louis,  in  charge  of  Commanders 
Stembcl,  Walko,  Porter  and  Paulding,  un.1 
tlio  wooden  ' 'miexlmjtt.  f.rsiii-j/iiii  and  Ti/br, 

in     chargo    of    Lieutenants    Ci Biouling 

Phelps,    Shirk     and     luvui,     the     whole 
commanded  by    Flag-otlicor  Andrew    II 

Fort  Henry  was  at  tho  time  garrisoned 
by  about  3,000  men  under  Brigadier-gen- 
eral Lloyd  Tilghman.  This  force  was 
divided  into  two  brigades:  ono  under 
Colonel  A.  iiicmun,  comprising  Iiis  own 
regiment,  the  Ter.th  Tennessee,  Lieu- 
tenant-colonel McGavoek ;  tho  Forty- 
eighth  Tenneitfce,  Colonel  Voorhies;  the 
Twenty-seventh  Alabama,  Colonel  Hughes; 
a  battalion  of  cavalry  under  Lieutenant- 
colonel  Gantt,  and  four  guns  in  charge 
of  Captain  Culberston ;  while  tho  other 
brigade  was  under  tho  command  of  Col- 
onel Joseph  Drake,  and  embraced  Iiis  own 
regiment,  the  Fourth  Mississippi,  then  in 
charge  of  Major  Adair;  the  Fifteenth 
Arkansas,  Colonel  Gee;  tlio  Fifty-fin;t 
Tennessee,  Colonel  lirowdcr;  a  battalion 
of  Alabama  troops  under  .Major  Garvin, 
a  detachment  of  Rangers  under  Captain 
Melton,  two  companies  of  cavalry  under 
Captains  Milner  and  Padgett,  and  thrco 
guns  in  chargo  of  Captain  Clare.  Tha 
fort  wtea  armed  w:"h  seventeen  heavy  orins 
in  charge  of  (Jb(.lhui  Jeaso  Taylor. 


'THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUn     ^/VIL     WAR., 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


22  J 


Early  on  the  Sd  of  February,  tue  gunboats  had 
advanced  to  a  point  about  nine  miles  below  Fort 
Henry,  and  tlie  troops  liad  been  landed  by  the 
transports  at  Bailey's  Fe.-rj',  subsequently  encamp- 
iiiff  on  n  high  ndge  close  by  tho  river.  Reconnoiri- 
;-nir.'e3  were  July  made,  both  on  land  and  by  water, 
.,.,,1  on  the  iitb  all  was  in  readiness  for  tbo  attack. 
]  Jn-  advance  was  to  bo  made  simultaneously  tbo  fol- 
lowing morning  by  the  troops  and  the  gunboats, and 
ih 0  engagement  was  to  commence  at  eleven  o'clock. 
Dot  an  unusually  heavy  rainstorm  came  np  dnring 
[lio  night,  nnd  while  tbo  rising  river  benefited  the 
JjLiUa,    the    muddy    roads    and    swollen    st reams 


before  long,  render  bis  position  nntcnable,  an  J 
while  there  remained  a  chance  to  save  his  force  by 
a  retreat  to  Fort  Donclson,  lie  availed  of  it,  remain- 
ing himself  in  Fort  Henry  nntil  all  but  seven  of  the 
heavy  guns  had  been  dismantled  by  the  incessant 
shilling  of  the  fleet.  He  then  forcibly  surrendered 
to  Commander  Footc,  who  sent  Commander  Stem- 
bel,  of  hi3  flagship,  and  Lieutenant  Commander 
Phelps,  to  hoist  tbo  Union  flag  over  Fort  Henry. 

General  Grant's  forco  camo  up  afterward,  and 
a  pursuit  was  ordered,  but  it  resulted  only  in  the 
capture  by  tbo  Fourth  Illinois  Cavalry  of  a  few 
prisoners  and  some  light  artillery. 


Arty-two  pound  shot  struck  the  lad  in  the  head, 
causing  his  instant  death. 

This  tragic  termination  to  a  life  so  fnll  of 
youth  and  hope  was  universally  regretted. 

Tho  Confederate  loss  was  ropo>-lcd  at  ten  -idW 
and  fifteen  wounded,  many  being  injureo  by  tht 
bursting  of  one  of  the  twelve  thirty-two  pound  giir.s 
in  tho  fort,  besides  about  100  pris  mera,  including 
General  Tilghman,  Captain  Jeeso  Tavlor  and  tor 
other  commissioned  oilicers.  The  fort  contained, 
besides  its  regular  armament,  many  small-arms  ao^ 
equipments,  a  large  quantity  of  stores,  and  a  suf- 
ficient numoer  of  tents  for  8,0t)0  men. 


PUN   OF  KJKT   BEHBX    AND   ITS   APPROACHES. 


proved  a  serious  ibstuc.le  to  the  marrh  of  the 
troops. 

rbo  armored  gunboats,  with  tho  wooden  ones  in 
the  rear,  bud  succeeded  in  escaping  the  long-range 
pro  ol  tho  fcrt  by  taking  cover  of  Panther  Island, 
li  tiio  western  channel,  and  bad  opened  on  tho 
oaUerics,  finally,  at  a  distance  of  about  GOO  yards, 
ffhila  Grant's  I>rco  was  slowly  advancing  through 
lliu  woods  and  mud:  General  Smith's  column  in  tho 
hrrciion  of  Fort  Hieiunn,  and  that  of  General 
MoOlemand  toward  a  point  on  tbo  Dover  lload. 
aetween  Forts  Henry  and  Dooelson. 

the  bombardment  continued  until  near  two 
"ciocV,  and  was  warmly  responded  to  by  Captain 
Taylor's  ginis;  bnt  it  soon  became  evident  to  Gen- 
era] t'dgluuan  that  tho  enemy's  movements  would, 


Colonel  Lewis  Wallace,  of  the  Eleventh  Indiana 
Regiment,  was  placed  in  command  uf  Port  Henry, 
while  Grant  commenced  his  preparations  for  the 
advance  on  Fort  Donalson, 

Tho  Federate  lost  two  killed  and  thirty-fight 
wounded,  twenty-nine  of  tbo  latter  being  on  board 
tho  Essex,  whoso  boiler  was  pierced  by  a  thirty-two 
pound  shot  from  the  fort. 

Among  tho  killed  was  Lieutenant  S.  B.  Brittan, 
Jr.,  sou  of  Dr.  S.  B.  Brittan,  of  New  York  City.  He 
bad  enlisted  in  the  nary  at  the  early  age  of  seven- 
teen, and  had  mada  himself  a  favnrite,  especially 
on  hoard  of  tho  Eksex,  where  he  acted  as  Captain 
Porter's  aide  and  pri.ate  secretary.  "While  Captain 
Porter  and  young  Brittan  were  watching  the  effect 
of   tbo   firing   upou    fiio    Confederate  position,  a 


RECEPTION  AT  NEW  TOBK 
OF  THE  SIXTY-NINTH   REGIMENT. 

Tina  regiment,  composed  entirely  of  Irish  citi 
zens..  upon  its  return  to  Now  York  City,  after  h 
three-months  service  in  tho  field,  were  met  hj 
their  fellow-citizens  and  tbo  Seventh  Hegiment 
aud  given  a  reception  that  any  organization  might 
envy.  The  Sixty-ninth  had  rendered  good  service 
at  Arlington  Heights  by  ita  erection  of  admirable 
and  extensive  earthworks  in  defense  of  tho  ua 
tional  capital,  and  bad  especially  distinguished 
itself  at  tho  battle  of  Bull  Run,  where  it  un- 
fortunately met  with  6erious  losses.  Its  Colonel, 
Michael  Corcoran,  was  taken  prisoner,  and  held  at 
a  hostago  for  a  year,  when  he  was  exchanged. 


228 


THE     SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


THE    SOLDIER     IN     OUR     CIVIL     WAK. 


?20 


COLONEL  LEWIS  WALLACE  AND  STAFF.- ZOUAVE  EEGIMENT,  ELEVEJTTH  INDIANA  VOLUNTEERS 


BURSTING  OP  A  RIPLKD  42.1'OUND 


i™ 


ft-     ■  4££'.Jiki 


Af- 


H-,"v: 


fell 


BDBSTINO  OF  A  BIFLED  43-I'ODNU  OW  IN   FURT   HENRY   DURING  THE   H03IBAKDJIENT 


THE    SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


THE    SOLDIER     fJV    OUR     CIVIL    WAR. 


*3J 


BURNING   A  CONFEDERATE    BCHOONER    IS    QUANTICO   CREEK,  BY  . 


FLOTILLA    UNDER   LIEUTENANT   HARRELL. 


STATION  HOUSE  CELL  IX  WASHINGTON. 


isting  there  so  much  demoralization  and   dissipa-  capital,  that  tho  morale  of  tho  army  was  fust  tie 

Him    aiming    tho    ollicors  anil   soldiers,  who    had  dining.    General  Porter  established  a  rigid  super- 

At  the  time  General  Porter  was  appointed  Pro-    abused  tho  leniency  extended   them,  when   either  vision,  causing  tho  arrest  and  imprisonment  of  all 

toat-marshul  of  Washington,  D.  0.,  he   found  e.\-    passing    through    or    quartered    at    tlio    national  oilendcrs,  aud  the  city  resumed  its  usual  quiet. 


i1!  ",::  4-|J;    "'M 


SI 


SCESi;  IN  A  BTATIuA-LioUSJi  UliLi,,  WA 


H34- 


THE    SOLDIER     I.V    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAS 


2.1S 


CUDIS  BLBFZER. 

goon  in  Germany,  ut  Worms,  on  tho  Rhino,  in  18la. 
Hod  October  Slat,  1809  ;  entered  tho  army  of  G  recce,  wherein 
V  served  several  years,  leaving  t!  tJic  r  to  bad  becu  made  u 
first  liaiteoaot,  to  return  to  his  native  cily,  where  lie  com- 
menced business  as  pi  wine  mi  n  Icuii.  lit  w  'In  lid  colonel 
..f  the  Worms  Militia,  lifter  the  rtvnhiHai  at  MM,  and  joined 
l!m  revolutionary  movemcnl  in  Baden,  where  lie  was  plnced 
il  the  Lend  <>f  a  body  of  S.WMJ  men.  These  figured  in  iiiiiny 
judgements  with  11"'  Knyuliits,  iu  fill  nf  which  Weaker  nini 

Hill  heroic  wife  bravely  c aided  side  by  aide  until  Uicy 

were  attacked  by  a  force  nf  Prussians  nearly  seven  limes 
.■renter  than  their  own  Unnlilu  toisituikmd  ^>n:li  odds.  tliev 
nisied  into  Switzerland 
11  Mil  the  rem n il n t  af  their 
unvra  followers,  nnd  re 
mnlncd  there  until  ihe 
end  of  September,  1BJ9, 
when  Blinker  wns  ex- 
pcllcd  by  :i  special  oniel 
of  the  President  of  Iho 
Helvetian  Confederacy 
Colonel  Blenker  and  Ids 
wife  then  look  refuse  id 
ilio  United  Stales,  set 
[ling  in  Rockland  Co., 
X.  Y.,  on  n  farm  which 
they  had  purchased. 
Here  Blanker  renin  iced 
until  the  Civil  War  broke 
nil  lie  then  came  to 
Nuw  York   City,  whua 

maud  of  Iho  First  Ger 
man  Rifle  Regiment, 
Eighth  New  York  Slate 
Volunteers,  which  was 
one  of  ilieflrrt  ihal 


tnry  Acmlemj  x:  IVcjrc  ."kg",  in  ISM,  nnd  four  years  later  notably,  "  The  Astronomy  of  the  Bible,"  •■      ,,uinr  Adroit 

gradunted  in  the  Class  including  Robert  E.  Leo  nnd  Joseph  ™y,"  "The  Planetary  and  Stellar  Worlds,''  nnd  "Tv  Orbs 

E.  Johnston  ;  entered  the  n.-tillcry  corps  with  the  rank  of  of  Heaven. "  

brevet  second  lieutenant ;  was  MtaUot  proTeasor  of  mathe-  ^^  CA,lLOg  BUELL 

mutirs  fit  Ine  Acid' ■my  imiil  ltf"l  ;  resigned  In-  position  in 

tno  army  lo  study  law  and  practiced  in  Ciucinnali,  O.,  till         Born*  near  Marieliu.  G,,  Mnrch  23d,   1818;  entered  ti* 

1834,  when  he  wm  elected  professor  of  mathematics  nnd  of  Military  Academy  at  West  Point  in  1837.  and  graduated  ii 

uslronomy  in   the  Ohio  University.     This  position  lie  re-  1*11  as  brevet  second  lieutenant  of  Infantry  ;  served  in  tin 

Mined  ten  years,      fin  tin-  14th  of  April,  18-lii,  lie  founded  Florida  War.  1811-2  :  00  frontier  duty,  l84*-5  ;  and  in   Id 

t!n    Cini  innuti   flb-i  naioti     and  became  its  director.     In  mllitorj  patio*  of  Texas,  1845-0  .  made  firvt  Ifeulennri 

1sjs_!i  ,".  held  (In  office  of  adjutant  general  of  the  Slate  of  in  Jon.    IK4G,  seal  en) mi  the  following  Septa  bcr  fct 

Obi. i     in.!  in  1  -1  -  1  in  nil    In  if  i  ny"f!i-~  In  Europe   :is  chief  urdLiiiri    il  I)      ImM'i     .f  M>>nl<  n  }       At  Ihe  h-illli   '.f  I  Intra 

became  director  of  tbcSnillcy  Observatory  nt  Albany,  N.Y.      Iu  1848  he  bccuiua  assistant  odjulant-gcricnil,  with  Ibe  lull 

1801-C3  he  wm  made  n 
brigadier  general,,  nnd 
plnced  at  the  bind  of 
the  Department  ol  tb'i 
Ohio,  succeeding  Gen 
oral  William  T.  Slier 
man.  lie  set  nlmitl  or 
gnnizing  an  clUeicrl 
nrmy   and   planned   se 

won  fur  him  an  excellent 
reputation.  He  became 
Subordinate  to  Ibillcck, 
when  the  hitter  was 
placed  la  command  of 
Ihe  Department  or  Ihe 
Boulhvtal,   nnd   was    al 


i  the  s 


:  of  v 


At 


c  tin 


!■""" 


the  battle  of  Bull  Run, 
lllenkcr  v  u  placed  at 
ihe  bead  of  the  First 
Brigade  of  the  Fifth  D> 
visiun,  commanded  by 
Colonel  Dixon  S.  Miles, 
and,  aided  by  Colonel 
Porter,  covered  Ihe  rc- 
irent  of  Ihe  Fcdera' 
innv  He  wns  afterward 
nindn  a  brigiidicr-gencml, 
fid  given  the  command 
af  the  German  division 
r.f  Ihe  Army  of  the  l'olo- 

SISrON    BOLIVAR 
BUCKKEB. 

Boris  in  Kentucky  it 
18-iJ;  entered  Die  Mill- 
lary  Academy  at  Wee! 
Point  in  1340  ;  breveted 
second  lieutenant  of  in- 
fnntry  July  1st,  1844 ; 
served  ut  frontier  po-ita 
1844-5;  assistant  pro- 
fessor of  el  Lies  at  Hie 
Military  Academy  from 
August,  18-1.1,  lo  May, 
1840;  entered  the  Mex- 
ican War,  and  was  bre- 
veted first  lieutenant  ol 

ihc  Sixth  Infantry  lor 
his  bravery  En  Ihc  batllcc 
of  Coatrcrafl  and  Cliu- 
i-ubusco,  where  be  was 
wounded.  Ilia  gallant 
conduct  at  Ihe  buttle  of 
El  Molino  del  Rey.  In 
Seplttmber,  18-17,  won 
him  the  grade  of  cnji- 
laia  He  wns  afterwari' 
made  (juarlermnater  of 
the  Slilh  Infnnlry,  and 
became  ossfsUinl  luslruc- 
lor  of  Infantry  Luetics  at 
Wntl  Point,  18-I9-.W,  and 
(ommiKiloner  of  suhsii.t- 
srnce  at  New  York  Cily, 
IK.13-JJ      R<"ignr.d    from 

the  army  March  2f|th,  18155.  At  the  breaking  out  of  tltn 
Civil  War  he  joined  Ihe  Southern  Confederacy,  was  made  a 
general,  placed  in  command  at  Bowling  Green,  which  lie 
evacuated  on  the  full  of  Fort  Henry,  Inking  his  troops  to 
Fort  Douelson,  where  he  surrendered  with  his  forces  lo 
General  Grant  en  the  10th  of  February,  18D2.  Wiin  confined 
in  F.irt  Warren  till  August,  1 80S,  then  eichanged  and  placed 
In  command  of  a  division  of  Ilurdee't  corps,  in  Bmgg'fl 
army,  in  Tennessee,  nnd,  ns  major-general,  assigned  to  til  a 
Third  Grand  Division  engaged  at  Mnrfreesboro1  nnd  nl 
Thickmauga,  being  included,  May  20th,  18011,  In  "irliy 
Smith's  Burrender  to  General  Canby. 

OlrMSBY  MoKKIGHT  MITCHELL, 

lk>n"  In  Union  County,  Ky.,  August  28th,  1810  ;  v. ...  n 


lie  look  command  ol 
the  Army  of  tlie  Ohio, 
and  at  its  head  suc- 
ceeded, with  Grant,  in 
gaining  fur  the  federals 
nt  the  battle  of  Sbiloli, 
or  Pittsburg  Landing,  a 
victory  which  would 
otherwise  undoubtedly 
have  fallen  li  the  Con 
federates  under  tlie  sue 
Ccssivo  leadership  of 
Generals   Johnston    and 


Norihei 


Ahibai 


,  iod 


tlie  rclrcnt  to  Louisville. 
in  ovilcr  to  cut  off 
Bragg's  nrmy,  which  be 
drove  from  Kentucky. 
He  resigned  from  lite 
army  June  1st,  18"4,  and 
since  1S0-1 1ms  been  prcsi- 
ler.t  of  Ihe  Green  River 
fKy.)  Ironworks 


COL.  MURPHY'S 
RKGIMENT. 

Tiik    Fifteenth   N.Y. 


r  lie  tendered  his 


iDoohnnlin),  ns  well  ns  two  (lecllnoinolorB,  wit' 
hnportunt  olM-rvnllnns  were  reeonleo,  and  an 
pereonal  eipiutlon.  1  le  eslabllsllod  the  Sidereal 
Was    besides,  thn  author   of  u   Great  many  p 


Auaeostaltiver.  Al  the 
wtnl  of  command  one 
hundred  I  rained  mm 
sci/.cd  Ihe  India- mills  : 
finals,  launched  them 
mooriug  them  stem  and 
elerii ;  one  liundreil  men. 


MOS  OF  PORT  DONELSON. 

situated  nt  Dover.  Teiui.,  twelve  miles  "-■,  \ 
ury,  mi  the  wist  hank  of  the  Cumber,  -d 
was  built  iu  the  Summer  of  1801,  about  the 

orl  Henry  WM  eonslrueliil.  lis  luentlnii  wiw 
r  ilofcoso  lo  Rowling  Green,  and  also  as  > 
bo  nppronch  of  the  Federal  troops  on  Nash 

Ihe  rnmlu  rland  River  The  Confedenitii; 
■  fori  should  be  an  eUntiud  harrier  ?o  Ihe 

....  my  Into  TimiWSSce.  The  railroad  IrotB 
^  MunuliU  p.u*-d  loui  Ulllca  bou'Ji  ol  It 


??<5 


THE    SOLD1F.R     IN     OUR     CIVIL     WAR 


TtfB    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


237 


CAPTURE  OF  FORT  DONELSON. 

After  Hie  surrender  of  Fort  Henry,  General 
3 ran b  ordered  reconnoissances  to  bo  made  immedi- 
ately up  tlio  Tennessee  Itivcr,  while  he  located  his 
troops  011  the  roads  lending  to  Fort  Donelson,  mid 
while  Commander  Foote  proceeded  to  Cairo  to  rc- 
|i.iir  damages  and  to  complete  arrangements  for  the 
next  expedition. 

Foote,  having  taken  with  him  the  gunboats  Oin- 
winnati,  Essex  and  St.  Loitti,  tliero  romnined  the 
Caroa&elet  nt  Fort  Henry,  and  the  three  woorlcn 
gunboats  Concslotfn,  Lexington  and  Tyler,  which 
were  placed  in  charge  of  Li  oil  tenant-  com  mandor 
S.  L.  Phelps.  With  these  he  soon  reached  the 
bridge  of  the  Memphis  and  Ohio  Valley  Eailway, 
which  crosses  the  Tennessee  River  at  a  point  about 
twelve  miles  south  of  Fort  Henry.  Its  draw  was 
■losed  and  its  machinery  disabled,  but  in  about  an 
hour  the  draw  was  opened,  and  the  Tyler,  being 
left  to  destroy  the  railroad  and  part  of  the  bridge, 
the  Conestoga  and  Lexington  gave  chase  to  some 
Confederate  transports,  which  had  been  seen  at- 
tempting to  escape  up  the  river.  These  were  so 
closely  pursued,  that  they  were  set  on  lire  and  aban- 
doned. 

The  gunboats  continued  on  tboir  way,  cap- 
turing a  steamer  at  Cerro  Gordo,  two  more  at  East- 
port,  and  compelling  the  flight  of  a  number  of 
Confederates  at  Savannah,  which  place  Phelps  had 
contemplated  attacking.  After  proceeding  as  far 
as  Florence,  Ala.,  where  ho  captured  a  portion  of 
the  supplies  on  board  of  three  steamers,  which  had 
been  sot  afire  on  his  approach,  and  where  ho  found 
most  of  the  citizens  kindly  disposed,  he  returned  to 
his  place  of  departure. 

On  Tuesday,  the  11th  of  February,  Grant  called 

a  council  of  war,  at  which  it  was  de- 

FaiHMiiT,ise.  cj(lcd  tQ   moTe  ^mediately  on   port 

Donelson  rather  lhan  wait  for  additional  reinforce- 
ments.   Part  of  MeClornund's  division  advanced  the 
same  afternoon,  but  the  main  column  did  not  get 
into  motion  until  the  following  day. 
Grant  bad  organized  his  forces,  us  before,  into 


two  divisions,  commanded  by  Generals  MeClornand 
and  Smith,  and  liad  arranged  for  another  division 
to  ho  brought  by  Commander  Foote,  and  to  ho 
placed  in  charge  of  Lewis  Wallace,  who  had  been 
made  u  brigadier-general  on  the  day  of  the  capture 
of  Fort  Houry.  Part  of  MeClernaud's  force  ad- 
vanced by  the  Telegraph  Road,  and  halted  within 
two  miles  of  Fort  Donelson,  while  the  remainder 
marched  by  the  Dover  Road,  in  the  same  direction, 
with  orders  to  unite  aud  form  the  right  investing 
wing.     The  other  troops  wore  tc  follow  likewise  by 


the  Dover  Road,  Smith  being  ...dercd  to  prevent 
the  possible  retreat  of  the  (.Vm  fed  unite*  by  the  occu- 
pation ot  Dover,  if  practicable.  General  Wallace 
remained  at  Fort  Henry, 

Fort  Dunelson  was  situated  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Cumberland  River,  at  an  elevation  of  about  100 
feet,  and  mounted  eight  guns.  Below  it,  at  a_  ele- 
vation of  about  30  feet,  wore  two  water  batteries, 
containing  together  Lwclvo  guns, 

The  position  was  defended  by  15,000  men,  under 
tie  command  of  General  John  B.  Floyd,  who  had, 
on  the  13th,  superseded  General  A.  Sidney  John- 
ston. This  force  consisted  of  tho  Third,  Tenth, 
Eighteenth,  Twenty-sixth,  Thirtieth,  Thirty-second, 
Forty  •  first.  Forty  -  second.  Forty  -  eighth,  Forty- 
ninth,  Fiftieth.  Fifty- first  and  Fifty-third  Tennes- 
see ;  the  First, Third,  Fourth,  Fourteenth,  Twentieth 
and  Twenty-sixth  Mississippi ;  the  Thirty-sixth, 
Fiftieth,  Fifty-first  and  Fifty-sixth  Virginia;  the 
Second  and  Eighth  Kentucky;  the  Seventh  Texas; 
the  Fifteenth  Arkansas  and  tho  Twenty-seventh 
Alabama  Regiments  ot  Infantry  ;  besides  Golin's  aud 
Go  wail's  battalions  of  Infuutry,  Forrest's,  Gsntt's 
and  Milton's  battalions  of  Cavalry,  and  nearly  700 
artillerists. 

Tho  Federal  troops  mot  with  no  opposition  on  tho 
way,  and  early  in  the  afternoon  of  the  12th  occu- 
pied the  positions  which  had  boon  assigned  them, 
after  some  skirmishing,  during  which  the  Confede- 
rate pickets  were  driven  in. 

On  Thursday,  the  13th,  Colonel  Berge's  Sixty- 
sixth  Regiment  of  Illinois  Sharpshooters  engaged 
the  enomy's  pickets,  aud  kept  up,  at  a  distance  of 
about  300  hundred  yards,  an  incessant  lire,  which 
told  severely  on  the  Confederate  gunners  serv- 
ing one  of  tho  land  batteries,  and  during  which 
arrangements  were  completed  for  more  important 
work.  Major  Calender's  heavy  guns  were  placed  on 
the  spurs  opposing  the  lines  of  defense;  Oglesby's 
brigade  hold  tho  extreme  right,  McClernand's 
division  came  next,  and  Smith's  force  took  the 
extreme  left,  the  en  tiro  line  occupying  nearly  four 
miles  in  length. 

At  about  midday,  Colonel  Wallace  was  ordered 


GROUP   OF  OONin-RHATF    PIUSOVPRR   fUPTORHD   AT   FORT    UONBLSON. 
Fiwk  a  Swticn  nt  n.  Lotie. 


DECISIVE    BAYOttKi-OilABOfi   OK    VBK  SECOND   IOWA   REGIMENT   ON^  Tffl 


DECISIVE    BAYOMtfi-UiARaE   OF   THE   SECOND   IOWA   REGIMENT   ON   THE  CONFEDERATE   IN TRENCHAIENT3    AT   FORT    DONELBON,    FEBRUARY    lota,   1863. 


} 40 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CIVIL     WAR. 


THE    SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CIVIL    WAR 


2J.I 


DON   CARLOS   BTEU,. 


to  capture  a  battery  called  t!io  anodic  Re- 
li)ii(>t,  mid  taking  with  him  tho  Seventeenth 
Olinois,  under  Major  Smith,  the  Forty- 
>:ghth  HHwvs,  Colonel  Bayne,  and  tV 
Forty-ninth  Illinois,  Colonel  Morrison,  lie- 
sides  McAllister's  battery,  he  advanced 
rapidly  up  the  bill  until  within  forty  rods 
■>f  tho  battery,  when  b  terrible  fire  from  the 
antira  bne  of  infantry,  as  well  aa  from  the 
artillery,  compelled  them  for  a  moment  to 
fall  baos.  They  were  reinforced  by  Colonel 
Smith's  Forty-fifth  Illinois  Regiment,  then 
  as  to  enfilade  them  with 
broadsides, 

Only  twolve  of  Foote's  gnns  could 
■'!  one  time  bo  trained  against  the  hail 
thai  met  his  first  attack.  TbT  Oon- 
'ederatea  werfl  serving  their  r'ecos  with 
■Jnirulfcr  nreoisinc,  and  tnair  snot*  wra" 


DBMSBT   U.  MITOnEtL 


received  respectively  nfty-nine,  thirty  six, 
twenty  mid  twenty-six  shots,  and  that  the 
total  loss  to  the  licet  was  nine  killed  and 
forty  fivo  wounded,  including  six  killed  by 
tho  bursting  of  a  gun  on  the  Caremdelct. 

Commander  Foote,  later  on,  took  fonr  of 
his  vessels  back  to  Cairo,  in  order  to  repair 
damages,  and  to  organize  a  stall  more  for- 
midable fleet,  two  of  tho  gunboats  being  left 
to  cover  the  transpcrts,  while  Grant  con- 
tinned  the  investiture  of  Fort  Doneleon, 
and  the  Tyler  was  sent  to  complete  the  de- 
struction of  tho  railroad  bridge  above  Fort 
Henry,  ia  order  to  prevent  all  Confederate 
reinforcements  in  that  direction. 

On  the  evening  of  the  14th,  Floyd  called 
a  council  of  war,  whereat  he  submitted  the 
fact  that  Fort  Donelson  coulif 
cot  bo  successfully  held   with 
less    than    50,000    men,    and    that   it  were 
doubtless  better  to  make  a  sortie  in   force 
rather   than  wait  longer  the    possibility  of 
I       additional  troops  strengthening  the  enemy, 
I       and    consequently    preventing    all    possible 
escape.     It  was  unanimously  decided,  there- 
fore, to  take  the  offensive,  and  at  about  five 
o'clock    on   Saturday    morning,    tho    15th, 
Generals    Gideon    J.   Pillow    and    Bushrod 
K       R.  Johnston  left  the    fort  at   the   head  of 
Sv        some   10,000   men,  with  Colonel    Baldwin's 
>•'  brigade  in  tho  advance. 

!  McClornan-l's  force  was  the  objective,  and 

its  pickets  wore  soon  reached  and  forced 
baok  upon  the  actually  unsuspecting  camp, 
whose  safety  was  for  a  while  endangered, 
ao  still  and  quietly  conducted  had  been  the 
Confederate  advance,  Oglesby's  brigade, 
which  held  the  road,  and  had  but  little 
artillery  support,  withstood  the  first  attack, 
fortunately  thwarting  a  cavalry  advance  on  his  ex- 
treme right,  nntil  its  ammunition  began  to  give 
way,  when  the  whob  lino  fell  back,  with  exception 
of  tho  extreme  left,  where  stood  the  Thirty-first  nii- 
noia  under  Colonel  John  A.  Logan.  So  firmly  did 
tho  latter  force  bold  the  ground,  that  what  might 
have  at  one  time  proved  a  panic  was  averted.  To 
tho  support  of  Oglesby's  line  came  the  Eleventh 
and  tho  Twentieth  Illinois,  belonging  to  W.  II.  L, 
Wallace's  brignde,  which  were  followed  by  nearly 
3,500  more  men  of  tho  same  command,  as  well  ae 
by  the  bght  batteries  under  Dresser,  McAllister 
and  Taylor.  Column  after  column  of  fresh  Con- 
federate troops  kept  pouring  in  upon  tho  Federals, 
notwithstanding  the  terrible  fire  of  grape  and 
canister  directed  against  them.  Position  after 
position  was  gained  and  lost  on  both  sides,  until,  by 
nearly  eight  o'clock,  it  looked  as  if  no  advantage 
had  been  gained  on  either  hand. 

The  steadiness  and  apparent  regularity  with 
wluoh  fresh  Confederate  troops  were  being  brought 
forward  began,  however,  to  alprm 
MoOleruand,  and  he  finally  decided 
to  send  for  assistance  to  General 
1j8 wis  Wallace.  As  the  latter  had  been 
ordered  to  hold  tho  centre  at  nil 
hazards,  ho  sent  to  headquarters  for 
instructions.  Not  hearing  from  him, 
McOleniund  askod  again  for  imme- 
diate aid,  stating  that  his  flank  bad 
been  turned,  when,  in  the  absence  of 
General  Grant,  who  was  then  in  eon- 
forouco  with  Commandor  Foote,  Wal- 
lace took  the  responsibility  of  order- 
ing ahead  the  brigade  under  Colonel 
Oruft. 

Graft  was,  unfortunately,  guided  too 
far  to  tho  right  of  the  line,  wb.ee 
ho  came  upon  a  greatly  superior 
force,  which  had  just  left  a  ravine 
in  Oglesby's  rear,  Tina  force  he  en- 
gaged dolibemtoly,  but  could  not  oser- 
come.  Ho  was  soon  forced  back,  a? 
well  as  wero  tho  forces  under  W.  H. 
L.  Wallace.  McArthiir  and  Oglesby, 
when  Thayer's  brigade  ci.nie  up,  with 
Goneral  Wallace  himself  in  the  ad 
viinco.  This  brigade-  was  placed  bo 
Iweon  tho  retiring  troupa  and  the 
advancing  Confederates,  with  its  light 
urtillery,  under  Lieutenant  Wood,  in 
position  to  sweep  tlio  mad  ninny 
wluoh    tho   enemy    wan   approaching 


242 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CIVIL     WAR. 


24-3 


Clio  attack  soon  follo'.-oJ  upon  the  Federals,  tlio 
First  Nebraska  Regiment  bearing  its  brunt  for  a 
time;  but  after  an  active  encounter,  tlio  Confcd- 
fiiateo  were  compelled  to  retire. 

Soon  after,  General  Grant  ordered  an  advance 
upon  tlio  retiring  farce,  which  was  done,  with 
Culjnel  Morgan  L.  Smith's  Eighth  Missouri  and 
Colonel  George  McGinnis's  Eloventh  Indiana  in 
:ho  load,  and  Colonel  Boss's  two   Ohio  regiments 

While  these  regiments  were  marching  toward  the 
ridge  occupied  earlier  ia  the  day,  Oruft's  brigade 
was  being  taken  around  the  base  of'  the  hill  to 
engage  the  enemy's  ioft  flank,  which  it  did  success- 
frilly  by  the  time  the  ridge  had  been  reached.  The 
light  upon  the  hitter  was  especially  severe,  but  the 
position  was  finally  g.iined  and  held  during  the 
ensuing  night  while  the  enemy  remained  in  its 
earth  works. 

Tho  Confederate  right,  bad  at  the  same  time  been 
engaged  by  Smith's  forces.  The  assault  there  was 
led  by  the  Second  and  Seventh  Iowa  and  the 
Twenty-fifth  Indiana  Regiments,  under  cover  of 
Stoiie's  Missouri  Battery,  supported  by  tho  Fifty- 
sixth  Indiana,  Fourteenth  Iowa  and  Bergo's  Sharp- 
shooters. They  had  marched  with  General  Smith 
in  tho  immediate  advance,  receiving  the  galling  fire 
of  tho  Confederates  unflinchingly,  and  when  within 
proper  distance  bad,  without  firing  a  gun,  carried 
the  rifle-pits  with  the  bayonet.  Night  coming  on, 
they  had  been  unnblo  to  follow  np  the  advantage 
gained,  and  had  merely  icpt  their  position  in 
mticipation  of  another  fornard  movement  the  day 
following. 

That  same  night,  however,  tho  Confederate  gan- 
Brals  held  another  council  of  war,  at  which,  after  a 
ong  and  very  bitter  consultation,  it  was  decided  to 
^rive  up  all  further  contest.  Floyd  escaped  with 
some  of  his  men  on  board  a  steamer  at  Dover,  cm 
the  wny  to  Nashville,  and  was  followed  by  General 
i'illow,  who  fled  to  Columbia,  in  Middle  Tennessee. 
A-hile  General  Buckner  was  left  to  arrange  the 
terms  of  capitulation. 

On  Sunday  morning,  the  lGth  of  February,  as  tho 
Federals  were  preparing  to  follow  up  tho  successes 
of  tho  preview  day,  white  flags  were  seen  floating 
over  the  enemy's  works,  and  soon  after  the  uncon- 
ditional surrender  of  the  Confederates  was  ac- 
cepted. 

Tho  fort  was  immediately  occupied  by  tho  forces 
in  the  advance,  the  water  batteries  being  taken  pos- 
session of  by  troops  landed  from  the  Cumberland 
liiver.  The  capitulation  embraced  13,500  men  as 
j.risoners,  including  Generals  Buckner  and  John- 
son, 30,00(1  muskets,  3,000  horses,  17  heavy  gtms, 
fS  field-pieces,  and  a  largo  qnautity  of  military 

The  Federals  had  lost  446  killed,  1,745  wounded, 
and  a  few  prisoners,  who  had  already  been  taken 
across  the  Cumberland.  Tho  additional  losses  of 
flie  Confederates  were  237  killed  and  1,007 
wounded. 

Generals  Grant,  McClcmand  and  Wallace  were 
each  promoted  to  a.  major-generalship  in  recognition 
of  the  sen-ices  rendered  by  them  at  Fort  Donolsnn, 

HENKY  WAGER  HALLE0K. 
Eons  be  Wiilervillc,  Oneida  County,  K.T.,  January  10th, 
1815 ;  entered  the  Military  Acadcaqr  :it  WM  I'..ini.  gradual 
ing  July  l.u,  1K50,  a"  Eecond  licutcnut  '•(  eagfmetn  ;  became 
assistant-professor  of  engineering  .11  tin  iendemj  mail  June 
IW0,  and  for  nearly  a  year  afterward  was  assistant  to  :i 
boanl  n'.  engineer*  at  Washington,  D.  C.  (''ram  1K-11  In  18-1U 
lie'  wdh  mnde  nssfclunt  in  ehnrgu  of  Hie  CniiNtraelion  of  forti- 
■IcnlioiM  in  New  York  Harbor,  Win--  ateeiU  outj-  a  flhiirl  lime 
in  1843,  when  lie  was  scat  on  n  lour  of  cxiimlnniinu  of  tliu 
public  work"  in  Europe,  At  the  time  of  tlio  Mexican  War 
he  look  an  active  p:irt  In  tlio  military  nnd  civil  opcrotbins  of 
tlic  Government  on  the  Paelfle  Coast,  remaining  there  until 
ri"irly  the  dose  of  the  year  1850,  fie  was  llien  made  director- 
general  of  ihe  New  Alnuwlcn  Quicksilver  Slinc,  and  in  18.1-1 
"■■signed  from   the   army,  devoting   Jiiiiuiclf  mainly  lu   tin 

-  ..s  nuidc  a  major- 
general  of  tho  regular  army,  nnd  nwoynol  to  the  command  of 
the  Department  of  MW.url,  wideli  Intter  was  made  to  em- 
uracc  ni;ie  States  'sirly  In  W)2,  and  then  culled  (lie  Dinarl 
mat  <■  the  MIulHtppl.  lie  look  pcreonal  command  after 
tlio  Utt'jj  of  Hhllf.fi.  oeciinl,,!  fnrinlb  ami  noon  after  w.ia 
Wiled  lo  Wiuh.naloa  as  Genemi-hi-ehlef,  When  U.  B.  Grant 
"'k  mode  Lleutonont-gonorol,  Hsllcck  assumed  command  ".■ 
>"u  Department  of  theJame*,  April,  1HU5,  InAnjjUNtuf  that 
Jcarllewfm  traiirtf(-m:d  t.,  the  Puulflc  t:"(iBt,  uiiil  in  18,  Ho  roiioliod  Bowling 
Green  oi,  tlio  15th,  after  making  the  last  forty- two 
miles  ill  as  littla  oa  thirty-two  houra,  nnd  found  tho 
city  deserted,  nnd  both  of  tho  bridges  over  the  Big 
Barren  River  destroyed.  Nearly  half  a  million  dol- 
lars worlti  of  nrnporty  bad  boon  burned  by  tlio 
Rangers  belonging  to  Johnston's  retreating  force, 
while  all  tho  stores  and  provisiona  (bat  could  bn 
iciuuvcd  bad  been  taken  awav  to  NiibIi villi 


Un  Uiaovunl.  ^ot  Stinthy,  the  16th  of  I'ebruary 
Commodore  Foote  bad  caused  the  destruction,  bj 
tho  6't.  Louis,  of  tho  Tennessee  Iron  Works,  situ- 
ated nearly  seven  miles  above  Dover,  and  although 
suffering  greatly  from  the  wound  received  while 
engaging  Fort  Donelson,  he  had,  on  the  day  fol- 
lowing, himself  proceeded  from  Cairo  for  anotbei 
advance  up  the  Cumberland  River  with  tho  twe 
gunboats  Cairo  and  Conesloga.  On  the  59th  he  had 
reached  Clarksville,  Tonn.,  fifty  miles  to  the  north- 
west of  Nashville,  and  had  made  preparations  to 
attack  Forts  Lovicr  nnd  Clark,  defending  tho  town. 

These  bad  boon  abandoned,  however,  and  Foots 
entered  01  arks vi lie  the  following  day.  The  retreat- 
ing force  had  sot  fire  to  the  railroad  bridgs 
across  tho  Cumberland.  General  Charles  F.  Smith 
snon  after  occupied  Clarksville  with  a  strong  force, 
and  Foote  returned  to  Cairo  to  arrange  for  another 
expedition  against  Nashville,   the  capital    of  Tec- 

Tho  last  named  place  was  entered  on  Sunday, 
the  33d  of  February,  by  the  Fourth  Ohio  Cavalry, 
under  Colonel  Keniior,  and  belonging  to  General 
O.  M.  Mitchell's  division,  the  remainder  of  which 
latter  soon  after  encamped  at  Edgefield,  opposite 
the  City  of  Nashville,  pending  tho  arrival  of  Gen- 
eral Buell.  Ho  arrived  on  the  25th,  the  same  day 
that  Commodore  Footo  reached  it  with  tho  gunboat 
Conesioga.  Tho  latter  bad  been  taken  up  at 
Clarksville  to  convoy  the  transports  on  which  were 
tho  troops  commanded  by  Genera!  Nolson. 

On  the  36th,  Major  R.  B.  Cheatham  came  over 
to  Buell's  headquarters  at  Edgefield,  where  ho  made 
a  formal  surrender  of  the  City  of  Nashville,  and 
on  tho  38th,  the  Federal  banner  once  more  floated 
ov  -it  both  tho  City  Hall  and  the  State  Capitol. 

Before  abandoning  Nashville,  tho  Confederate 
General  Floyd  had  ordered  tho  destruction  of  its 
two  bridges  and  of  two  unfinished  gunboats,  as  well 
as  tho  dispersion  by  t-hB  mob  of  such  stores  and 
other  property  as  he  could  not  well  carry  away. 

As  tho  Governor  and  the  State  Legislature  had 
likewiso  gone,  it  wns  determined  with  General 
Grant,  wdio  arrived  on  tho  27th,  to  appoint  a  mili- 
tary governor,  who  should  administer  the  affaire  of 
the  Stato  under  martial  law,  with  tho  rank  of  briga- 
dier-general. Andrew  Johnson,  who  subsequently 
became  President  of  tho  United  States  at  the  death 
of  Lincoln,  was  appointed  to  fill  the  place. 

Immediately  On  the  return  of  Footo  from  Nash- 
ville tr  Cairo,  ho  organized  an  expedition  to  cap- 
turo  thd  town  of  Columbus,  Ky.,  situated  opposite 
Belmont,  against  which  General  II  rant  had  marched 
in  November,  1861. 

Tho  expedition  consisted  of  four  mortar-boats, 
under  Lieutenant  Commanding  Phelps,  and  the 
gunboats  Cincinnati,  St.  Louis,  Carondehl,  Lnuis- 
ville,  Pittsburg  nnd  Lexington,  commanded  by 
Captains  Davis,  Walko  and  Stemhol,  and  Lieu- 
tenants Commanding  Paulding,  Kirk  and  Thomp- 
son, besides  thrco  transports,  Aleck  Scott,  iilinais 
and  T.  L.  McGill,  with  about  3,000  men  under 
General  W.  T.  Sherman.  Tho  hrtter's  force  com- 
prised the  Twenty -seventh  Illinois  and  part  of  the 
Fifty-fourth  Ohio,  Seventy-fourth  Ohio,  and  of  tho 
Fifty-fifth  Illinois  Regiments,  General  Gcorgo  \V. 
Galium,  of  General  Halleck's  stuff,  accompanied 
tho  expedition, 

Ifc  left  Cairo  very  early  on  tho  4th  of  March,  and 
at  sunrise  it  was  close  by  its  destina- 
tion, roady  for  the  attack,  although 
information  had  been  received  to  tho  effect  that 
Columbus  was  abandoned.  Tho  Federal  flag  was 
seen  lloatiug  over  tho  fort,  but  to  make  sure  that 
no  deception  was  being  practiced,  Colonel  Buforc" 
wns  ordorod  to  take  a  detachment  of  tho  Twenty. 
seventh  Illinois  Rogimont  and  reconnoitre.  Thoy 
landed,  and  on  reaching  the  fort,  found  it  occupied 
Dy  soino  250  men  of  tho  Second  Illinois  Cavalry 
tindor  Lioutonant  Hogg,  which  bad  been  sout  out 
as  scouts  by  Goneiiil  Sherman  from  Pnducnh,  and 
who,  on  finding  tho  rduco  vacated,  had  occupied  it 
tho  previous  afternoon. 

Upon  tho  lovoe  was  found  a  very  largo  number  oi 
torpodoos.  anchors,  weights,  and  a  portion  of  the 
chain  which  hud  been  strotohed  across  tho  river, 
whilst  near  tlio  railway  that  had  boon  built  to  miss 
articles  up  tho  hill  stood  a  quantity  of  ordnance 
and  stores  ready  for  transportation. 

After  leaving  a  garrison  of  nearly  3.000  infar"T> 
and  100  cavalry,  ihe  flotilla  returned  to  its  plaoe  oJ 
denartnra. 


244 


THE     SOT.orER     IN     OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


DARING  L.vPLOlT  OF  COLORED  MEN 

IN  CHARLESTON  HARBOR. 
Router  Smat.i-s,  pilot ;  Jolin  Smalls  and  Alfred 
Gmdiiii',  engineers;  and  Abraham  Jackson,  G.i 
briol  Turny,  William  Morrison,  Samuel  Cliisliolm 
Abnuu  Allaton,  and  David  Jones,  of  the  crew  of 
tho  steamer  Planter,  taking  advantage  of  anight 
in  which  the  white  officers  were  on  shore,  quietly 
got  np  steam,  and  slipped  down  tho  harbor,  ironic-  * 
dintely  under  the  frowning  guns  of  Sumter.  As 
tliey  passed  the  fort,  day  had  just  dawned,  am] 
tbey  gave  the  usual  signals,  and  were  allowed  to 
pass.  When  out  of  range  of  the  gunstliey  hoisted 
a  white  flag,  and  steered  straight  for  the  TJnitcil 
States  steamer  Augusta,  on  blockade  duty,  and 
gave  up  their  prize  to  the  United  States  officers. 
Tho  PI an Ut  was  a  large  vessel  of  light  draught,  ami 
had  already  proved,  with  her  armament  of  sis  guns 
of  heavy  calibre,  a  troublesome  visitor  among  the 
blockading  squadron.  Commander  Parrot t,  of  tin.' 
Augusta,  forwarded  the  prize  to  Port  Royal,  with 
late  papers  from  Charleston  to  Commander  Dupout. 
and  on  receipt  of  the  vessel  and  in^irniation, 
Dnpont  made  a  report  to  the  Xavy  Department 
recounting  the  exploit  and  its  importance  to  the 
United  Sta'.cs  Government,  and  recommended  thai 
the  captors  be  suitably  rewarded,  either  under  the 


OF  THE    NTN'E  COLOBBD    UBS   WHO  CAPTURE- 
THB  CO.VFEDEBATB  STEAITEB   "PLANTER." 


-        claim  of  tho  steamer  as  a  prize,  or  in  s 


3  othe: 


N  \'yc 


On  Monday,  A I  ay  19th,  1803,  in  the  Uuitt-il 
Stilted  Senate,  a  li:ll  was  introduced  for  the  reliel 
of  Robert  Smalls  uud  others  (colored),  who  had 
recently  delivered  tho  steuuier  Planter  to  Commo- 
dore Du  pout's  squadron.  The  Bill  provided  that 
the  steamer,  with  her  armament,  cargo,  etc,  be 
appraised  by  a  competent  board  of  officers,  and  thai 
ono-hulf  the  valuo  thereof  should  go  to  Robert 
Smalls  and  his  associates,  who  ran  the  Plantei  ic( 
of  the  Harbor  of  Charleston,  and  providing  that 
the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  should  invest  the  sum 
in  United  States  stocks,  the  iuterest  to  be  paid  to 
Smalls  and  bis  associates  or  beire.  The  Bill  wai 
promptly  passed. 

The  pilot,  Bobert  Smalls,  at  once  joined  tho 
Fodoral  Army,  a*d  became  a  prominent  organizer 
of  the  colored  troops  at  Hilton  Head.  Ho  attained 
tho  :  riK  of  oolonel  in  the  Volunteer  Army,  and  at 
the  eloso  of  the  war  took  an  active  part  in  politics, 
becoming  n  loador  of  tho  freed  mon,  and  represented 
them  both  in  tho  Legislature  of  the  State  of  South 
Carolina  and  in  tho  Congress  of  the  United  States. 
On  Juno  3d,  1884,  ho  was  the  most  prominent  dele 
gate  from  South  Carolina  in  the  National  Repub- 
lican Convention  nssomblod  at  Chicago,  and  Ins  vote 
anil  voice  helped  toolovnto  nuothorofhiaowu  race 
John  It.  Lynch,  of  Mississippi,  to  tho  honorable 
positiou  of  Chairman  of  tho  Convention. 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


245 


BATTLE    BETWEEN    THE    "MERRIMACK" 

AND   THE  "  MONITOR." 

What  proves  to  have  beou  a  most  ext moid i nary 

end  a  decidedly  unique  naval  en  con  liter,  took  plueo 

in  Hampton  Honda,  on  the  8th  iind 

maiujcisk     Bt[i  o£  JIftrcIl 

At  that  rime,  tho  cilty  Federal  men-of-war  lying 
"11  the  Roads  wore  tho  steam-frigate  Roanoke,  flag- 
ship, JO  guns,  and  Minnesota,  -10  guns,  besides  the 
sailing-frigates  ConoresS,  50  guns  ;  (lie  Si.  Law- 
rence, 50  guns ;  and  tho  Cumberland,  34  guns.  In 
tlieir  immediate  vieinitv  stood  a  number  of  steam- 
tugs  and  transports. 

At  about  noon  on  Saturday,  tho  Stli  of  March, 
there  suddenly  appeared,  coming  down  the  Eliza- 
beth Rivor,  three  Confederate  vessels,  which  after- 
ward proved  to  bo  tho  Patrick  ITonrg,  0  guns,  and 
tho  Jamestown,  4  guns,  slightly  in  advance  of  an 
iron  ram  called  by  tho  Confederates  tho  Virginia, 
although  tho  stranger  was  the  result  of  a  t  runs  for- 
mation of  the  old  United  States  frigate  Merrimack, 
which  Lad  been  fired  and  sunk  in 
April,  1361,  and  was  afterward 
raised,  at  tho  Norfolk  Navy  Yard. 

It  bad  been  long  known  and 
often  bruited  Hint  the  Confederates 
were  fashioning  a  novel  and  for- 
midable engine  of  war,  which,  it 
was  intended,  should  possess  the 
requisite  appliances  for  overcoming 
and  destroying  any  known  vessel 
afloat.  After  repeated  delays,  the 
transformed  Merrimack  now  ap- 
peared in  the  shape  of  a  huge  float- 
ing battery,  with  a  long  projecting 
ram,  and  heavily  ironplntcd  through- 
out. She  was  propelled  by  two  en- 
gines, bad  large  furnaces  for  healing 
shot,  besides  an  apparatus  for  (brow- 
ing hot  water,  and  carried  eight 
80-pound    rilled    guns,    besides    two  ^^jfeSJgK 

guns  capable  of  throwing  a  120- 
ponnd  shell  or  a  100-pound  solid 
shot. 

The  Merrimack  first  attacked  tho 
Cumberland,  while  the  gunboats  en- 
gaged (be  Congress,  and  when  within 
an  eighth  of  a  mile,  fired  a  broad- 
side   into   her,  which    met  with  an 

earnest    res] so   from   tho   frigate, 

though  with  but  little  real  damage 
to  the  battery,  as  nearly  all  (be 
balls  glanced  oil  the  Merrimack's 
armor-plates. 

The  Cumberland  was  again  ap- 
pfoached,  and  at  a  distance  of  about 
twenty  yards  given  another  broad- 
side, which  killed  over  GO  of  her 
men.  The  Merrimack  (hen  retired 
a  short  distance,  and,  under  a  fall 
bead  of  steam,  drove  her  long  ram 
into  tho  side  of  the  frigate,  making 
a  large  opening  under  the  water- 
line.  She  then  bucked  again  and  repealed  tho 
operation  in  (he  waist  of  the  Cumberland,  causing 
tho  latter  to  sink  in  a  very  short  lime.  Such  as 
remained  of  her  officers  anil  crew,  about  150  out 
of  21H,  sought  escape  by  jumping  into  the  water, 
and  by  using  a  few  boats,  until  taken  by  the  pro- 
peller Wilden,  winch  General  Mansfield  had  sent 
from  Newport  News  to  their   rescue. 

After  disposing  of  the  Cumberland,  tho  Merri- 
mack engaged  the  wa(er  buttery  on  shore,  shelling 
the  Federal  camp  from  under  the  bluff  in  slid)  a 
way  that  the  gnus  in  the  huttory  could  not  he  used 
effectively  against  her.  She  then  approached  tho 
Congress,  which  the  gunboats  had  been  engaging, 
mid  poured  into  her  Buoh  a  destructive  lire  as  to  soon 
compel  the  hoisting  of  a  white  (big  by  Lieiitonunt 
Pciidcrgost.  The  latter  was  then  in  command,  by 
reason  of  the  death  of  Lieutenant  Joseph  1).  Smith, 
which  was  followed  by  that  of  Acting  Muster 
Moore  and  of  Pilot  Rhodes.  Tho  Jamestown  en  mo 
alongside  to  tako  off  Iho  prisoners  from  tho  Cun- 
Uress,  which  was  sot  on  firo  tho  sumo  evening,  and 
loinlly  destroyed. 

While  all  (Ins  was  going  on,  tho  other  Federal 
►esaoln  hud  been  ordorod  fnrwunl.  Tho  Roanoke, 
which  hud  long  been  lyiuu  off  Fortress  Monroe  wilh 
1  broken  shaft,  bad  two  Htoam-tuga  to  assist  her 
Eut:ni(i  into  position,  ana  woh  followod  by  tho  Min- 


nesota and  tho  St.  Lawrence.  While  passing  Sow-  ing  to  t'ae  toiescopic  -  slided  emokestaek,  and  a 
all's  Point,  however,  tho  Minnesota  was  fired  into  round  revolving  tower  twenty  feet  in  diameter.  The 
by  tho  shore  batteries,  one  of  tho  shots  damaging  whole  was  protected  by  a  thick  armor  of  iron  and 
(he  mainmast  seriously,  and  Eoon  got  aground  on  was  made  bombproof.  In  the  tower,  or  turret  as 
tho  Horseshoo  liar,  about  a  mile  and  a  half  from  it  is  called,  were  placed  two  eleven-inch  Duhlgren 
Newport  News.  There  she  was  attacked  by  the  gaus,  the  heaviest  that  bud,  up  to  that  time,  been 
Merrimack,  and   by  a  few  gunboats  that  hud  just     mounted  upon  any  vessel. 

come  up  from  the  .lames  River.  The  Monitor  was  ordered,  on  the  5th  of  March, 

The  Merrimack  could  not  upproach  the  Minne-  to  proceed  on  its  trial  trip  to  Fortress 

sofa  nearer  than  11  mile,  owing  to  tho  shallowness  of       '  '      Monroe,  and,  as  we  have  seen,  reached 

the  water,  but  the  gunboats  kept  up  a  lire  at  closo  the  latter  place  three  days  later,  being  towed  by  the 
quarters,  and.  while  they  caused  some  damage  on  Setb  Low,  and  having  encountered  rather  boisterous 
board  tho  frigate,  they  likewise  sustained  injury  weather.  She  was  in  command  of  Lieutenant 
from  its  heavy  guns,  one  of  Micro  having  finally  to  John  L.  Wordon,  United  Stutes  Navy,  who,  on  re- 
bc  towed  olT.  porting   lo  Flag-officer    Marston    and   to   General 

The  fight  lasted  till  dark,  when  the  Confederate  Wool,  was  ordered  (o  proceed  to  Newport  News 
vessels  retired  again  to  tho  mouth  of  the  Elizabeth  immediately  upon  receiving  an  additional  supply  of 
River,  ammunition.     Shortly  after  midnight   tho  Monitor 

The  St.  Lawrence-  had  approached  the  Minnesota    lay  close  by  tho  Minnesota. 
during  (he  fight,  and  hud  likewise  got  aground.         Before  sunrise,  on  Sunday,  the  9th  of  March,  tho 
She  hud  joined  in  (he  fray,  nevertheless  ;  but,  1111-    Merriinn'.k  and  her   consorts   appeared,    and    ad- 
fortunately  for  her,  a  shell  bad  passed  through  her    vanced  in  the  direction  of  the  grounded  Minnesota, 

but  when  she  had  come  wilbin 
about  three  miles  of  tho  attcr,  tho 
Monitor  placed  herself  between  the 
two,  compelling  tho  stoppage  of 
the  Confederate  battery. 

The  Merrimack  then  commenced 
firing  at  the  Monitor,  upon  whoso 
armor  but  one  of  her  many  heavy 
shots  made  any  impression.  Sho 
also  occasionally  fired  a  gun  at  tho 
Minnesota,  the  two  butlcries  all  (ho 
while  manoeuvring  for  position. 

The  fight  continued  in  this  way 
for  nearly  two  hours,  the  Monitor 
in  that  time  having  had  her  turret 
penetrated  half  way  through  by  a 
100- pound  Armstrong  solid  shot, 
and  having  meanwhile  hurled  her 
heavy  bolts  against  the  Merrimack, 
without  uny  apparent  damage,  even 
while  tho  lutter  was  temporarily 
aground. 

Tho     Confederate     battery,     not 
having  succeeded   in    disabling    the 
Monitor,  turned    her    whole    ntlon- 
tion    to    the  Minnesota,  which    had 
received    a    heavy    shot    near     the 
water-line.    As  sho  approached,  the 
frigate    sent   a    full    broadside    into 
her,    though   with    little  effect,  and 
received  in  return   two  heavy  shells 
in    quick    succession.     One    of    the 
shells     penetrated      through      four 
rooms,    oxpioding    two    charges    of 
powder   in    its   passage,    and    setting 
the  vessel  temporarily  on  fire.     The 
other  shell  barely  struck  tho  frigate, 
but   passed    through    and    exploded 
the  boiler  of  tho  steam-tug  Dragon, 
which  lay  alongside,   trying  to  pull 
the  Minnesota  off. 
As  tho  Merrimack  wns  abou  t  send- 
ing a  third  shell  in  the  samo  direction,  tho  Monitor 
approached  her,  compelling  a  ehaugo    of  position 
in    tho   engagement    that  was   again    renewed   be- 
tween tho  two  batteries,  and  warding  olt  repeated 
attempts  made  to  run  down  the  Minnesota.     Dur- 
ing the  munieuvres  that  followed,  the  Merrimack 
uould  not  bo  gotten  oft  until  about  ton  o'clock  in     01100  more  got  aground,  and  afforded  the  Monitor, 
the  evening.     Elforls  were,  at  the  same  timo,  mado     for  a  while,  a  good  opportunity  to  give   her  somo 


JOHN'    KlilCSSOfJ. 

side,  jus!  uhovo  (he  water-line,  and  hud  damaged 
hoi- so  seriously,  that  lugs  bad  lo  bo  culled  to  tow 
hor  i"  Fortress  Monroe. 

Tho  Roanoke  did  not  participate  in  the  engage- 
ment, as  she  groiK*..led  at  a  point  half  way  between 
Fortress  Monroo  and  Newport  News,  whonco  sho 


lo  got  oil  the  Minnesota,  but  unnvaiiingly. 

The  loss  of  (he  Federals  was  :>Al  killed,  drowned 
and  wounded,  as  against  a  total  of  only  17  on  tho 
side  of  the  Confederates. 

Anxiety  was  iiatu rally  great  on  all  sides  regarding 
the  immediate,  future,  uud  many  wero  tho  conjec- 
tures indulged  in  as  lo  what  the  Mi 
consorts  would  succeed  in  doing  t] 


Despondency,  which 

at  Iho  pros] 1-,  ■  if  n>i 

(ho  Federal  vessels,  u 
nine  o'clock  in  tho  c 
limiting  battery  was 
Monroe. 

This  battery,  mimed  tho  Monitor,  was  of  nu 
entirely  original  design,  nnd  hud  been  constructed, 
bv  order  of  (be  Federal  Uovorumont,  at  tho  Grcon- 
point  (N.Y.)  "Ooiitinoiilal  Works."  Hor  Hush 
dock  lay  but  a  few  moll 0B  ubuvo  tho  water,  and  boro 
nothing  upon  it  but  tho  whoolhotiao,  tho  low  cover- 


woll-dii'cctcd  shots,  which  doubtless  told  severely, 
as,  when  again  a  Hunt,  sho  only  mado  one  unsuccess- 
ful and  harmless  attempt  to  run  down  (he  Federal 
battery,  and  at  once  stnrled  off  for  Norfolk.  She 
wus  followed  in  this  direction  by  her  consorle, 
which  had  remained  passive  spectators  of  tho 
icX-and  her    whole  encounter. 

day.         The  engagement  hud  como  to  n 


1  end  wilh  a  Iojb 


lespmr,  on  tho  Confedorulo  sido  of  7  killed  and  ITwunided, 
,nd  possibly  rou oiling  including  among  (bo  latter,  C'uptain  l'uchi:nan  and 
ver,  relieved  at  about  Lieutenant  Minor,  of  tho  Merrimack  :  the  Fcdeials 
ilicn  John  Ericsson's  having  lest  on  board  Hie  Minnesota  -1  tilled  nnd  10 
pproaching    Fortross     wounded,  besides  a  number  on  Ihe  Dragon. 

There  were  no  casualties  on  board  tho  Monitor, 
with  tho  exception  of  three  inon  stunned  by  con- 
cussion, when  the  turret  wus  once  fairly  struck,  and 
tho  injury  lo  tho  eyes  of  Lion  tenant  Wordon,  who 
was  for  awhilo  blinded  fioin  tho  effects  of  commit 
or  jiowder  having  en teivd  his  eyes  while  wutohinj;  "' 
the  peopholo  in  the  pilot-house, 


NAVAL    BATTLE    BETWEEN    THE    CONFEDERATE    VESSELS    "MERRIMACK,"    "YUKKTOWN"   AND    "  JAMESTOWN,1 

AND    VICTORY    FOR    TIIK   CO] 


WUlli'    BETWEEN    'A'liE    "  UU*  ITOil "    (TWO    UUNti)    AND    'ME    CONFEDERATE    RAM    "MERRLVACK'    AND    GUNBOATS  " 

AND    RESCUE    OF    THE    UNITED    ST 


NAVAL    BATTLE    BEIWJ3BN 


tflUlil'   lUSTWEitfi    Tili*    "UUMTOK"   (TWO    UUKS)    AND   THE    tOM'tDUUTE    RaM    ••  MT.RRUIAL'K '    AM)    GUNBOATS  " '■  (Kin\\  \  ■■    Asn    ■•  J.WIKSTuU'N,"  CARRYING    TWKNTY-FOUR    fJCTNS. - DEFEAT   "**  THE    CONEEDEBATK   BAM    AND    OUN30ATU 

AXD    RESOOB    OK   TEE    UNITED    SO.  ■"   STfciliEH,    " MINNESOTA,"  liMll'tvH    ROADS,   VA.,   Ma"i:m   ^j,  isaa. 


24# 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CIVIL    WAR. 


ujsd  ok  iua  "iiuMiuii"  in  a 


flFKORTS  TO  UliSCDt:  TUB  ORHW 


THE    SOLDIER     Iff    CUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


249 


During  the  two-day b  fight,  the  Minnesota  used 
282  shells  and  247  solid  shot,  while  the  Monitor 
flred  41  shots  from  her  two  pins,  and  was  struck 
twenty-two  times.  The  injuries  to  the  Merrimack 
;onld  not  be  ascertained. 

The  Minnesota  was  got  afloat  at  about  two  o'clock 
Monday  morning,  with  the  aid  of  soveral  tngs  nnd 
after  throwing  ell  but  eleven  of  her  serviceable 
puns  overboard.  She  was  a.  oiire  taken  to  Fort- 
ress Monroe. 

The  Munitot  .emained  in  D  "mpton  Roads,  watch- 
ing for  the  reappearance  of  the  Merrimack  from 
■  ha  Ebwibeth  River.  Only  once,  however,  on  tho 
11th  of  April,  1B62,  did  she  nnnear,  and  succeeded 
in  capturing  three  temporarily  unguarded  FedcnU 
transports  before  tho  Monitor  could  reach  her. 
The  subsequent  forced  abandonment  of  Norfolk 
compelled  the  evacuation  of  tho  Confederate  posi- 
tions at  Sewalls  Point  and  at  Cmney  Island,  and 
on  the  11th.  of  May,  1SG3,  the  Merrimack  was  blown 
mi,  to  prevent  her  falling  into  tho  hands  of  the 
Federals. 

On  the  Id  Hi  of  May,  the  Monitor  was  one  of  five 
sesaeln  taken  by  Commander  Rogers  up  the  .Limes 
River,  with  tho  view  of  attacking  Richmond,  and 
which  were  compelled  to  fall  hack  by  tho  obstruc- 
tions placed  in  tho  chnunil  at  Prewry's  Bluff,  under 
protection  of  Fort  Darling,  whoso  full  lire  they 
encountered.  She  wes  then  in  command  of  Lieu- 
tenant William  N.  Jeffers,  who  had  succeeded 
Lieutenant  Worden  when  the  latter  was  disabled, 
and  who  had  seen  active  sen-ice  in  the  Pacific  and 
during  tho  Mexican  War,  besides  taking  part  in 
the  Japan  expedition  The  Monitor  then  remained 
,it  and  near  Hampton  Roads  for  its  additional  pro- 
tection, until  the  end  of  the  year,  when  she  was 
ordered  to  proceed  to  Beaufort,  S.  C,  and  loft  on 
?he  29th  of  December,  18G2,  in  tow  of  tho  steamer 
Rhode  Island. 

On  tho  31st  of  December  a  heavy  gale  sprang 
up,  and  soon  increased  in  such  intensity  that  it 
was  deemed  best  to  take  off  tho  crew  in  tho  boats 
of  the  Rhode  Island.  Nearly  all  tho  men  wore 
taken  off  with  the  greatest  difficulty,  Commander 
Bankhead  being  the  last  to  leave  tho  battery. 
The  latter  was  last  seen  at  midnight,  when  she 
•nust  have  foundered,  carrying  down  with  her 
twelve  men,  wliOj  from  excessive  tear,  could  not  bo 
induced  to  aiakc  the  hazardous  attempt  of  lea-Ting 
lie  turret  to  enter  tho  boats. 


11  lire  Southern  rebellion  tlint  the  I 


■  ■IK-    till-     lil- 

n.  In,  I  nil  I  y  tho 


JOHN  IORIMEB  WORDE1T. 


-Ihls  .\ 


s  of  tho 
1..1 1 1 


JOHN  ERICSSON. 
Boas  a'.  Wcrmelnnd.  Sweden,  July  Slul.  1803.  Afl  a  boj 
be  showed  gi-nius  for  invention.  Al  eleven  years  of  age  \\: 
was  appointed  a  cadet  ia  Ihis  Swedish  Engineer  Corps,  where 
he  stum  rose  to  a  lieutenancy  Fie  was  engaged  on  ncverul 
public  works  In  his  own  country,  and  in  t830  entered  tiio 
Swedish  army  as  ensign.  While  in  the  Bcrvice.  In  1838,  lie 
invcnlcd  a  "  flame-eceioe,"  Which  be  was  given  leave  lo  lake 
to  England,  in  order  lo  try  and  introduce  it  Ihcrc  In  Ibis 
ulcrririse  he  did  not  succeed,  and  encountered  heavy  ex- 
penditures, which  induced  him  to  retire  from  the  service  aad 
to  devote  his  time  exclusively  to  1 11  eel) antral  pursuits.  One 
of  the  successful  results  of  lilt  elloru  was  the  application 
a  artificial  draft  to  steam  boilers,  introduced  on  the  Liv- 
erpool and  Manchester  Railway,  In  England,  null  tlte  uso 
of  which  ha*  "inre  become  universal.  He  Invented  Ibo  screw 
is  11  means  of  propulsion  in  steamers,  anil  made  liiat  new 
arcingeinen:  in  Bhips-of-war  which  planes  tho  machinery 
bc-lnw  the  Wuler- line,  linn  r.v^liiiii.ui/in^  llie  navies  of  the 
vorld.    The  Invention  be  offered  to  the  Dritish  Admiralty. 

:'    Li.l    -111..  Miliui;    in    IlilillL'  it  Jlli,i[i\rlnci[ilo  rejeetid  In-  llto  Brlll-li 
Admiralty.  She  was  the  First  ibip-of-war  built  with  llie  pro- 
oclllng  machinery  below  the  water-line.  In  ldGB,  lie  so  per 
tried  the  caloric  engine1  ivliicli  lie  linrl  iu vented  iiiinleeu 
years  before,  that  tie  nucccid'il  in  |in.|><  Mini:  Willi  it  llie 
steamer  Brtemm,  which  made  her  tlrnl  trip  In  1853.  In  1801, 
lie  pmp'rijl  to  the  United  Slates  Ooventrnent  (lie  building  of 
mi  iron  steam   floating  battery  upon  an  entirely  novel  ninl 

unprecedented  plan,  1  olit.iiin-d  the  cull  r;ict  for  one  to  be 

launched  In  n  hundred  days  The  buttery  was  lo  bo  bull! 
entirely  at  Eric-won's  olpeiiHU,  and  to  be  accepted  only  after 
proof  of  it*  ellicncy.  It  was  liuilt  accordingly,  will)  tho  aid 
"I  pu  bl  Ic-B  pi  riled  men  In  Troy  and  New  Haven,  ami  on  Ihu 
Bib  of  March,  1802,  It  appeared  in  Hampton  Road",  succeed- 
ing In  a  few  hours,  under  Mm  command  of  Lleulelinnl  J.  L-. 
Worden,  hi  disabling  and  forcing  bach  the-  Confederate  rani 
tttnimask,  which  was  five  times  tier  size,  and  laid  an  arma- 
ment four  rimes  (muter  than  bur  own.  Brlnwon  mimeu  the 
Littery,  M  itnln-j  mlvi"iiig  Captain 
Adams  of  tho  Siii'rw  bow  he  was  in  l>c  reinforced,  He  took 
the  land  mule,  and  fearing  arrest,  destroyed  the  dbnatchm, 
WLjo  he  reached  .Moulgomeiy,  be  mi:  stoppud  and  searched. 


WILLIAM    N.  JEI'FF.nS. 

but  no  papon  being  fount!  apnn  hint,  ho  was  (riven  b)  tioiv 
eral  llragg  a  puss  allowing  him  I"  visit  Captain  Adams,  lo 
whom  bo  gave  from  memory  Ibo  unnlcnis  of  tho  dispatches, 
Tho  reinforeemeiils  rescind  their  deSlitinllOIl,  anil  Upon  his 
return  lo  I'enwicoln  be  was  arrested  and  rotillneil  us  a  [iris 
oner  of  war  until  iixohiiuged  in  November,  IH0>. 


In  March.  1803.  he  was  given  the  command  of  thci/™rft" 
in  which  his  heroic  nnd  skillful  conduct  during  her  notable 
engagement  with  tin;  Confederate  nun  ifr-rrimn/k  gained  him 
u  world-wide  rcpiilntion.  Toward  the  close  of  llie  action  hii 
eyes  were  seriously  injured  by  tho  explosion  of  a  shell  agninsi 
the  pilot-house  of  Iho  ihnitvr,  causing  nearly  tolal  hiinduea 
for  a  long  period  ;ifierward. 

A  few  days  afler  Iho  cngBgernonl  President  Lincoln  called 
upon  Cnmmandi  r  W  firib-n  in  Wiisliingli-iii,  and  found  bin 
lying  in  boil  nltenik-il  by  Mrs.  Worden,  and  with  his  eyes 
closely  bnnd aged.  As  Lincoln  sat  beside  Worden,  the  latter 
exclaimed:  "Mr.  President,  you  do  nic  great  honorl"  l< 
which  Lincoln  replied:  "No,  sir,  no,  sir;  it  li  you  wbt 
do  mc  honor,  am]  confer  honor  on  tho  country." 

For  his  services  lie  received  the  thanks  of  the  United  State 
Congress  and  of  the  New  York  Chamber  of  Commerce. 


TIIE  BATTLE  OF  PEA  RIDGE- ELK  HORN 

Whilk  'he  forces  under  General  Grant  and  Com- 
mander Footo  were  operating  against  Fort  Henrj 
and  Fort  Donelson,  the  army  which  had  licet.' 
placed  in  charge  of  G.-neral  Samuel  R.  Curtis  was 
actively  on  its  way  southward  from  Springfield, 
Mo.,  which  had  hecn  again  occupied  by  the  Fed 
erala  late  on  the  13th  of  February,  in  hopes  a, 
meeting  Price's  forces. 

Curtis  hud  hud  running  fights  with  the  enemy 
anil  captured  on  tho  way  a  large  number  of  recruits 
intended  for  Price's  army,  among  these  being  the 
hitter's  son,  Edward  Price,  who  had  recently  beer 
promoted  to  a  brigadier-generalship. 

On  tho  aotii  of  February,  Curtis  had  ordered 
forward  two  regiments  of  infantry  under  Lieu- 
tenant-colonels Herron  nnd  Phelps,  Captain  Hay- 
den's  buttery  of  artillery,  and  four  detachment: 
of  cavalry  under  Coicmul  Ellis  and  Majors  Bolivar. 
McConnell  and  Wright,  to  attack  a  brigade  of  Con 
fedcrato  troops  at  Cros3  Holloas  under  the  com- 
mand of  Ooloncl  Hubert,  which  ho  defeated,  aftci 
losing  nineteen  killed  and  wounded.  He  had  sub- 
sequently pushed  on  as  far  ns  Fuyettcvillc,  which 
the  Confederates  had  left  burning  before  crossing 
over  the  Boston  Mountains,  and  there  remained 
subsisting  all  along  on  the  enemy,  until  the  1st  o'. 
March,  when,  learning  that  Price  was  being  strongly 
reinforced,  he  first  fell  back  to  Sugai 
Creek,  close  by  Bentonville,  and,  later 
on,  to  ,1  place  near  Mottsvillo,  south  of  Pea  Ridge. 

Genera]  Curtis's  army  then  consisted  of  four 
divisions.  Tho  First  and  Second  Divisions,  under 
G eno.nl  Fnma  Sigel,  embraced  three  brigades  in 
tho  First  Division,  commanded  by  Colonels  Peler 
J.  Csterhaus,  Nicholas  Grouse,  and  Coler;  and 
two  brigades  in  tho  Second  Division,  commanded 
by  Colonel  A.  Asboth,  who  had  under  him  Col- 
oneh  Fredorick  Schncffer  and  Joliet.  These  two 
divisions  included  part  of  tho  Third  Missouri  anil 
tho  Second,  Twelfth,  Fifteenth  and  Seventeenth 
Missouri ;  tho  Twenty-fifth.  Thirty-sixth  end  Forty- 
fourth  Illinois  Infantry  Regiments;  the  Sixth  Mis- 
souri, and  part  of  tho  Third  nnd  Fourth  Missouri 
Cavalry;  the  Benton  and  tho  Fremont  Hussars;  part 
of  tho  Thirty- ninth  Illinois  Cavalry,  and  twenty- 
four  pieces  of  artillery.  Tho  Third  Division,  undei 
Colonel  Jefferson  0.  Davis,  embraced  two  brigades, 
commanded  by  Colonels  Benton  and  Julius  White, 
nnd  included  tho  Eighth,  Eighteenth  and  Twenty- 
second  Indiana,  tho  Ninth  Missouri  nnd  the  Thirty 
seventh  Illinois  Regiments  of  Infantry,  tho  First 
Missouri  Cavalry  and  tho  First  Indiana  4111]  Second 
Illinois  Batteries  uf  Artillery,  ton  guns.  The  Fourth 
Divines,  under  Colonel  Eugene  A.  Cavr,  embraced 

two  brigades,  I amlid  by  Colonels  Gronvillo  M. 

Dodge  and  William  Vnndover,  and  included  the 
Fonrth  and  Ninth  Iowa.  Thirty-fifth  Illinois,  and 
tbu  Twenty-fifth  Missouri  Regiments  of  Infantry, 
Iho  Third  Illinois  Cavalry,  nnd  tho  First  and  Third 
Iowa  Batteries  of  Artillery,  ten  guns.  Besides  the 
above,  wore  tho  following  not  brigaded :  The 
Twenty -fonrth  and  part  of  tho  Third  Missonn 
Infantry,  tho  Third  Iowa  Cavalry,  Bo  wen's  bat- 
talion of  Missouri  Cavalry,  and  Captain  Stevens' 
battery  of  four  gnus. 

General  Price's  army  had  been  strengthened  b\ 
General  Hon  MoCnlloeh's  force,  of  both  of  whicli 
tho  ohiof  command  was  taken  by  G  on  eral  Earl  Vui 
Dorn,  who,  on  tho  30th  of  January,  had  been  ap- 
pointed Oom.mn.nder  of  tho  "."-nils-Mississippi  Du- 
pnrtmont,  comprising  tho  States  of  Arkansas, 
Missouri  and  Louisiana  as  far  south  as  tho  fled 
River  and  tho  Indian  Territory  west  of  Arkansas. 
To  thoso  forces  wore  afterward  added  Iho  Wcy 
bodies  of  Indium  under  General  Albert  Pike 


2.50 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CW1L     WAR. 


wt    il"i  • 


THE    SOLDIER     /A     OUR     CIVIL     WAk. 


fhe  total  Confederate  force  waa 

about  35,000,  And  that  of  tbe  Fed- 
erals nearly  11,0(10  men. 

General  Van  Dorn,  accompanied 
oy  Generals  Price,  MeCulloeh,  Piko 
and  Mcintosh,  began  his  ndvanco  on 
the  morning  of  the  6th  of  March 
toward  tho  position  hold  by  Sigol'a 
divisions,  then  near  Bentonville.. 
halting  that  night  at  Cross  Hol- 
lows, about  twelve  miles  from  Sugar 
Creek.  When  Sigel  became  aware 
of  the  perilous  condition  of  his 
force,  both  by  scents  and  by  a  mes- 
sage from  General  Curtis,  he  sent 
his  cavalry  to  Osage  Springs,  in 
order  to  cover  his  right  flank,  and, 
(paring  tho  Thirty-sixth  Illinois  and 
part  of  the  Second  Missouri  at  Ben- 
innville  ns  a  rear  guard,  ho  dis- 
patched his  train  forward  to  join 
tho  main  army  at  Sugar  Creek. 

The  misunderstanding  of  an  order 
l>y  Colonel  Schaeffer  came  near,  how- 
over,  proving  disastrous  to  the  Fed- 
erals. He  bud  also  marched  forward, 
leaving  behind  some  000  mon  and 
Ave  pieces  of  artillery,  which  were 
shortly  after  surrounded  by  a  bat- 
talion of  Louisiana  infantry  and 
some  cavalry,  by  whom  they  would 
have  been  captured,  had  it  not  been 
that  Sigel  was  within  easy  reach, 
and  at  once  so  skillfully  handled 
(he  rear  gu  d,  ns  to  repel  tho  at- 
tacks made  upon  it,  both  from  the 
rear  and  on  its  two  flanks.  Sigcl's 
force  cnt  its  way  through  finally, 
and  bravely  fell  back,  contesting 
every  inch  of  the  road,  until  joined  by  a  detach 


*5* 

lost,  and  which,  they  trained  or.ee 
more  upon  the  enemy,  at  last  com- 
pelling its  flight,  with  quite  a  severe 
lnsa,  including  Generals  McCnlloch 
and  Mcintosh,  and  Colonel  Hubert, 
who  were  left  on  the  field,  mortally 
wounded. 

Tho  Confederates  tried  to  reform, 
but  by  the  time  thoy  were  ready  foi 
an  advance  they  wero  met  by  a  force 
under  Sigel,  which  had  arrived  with 
two  batteries,  anil  these,  being  well 
posted,  did  such  effective  work  as  tc 
compel  the  enemy  to  once  more  fall 
back  in  dismay  toward  the  position 
held  by  Genoral  Price. 

Hero  tho  engagement  had  been 
going  on  steadily,  Price  being  deter- 
mined, apparently,  to  carry  tbe 
ground  at  all  cost.  Regiment  after 
regiment  waa  hurled  against  Carr's 
force,  until  it  bed  to  yield,  losing 
one  of  its  guns.  Reinforcements 
had  been  asked  for,  but  did  not 
come  up.  Carr  was  wounded  in 
three  places,  and  ammunition  waa 
running  short.  Discouragement  was 
becoming  apparent.  Finally  Curtis 
sent,  under  Major  Bowen,  hie  body- 
guard of  cavalry  and  a  small  how- 
itzer, all  lie  conld  spare. 

Carr  felt  that  a  supreme  effort 
must  now  bo  made,  and  advancing 
along  tbe  line,  bareheaded,  covered 
with  blood,  and  one  arm  in  a  sling, 
cried  out:  "One  more  struggle; 
boys,  and  the  day  is  ours !  Sigel 
v,  coming  up  to  reinforce  you."  At 
this    the    men    advanced    with    the 


Davis,  who,  with  White's  brigade,  came    up,  and  bayonet,  and  pressed  ahead  quickly,  soon  recover- 

ment  sent  out  by  General  Curtis,  when  tho  pursuit  engaged  the  forces  under  MeCulloeh,  Mcintosh  and  ing  the  field  they  had  abandoned,  and  maintain- 

was  ended.     Tho  Federal  loss  was  38  killed  and  Pike.     Hero   the   battle   raged    fiercely,  each   sido  ing  it,  under  cover  of  Asboth  s  guns,  although  the 

wounded,  and   nearly  60   prisoners.  General   Sigel  alternately  advancing  and  retreating,  until,  finally,  latter  shortly  became   useless  for  want  of  nmmu- 

liiniself  at  ouo  time  having  barely  escaped  capture,  it  seemed   impossible  for  the  Federals  longer   to  litiou. 

The  battle  of  Pea  Ridge,  or  Elk  Horn,  as  it  was  withstand    the    fresh    reinforcements    contiunally  Night  put  an  end  to  any  further   active  work, 

called  by  tho  Confederates,  commenced  on  Friday  reaching  tho  Confederates.  and  tbe  wearied   troops    slept    on    their  arms,  in 

morning,  tho  7th  of  March.     Price's  force  was  then  Tho    Eighteenth    Indiana    Regiment,    however,  anticipation  of   perhaps  a  still   more   serious  en- 

f'mnd   to  be  on   the  main  road,  near  Elk   Horn  coming  up  and  engaging   both    tho   Indians   and  gugerncnt  the  following  day. 

Tavern,  north  of  Curtis's  camp;  MeCulloeh  and  Texans  with   tho    bayonst,  inspired    the  Federals  Saturday  morning  found  tho  lines  changed  once 

Mcintosh  were  confronting  Sigel  and  Ostcrhans,  on  with  renewed  courage.     They  made    another  ad-  more.     General  Davis  had  tho  right,  Sigel  the  left. 

Curtis's  right.  Van  Dorn's  headquarters  facing  tho  vnnce,  and  forced  back  tho  opposing  force,  recap-  and  Carr  the  centre.     The  battle  was  opened  by 

divisions  under  Asboth,  Carr  aud  Davis:  and  Gen-  tni!;i£   the   two   guns  which    they  had    previously  Davis's  brigades,  well  supported  by  artillery,  and  at 


end  Pike's  force  had  been  sent  further 
•.o  the  right,  mainly  to  divert  atten- 
tion fro"j  the  intended  attaek  in  Cur- 
tis s  rear. 

General  Curtis  was  thus  forced  te 
change  hi3  line  of  battle.  He  placed 
"•igel  and  Asboth  on  the  left,  Carr  and 
Osterhaus  on  tho  right,  and  Davie  in 
'he  centre,  the  lino  extending  about 
three  and  a  half  miles  from  Sugar 
Creek  to  Elk  Horn  Tavern,  aud  leav- 
ing between  the  contending  forces  a 
'leop  ravine  called  Cross  Timber  Hoi- 
low. 

Tho  Twenty -fourth  Missouri  wot 
the  first  attacked,  near  Elk  Horn 
Tavern,  and  Cclonel  Carr  immediately 
went  to  its  relief,  bringing  on  n  gen- 
eral engagement.  Oritcrhaiis  was  sent 
with  part  of  the  Third  Iowa  Cavalry, 
Hie  Twenty-second  Indiana  Infuntry, 
the  First  Missouri  Cavalry. and  David- 
son's Peoria  Battery  of  three  guns,  to 
ittarJt  what  was  believed  to  he  a  small 
nody  of  Confederates  in  tho  direction 

"f     Li-  -In  .VII. 

The  cavalry  and  tho  battery  wro 
"uut  ahead,  and  had  apparently  dis- 
persed them,  but  when  tho  remainder 
"f  the  Federals  hail  como  up,  tho 
Kinds  wore  found  to  ho  full  of  Con- 
federates, who  fell  upon  tho  advanc- 
ng  force,  and  made  anch  a  fiorco 
onslaught  upon  it,  that  it  was  broken 
fwundcr  and  almost  swept  from  tho 
neld,  with  tho  loss  of  two  of  its  guns. 

Its  total  ront  must,  nndor  tho  cir- 
cumstances, have  been  tho  result  of 
ft"  ndmi.ablo  trap  set  for  if  but  for 
^  timely  succor  given  it  by  Goner*. 


M. _.'.,.  :-  li.KL, 


became  very  active  on  both 
sides.  In  addition,  there  was  con- 
centrated upon  tho  Confederates  the 
fire  of  two  Iowa  batteries,  while  Sigei 
was  preparing  to  carry  out  tbe  most 
important  part  of  the  intended  ope- 
rations. 

At  last,  after  tho  artillery  had  done 
its  allotted  work,  tho  left  wing  ad- 
vanced np  the  hills,  while  Davis 
pushed  on  also  vigorously,  and  turn- 
ing the  Confederate  left,  exposed  if 
to  an  enfilading  firo  from  the  nriil- 
lery,  which  seemed  to  carry  all  before 
it.  Both  of  tho  Confederate  flank f 
wcrc  soon  enveloped,  and  a  cIiiiijji 
with  the  bayonet  was  ordered. 

Position  after  position  was  taken, 
the  Twelfth  Uireouri  and  tho  Thirty- 
sixth  Illinois  Regiments  especially 
distinguishing  them  solves,  and  within 
(wo  hours  the  Confederates  wero  in 
flight  along  the  v,  hole  line.  A* on 
Horn's  army  faking  a  southern  direc- 
tion, while  Price's  n:ade  iff  way  to- 
wurd  Keitsvillo,  followed  closely  bv 
Sigol'a  forces. 

The  Federal  loss  in  killed,  wounded 
and  missing  was  1,384,  of  which  1,020 
belonged  to  Davis's  Mid  Carr's  divi- 
sions. Tho  Confederates  lost  2,000 
in  killed,  wonuded  and  prisoners. 

Among  the  missing  Federals  was 
Lieutenant-colonel  F.  J,  Hermit,  who 
commanded  tho  Ninth  Iowa  while 
its  Colonel,  William  Vaiidi'ver,  headed 
olio  of  Carr's  brigades.  During  tho 
second  day's  fight,  while  leading  a 
charge,  bis  horso  was  shot  under  him 
liv  a.  cannon-ball,  which  at  tho  earna 


^>~-J 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CIVIL     WAR. 


UNITED   STATES   TKAHSPOHT   "  \V.  B.  TEUUY"    PUSHINO    HER   WAY   THROtTOH   THE   SWASH'S   AT   ISLA.1D   iN'J.  10 
TU   THE   ASSISTANCE   OP   GENERAL   POPE   AT   NEW   MAIHflh 


HE    SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CIVIL.     "*: 


*53 


ottiu  iirofce  odo  of  nis  ankles.  He  remained,  never- 
theless, nt  the  front,  and  while  iu  the  net  of  cheer- 
ing his  met),  suddenly  found  himself  attacked  by 
n  large  Confederate  force  by  which  he  was  made  a 
prisoner. 

FRANZ  SIGEL. 

Bom  si  Bmhdm,   in   Bnnirin.   November   18th,   1B34; 

received  hia  education  at  (be  military  school  of  Carlaruho; 

entered  the  army  of  the.  Grand  Duke  of  Baden,  in  which  hi* 
promotion  was  so  rapid,  tlmt  In  1847  he  had  attained  thomuk 
of  chief  adjuiant ;  resigned  from  the  army,  nod  took  pari  in 
ice  revolutionary  movement  of  1848,  being  Boon  uppoinlcd  to 
Ihc  chief  command  of  one  of  Urn  aniues  of  the  Liberals,  and 
tecoraing  Minister  of  War  on  the  1st  of  Juno  of  the  last- 
named  year.  He  took  iiart  in  Itiu  unsuccessful  campaign 
•gainst  the  Prussians,  and  greatly  distinguished  himself  in 
many  engugoments,  having,  in  quo  instance,  liut  80,000  troops 
opposed  (o  nearly  BO.OOO,  mid  succeeding  in  effecting  a  retreat 
without  the  loss  of  men  or  artillery.  He  withdraw  to  Swit- 
zerland, aud  run  limd  (I"  i>  until  i  \pilh-d  liy  l He  Swiss  Gov- 
ernment, when  lie  e*M  to  ihe  I'nitid  Bhta  Ho  was  for  a 
few  years  lurcher  of  ranlhemnlics  in  c  New  York  academy, 


■   :,■ 


■i   cnllr-J 


lVh-Ti'  ]] 


branches.  In  1801  he  nhandoucd  wailemic  life,  and  look 
command  of  Mio  Germans  ia  Si.  Louis  who  had  tendered 

their  serviiiis  !o  lliu  tVli'ftd  Gnv" lit,  U-ini:  thin  mud'1 

colonel  of  the  Third  Missouri  Volunteers.  He  rook  part  in 
the  capture  of  Camp  ,I;i<  k-.ni,  :md  in  the  Initios  of  Carthage 
nod  Wilson's  Creek ;  conducted  the  retreat  from  Springfield 
to  Holla,  and  was  eotnmi-.-i..ind  a  brlgnuli x-pmonil  io  dale 
from  Hay  ITth,  INJI.  Dacaawi  HhM  ■  division  under  Fre- 
mont ia  Soiiiln  m  UTI wrl,  oad  tt.uk  ptainfncnt  part  at  the 
Liattle  of  Pm  Ki.l^  .  in  M.n-  ■  1801  He  reigned  from  the 
-Tny  two  months  Inter,  in  wnscqmmco  of  unpleasant  rela- 
tions with  Major- general  Hallnk.  hut  was  afterward  sum- 
moned to  Washington,  liuide  a  major-general  Io  dale  from 
March  21st,  1802,  aiid  placed  iu  charge  of  the  troops  at  Har- 
per's Ferry,  Juno  2d,  18S3.  He  succeeded  lo  Ibe  command 
■if  General  Fremont's  army  i-.irp=,  .lime  20th;  served  under 
Pope  in  Virginia :  took  part   ia  Ihc  sccmid  baitlu  of  Bull 


CAPTURE  OF  NEW  MADP.ID  AND  0* 

ISLAND   NO.  10. 

General  LTalt.hok's  plana  for  tlie  rniohstrnciod 

"  of  tho    Mississippi    Iiiver  could    not,  cf 

be  carried  out,  so  long  as  the  Confederates 

were  allowed  a  stand  at  Now  Mad.d  and  at  Island 

Kb.  10. 

The  garrison  at  Now  Madrid  had  been  strength- 
ened by  tho  forcd  previously  guarding  Columbus, 
and  wiu  in  clmrgo  of  General  J  P.  McCown,  while 
that  at  Island  No.  10  was  commanded  by  General 
Beauregard,  who  had  just  been  placed  at  the  head 
t;tl 
of  51  killed  and  wounded.  The  lenses  of  the  Con- 
federate* could  not  be  ascertained. 

"While  Pope's  fo-ccs  were  taking  possession  of 
New  Madrid,  Commodore  Foote  was  on  his  way 
from    Cairo  with  a   licet   of    eight   gunboats,  ten 


On  the  way  down  the  river,  the  town  of  II  ickninn 
was  quietly  taken  possession  of,  and,  on  the  loth, 
the  licet  anchored  within  live  miles  of  Island  No. 
If),  where  it  was  joined  by  two  steam-transports 
conveying  tho  Sixteenth  and  the  Forty-second  Illi- 
nois Regiments,  and  two  batteries  of  light  artillery. 

Iteconnoissanees  wore  immediately  made  in  all 
directions,  and  on  Sunday,  the  ll'.tb  of  March, 
Commodore  Foote  was  ready  to  open  firo  on  tho 
Confederate  works. 

These  had  been  rendered  almost,  impregnable  to 
assault  by  one  soricB  of  batteries  supported  by 
another,  and  In  all  of  which  wore  mounted  guns  of 
tho  heaviest  calibre  which  boro  in  every  direction 
whence  an  advance  was  likely  to  he  attempted. 
Tho  great  engineering  skill  of   tho  commanding 


was  kopt  up  incessantly,  and  one  might  Say  fiercely, 
until  about  half-past  four  o'clock  in  tho  afternoon, 
without  eliciting  any  reply  from  the  Confederates, 
and  without  creating  any  apparent  damage. 

Just  before  five  o'clock,  Lieutenant  Keith's 
Second  Illinois  Battery  was  landed  on  tho  Missouri 
shore,  and  opened  on  the  Confederate  gunboats, 
driving  thorn  away  before  dark,  after  sustaining  a 
loss  of  three  men. 

On  tho  17th,  the  fleet  could  not  well  get  into 
position  for  a  rouowal  of  tho  attack,  by  reason  of  a 
thickly-settled  fog,  until  near  eleven  o'clock.  At 
this  time,  a  somewhat  novel  and  formidable  floating 
battery  had  been  contrived  by  tho  Federals,  who 
had  lashed  together  tho  gunboats  Bmton,  Cincin- 
nati aud&i.  ZoHW.und  advanced  them  eloso  to  thy 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR 


*57 


Confederate  batteries.     "ine  battery  was  supported  tho  important  semco  they  had  rendered  the  Fed- 

by  the  gnnbonts  Carondelet,  Mound  City  and  Pitts-  era!  cuu6e. 

burg,  and,  under  their  combined  fire,  two  of  the  Long  before  the  arrival  of  tho  Carondolet,  Gen- 

"ioiny*B  guns  wore  dismounted,  and  EOmo  of  Lueii1  oral  Popo  liud  come  to  a  liko  conclusion  relative 


co-operation  of  a  land  force,  hut  he  had 
means  of  assisting  Footo  until  General 
lamilton  suggested  tho  construction  of  a 
should  admit  of  tho  transportation  at 
lie  desired  point.  Hamilton's  plans  woro 
aed,  and,  with  tho  able  assistance  of  Col- 
I5i---.11  and  Lieutenant  Henry  B.  Gaw,  of 
;ers,  tlio  work  was  proceeded  with. 


earthworks  and  buildings  soriously  damaged.  The  to  tli 
.■ngagemont  lasted  until  near  sovon  o'clock,  when  found  n 
the  gunboats  and  tho  buttery  withdrew.  Tho  firing  Schnyloi 
of  tho  Confederates  had  bcoa  steadily  sorved,  mainly  canal  Hi 
from  thoir  Oi-poundora  and  from  a  very  powerful  troopi  b 
rifled  gnu.  fully  ind 

Tho  Benton  received  three  shots  and  tho  Oincin-    onol  .1. 1 
•tali  one;  but,  strange  as  it  may  appear,  no  ouo    the  Engi 

on  board  the  boats  was  injured  by  tho  guns  from  Tho  steamboats  11'.  B.  Terry,  Emma  and  Gilmore, 
tho  island.  On  board  tho  St.  Louis,  however,  two  and  soveral  gun-barges,  woro  ordered  from  Cairo, 
rjen  were  killed  outright,  and  two  o  thorn  were  very  and  tho  undertaking  was  pushed  with  so  much  in- 
Boriously  wounded  by  the  bursting  of  her  rifled  tercet  and  energy,  that,  by  the  5th  of  April,  a  canal 
22-pound  port-bow  gun,  which  occurred  early  in  tho  fully  twelve  miles  long  and  about  fifty  feet  in  width 
afternoon.  most  of  the  way  had  been  constructed  from  oppo- 

With  (lib  exception  of  tho  firing  of  11  few  shots  by    sito  Island  No.  8  across  tho  swamps  to  a  point  op- 
tho  Bunion,  the  mortar-boats  alone  attacked  the    posito   New  Madrid.     This    was    d№  silenced  11  battery,  of  which  the  guns  woro 
set  in  early  on  tho  evening  of  tho  3d,  and  at  mid-  afterward  spiked  by  Captain  Marshall  and  a  fo'v 
night  tho  Carondelet  sot  out  on  her  perilous  undor  men  who  wore  sent  nxhoro  for  the  purpose, 
taking,  fiho  had  entertained  hopes  of  passing  tho  After  her  return  to  New  Madrid,  tlio  Carondelet 
batteries  in  tho  intoiiso  darkness  that  sometimes  was  joined  by  tho  Piltnbiiry,  which  hud  succeeded 
followed  tho  flashes  of  lightning,  but  tho  latter  in  running  safely  past  the  Confederate  boats  and 
became  almost  continuous  after  ehc  had  got  beyond  hatlories,  and  both  the  gunboats  were  ordered  to 
the  upper  tort,  and,  revealed  as  sho  was  to  tho  Con-  proceed  on  a  recouuoissaueu  and  clear  tho  way  bc- 
fedorates,  sho  had  to  encounter  thoir  flro  at  all  yond  Tiptonvillo,  where  Popo  intended  to  land  his 
points.  On  she  sped,  however,  as  fast  as  sho  could,  own  troops,  as  well  us  those  arriving  by  tho  canal, 
making  nc  roply  wlintovor,  and  finally  reached  Now  They  succeeded,  after  n  steady  iiik.  systematic 
Madrid  without  tho  loss  of  a  man  or  injury  to  cannonading,  in  silencing  all  tlio  ballorios  on  the 
herself.  shore,   Commnndor  Walko    spiking    many   of    tho 

Ccrr.niaudur  Walke  and  Ills  crow  woro  received    giuui  below  Watson's  Landing.     Thus  was  a  pass- 
with    tho    wildest   enthiiBiawn    by  Pope's  soldiors,     ago  oloared  for  Pope's  advance-,  which  took  plaoo 
and  tho  gallant  feat  was  praised  in  all  directions,     on  soon  as  ho  observed  tho  signal  that  110  obstmo- 
Thu    Secretary    of    tho    Navy    dnly   thanked    tlio    tions  remained, 
•ffjeera  and  men  for  their  courageous  act,  and  for        Ah  Pono's  forces  woro  crossing  tho  river,  howovor, 


they  loomed  that  tho  Conleo.uK.ies  were  abandon 
ing  their  works  and  fleeing  in  tho  direction  ol 
Tiptonvillo,  the  only  avenue  through  which  they 
could  escape. 

Tho  troops  were  therefore  hurried  forward  as 
soon  as  landed  at  Watson's  Landing,  and  Hamilton's 
force  bivouacked  that  night  at  Tiptonville.  Early 
tlio  next  morning,  Hamilton's  men  were  ordered  to 
skirt  tho  shore  of  Reelfoot  Lake,  while  General 
I).  S.  Stanley  moved  along  tho  Mississippi  shore 
and  General  Paine  continued  up  tho  road.  The 
Confederates  were  thus  driven  back  towartf  tho 
swamps,  and  nothing  was  left  tbom  but  to  sur- 
render. 

A  Hug  of  tmco  was  at  tho  same  time  being  dis- 
patched from  Island  No.  10  to  Commodore  Footo, 
with  an  offer  to  surrender,  which  was  accepted,  and 
Colonel  Baford  was  immediately  sent  with  the 
Twenty-seveuth  Hlinois  Regiment  to  occupy  the 
island  and  neighboring  batteriefl. 

General  Beauregard  had  become-  satisfied  that  his 
position  could  not  be  held  as  soon  as  the  blockade 
had  been  successfully  run  and  tho  canal  was  fin- 
ished.    Ho  had  then  determined  to  evacuate  Island 
No.  10,   and  after  sinking  tho  gunboat  Grampus 
and  six  steamboats  so  as  to   obstruct   tlio 
channel,  had  turned  over  tho  command  ot 
the  island  to  General  V.  D.  McCall,  left  the 
other  forces  in  chargo  of  General  McCown, 
and  taken  tho  best  portion  of  the  army  with 
him  to  Corinth. 

The  surrendered  troops  numbered  7,273. 
and  included  Geuomls  McCall,  Walker  and 
Gantt.  Tho  Federals  captured,  besides,  123 
cannon  and  mortars,  nearly  10,000  stand 
of  arms,  a  floating-battery,  several  steam- 
boats, many  horses  and  mules,  and  a  large 
quantity  of  ammunition  and  stores  of  all 
descriptions. 

Thu  casualties  on  either  side  prove-  to 
havo  been  very  few  during  the  entire  siege 


JOHN  POPE. 
Boas  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  March  16th,  1823;  en 
tared  thi?  Military  Academy  nt  West  Point  ui  lSiS, 
and  graduated  in  18-12,  receiving  the  rank  of  brevet 
second  lii- 11  tenant  ot  T-i[>ii:rn'liii- il  Hninaecra  oa  the 
l^t  of  ttic  follc-wiag  July.  Be  look  part  la  the 
survey  ot  tbo  Northeast  bouadary-line  between  the 
United  Slates  and  the  British  Po-scssions  in  North 
America :  entered  tho  Mexican  War,  and  distin- 
guished himself  therein,  more  particularly  nt  tho 
battles  ot  Monterey  and  Buena  Vista,  whero  be  was 
given  the  brevets  of  lirat  lieutenant  nad  car.  tain. 
He  afterward  nerved  as  an  Engineer  officer  in  New 
Mexico  und  in  Minnesota  Territory.  Between  1853 
and  1850  ho  explored  the  roate  for  a  Pacific  railway 
from  tho  Rio  Grande  to  the  Red  River,  having 
meanwhile,  in  1856,  beta  made  a  captain  in  the 
Regular  Army.  Ho  was  placed  on  lighthouse  duty 
until  the  breaking  oat  of  the  Civil  War,  when  be 
was  commU-i'uifl  a  or  gad  i.-r- general  of  Volunteers. 
His  operations  in  Missouri  were  carried  on  with  great  Judg- 
ment, anil  it  was  mainly  through  his  able  management  of 
llie  campaign  ihut  Price  was  forced  to  the  southeastern 
portion  of  tho  Slate,  11  rid  that  New  Madrid  was  taken  (March 
Mill,  1802).  One  week  later  ho  '"as  com  missioned  a  major 
general,  anil  oa  the  8th  of  April,  Island  No.  10  was  captured 
by  him,  wilh  the  assistance  of  Commodore  Foote.  At  the 
bead  of  25,000  men  bo  joined  the  combined  armies  undii 
General  llnllcck  on  Ibo  22d  of  April,  and  participated  ta  the 
advance  on  Corinth.  On  the  Slilh  of  June  he  wus  ordcrm 
East,  aad  two  days  later  he  look  command  of  tlio  Army  ot 
Virginia,  comprising  the  forces  uader  Banks,  McDowell  ami 
Fremont.  Satisfied  thai  110  effective  cu  "|n-nHioa  could  Ciist 
between  his  army  mid  that  of  llie  Potomac  without  a  gcnernl- 
iuchlcf,  he  suggested  thai  Hall.-,  k  bo  called  from  tho  West 
and  appointed  lo  Ilia  chief  command.  On  the  Htli  of  tug 
some  month  l'n|"i  WaS  promoted  In  !"■  a  brigadier-general  in 
tho  Regular  Army,  ami  issued  mi  ad.1-.--,  wherein  he  mated 
that  ho  had  left  at  the  West  an  army  whose  policy  bad  been 
"  attack  aad  not  defease,"  aad  who  had  "  ahvnys  soca  llie 
Imcksof  their  enemies."  lb-  had  heard  a  great  deal  of  "  taking 
etroog  uositlona  nad  hold! ug  them,"  as  well  us  ot  ■' lines  ot 
retreat  and  ba^es  of  supplies";  wliat  !"•  wanted  ivns  lo  ilad 
positions  from  which  his  men  could  •' most  easily  advance 
against  tho  enemy,  sillily  Ihu  nrobabhi  linos  of  retreat  of  llnir 
opponent',  and  leave  their  own  to  laka  care  of  themselves"; 
limy  should  all,  hi  fact.  "  look  before  mid  not  lehJud."  Pin* 
>™k  tho  field  ou  thu  211th  of  July,  and  one.  monlh  hilw 
fought  the  unsuccessful  second  battle  01  Bull  Run.  Ub  took 
part  also  in  llie  eiiRiigemcnt  nt  Clmntilly.  which  was  fought 


nlhe 


mood  of  thn  Army  of  Virginia,  which  latter  Iwcnrao  imrt  of 
the  Army  of  the  Polnmoo,  aad  he  resumed  comiaiiad  of  lh<- 
Department  of  the  Hnrthwnst, 


BOMBARDMENT   OF   ISLAND    NO.   10   AND    THE    CONFEDERATE    FORTII 


NIGHT   ATTACK  ON   ISLAND  No.  10  BY   THE  FEDERA 

From  a  Skbi< 


BOJOUEDHENT   OF   1SLMSD    SO.   10   AHD    THE    C0SFEDHUT2    WRTIhIaTIOI™    OK    THIS    KENTUCKY    SHOHB,   OPPOSITE,   M411CH    lJra,   1881 

FnoH  a  Smatr  G  Lorn 


260 


THE    SOLDIER     IN     OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


CAPTAIN    MORRIS  3    BATTERY    OF  BO-POUNIi 


G    ON    FORT    MACON,  APRIL  COrn,   IbUi 


CAPTURE   OF  SOUTH    MILLS 
AND  OF  FORT  MACON. 

Shobtly  after  the  occupation  of 
Beaufort,  H.  C,  a  force  nnder  Gen- 
eral Reno,  consisting  of  the  Sixth 
Sew  Hampshire,  Ninth  and  Eighty- 
ninth  New  York.  Twenty-first  Mas- 
sachusetts and  Fifty-first  Pennsyl- 
vania Regiments,  had  advanced  up 
the  Pasquotank  River  to  intercept  a 
body  of  Confederates  about  leaving 
for  Norfolk. 

By  an  oversight  the  Confederates 
were  informed  of  the  movement,  and 
when  the  Federals  had  come  within 
ahont  a  mile  and  a  half  of  South 
Mills,  they  were  unexpectedly  met 
by  a  fire  of  grape  and  canister  from 
a  force  concealed  in  the  woods.  Tliia 
attack  was  bravely  withstood  and  re- 


JIORTAR    PRACTICE - PUTTING    IX   THE    SHELL, 


apondod  to,  and  in  a  short  time  the 
opposing  force  waa  compelled  to  fall 
back  in  tho  woods,  whence  they  were 
afterward  rapidly  driven  by  one  of 
tho  transports  in  charge  of  Captain 

Tho  Federal  loss  was  113.  That 
of  the  Confederates  could  not  bo  as 
ccrtained. 

A  few  hours  after  tho  battle.  Gen- 
eral Reno's  force  returned  to  its 
starting-point. 

In  the  meantime.  General  Parke 
had  made  a  reconnoissaueo  on  Bogus 
Spit,  and,  with  the  aid  of  tho  Fourth 
and  Fifth  Rhode  Island  and  tho 
Eighth  Connecticut  Regiments,  had 
driven  in  the  Confederate  pickets, 
and  secured  a  favorable  location  for 
the  batteries  intended  to  operate 
against  Fort  Macon.     These  batteries 


*imј%^ 


THE   ItUNUU    MU11TAK  UA' 


THE    SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


26S 


TRANSFER  OF   RELEASED   PRISONERS   FROM   THE  "PILOT   HOY"   TO  THE   "OOSSACK," 


Stouut  ASxmarU 


IS    PAMLICO   SOUSn,   M.    0. 


lonsisted  of  four  10-inch 
mortars,  four  S-incli 
jortara  and  three  33- 
[  ound  Parrott  guns, 
'inder      the      respective 

0  in  ni  11  n  d  s  of  Lieu- 
tenants Flagler  and 
i  rooty,  Third  New 
York  Artillery,  and  of 
Lap  tain  Morris,  First 
Regular  Artillor)'. 

Preparations  were  com- 
pleted   on    the  2 4th  of 

i-pril,  when  General 
Bnmaide    arrived,    and 

j  r  ]  y  the  following 
morning  the  bombard- 
ment bega'j  with  the 
1 0-inch  mortars,  which 
ivore  eoon  followed  by 
'he    other    batteries,    as 

l'11  as  by  a  steady  fire 
.rom  the  gunboats  Day- 
::  .1  in  mptruitiiideut  of  the  Overland  Wngou 
Road  to  California  In  this  service  be  distinguished  himself 
in  repeated  encounters  with  the  Indians,  who  threw  serious, 
obstacles  in  his  way.  In  his  second  expedition,  fcurveying 
for  a  railroad,  be  was  the  only  survivor  of  his  party. 

Al  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War  he  readcred  many 
important  serviced  to  the  Federal  Government.  He  joined 
the  staff  of  General  McClellau,  in  Western  Virginia,  as  a 
volunteer,  and  participated  in  the  successful  baltlo  of 
Philippi.  having  (litre  Lieu  giv^n  (In  cummimd  of  the  Ninth 
Indiana  and  Fourteenth  Ohio  Regiments.  He  was  afterward 
assigned  lo  Geoerd  Rusei  rail's  ..'..nimaiid,  and  distinguished 
himself  at  the  battle  of  Rich  Mountain,  July  lllb,  1861. 
It  is  said  that  when  bis  nana  was  shot  under  him,  at  the 
last-named  engagement,  he  fought  oo  foot,  nod  advanced  lo 
the  attack  of  one  of  the  enemy's  guns.  He  shot  all  the  meu 
serving  it.  excepting  three,  who  bad  fled,  aad  a  lieutenant- 
whi)  bad  remained  alone,  aad  who  continued  to  discbarge  It 
Lander  called  out  to  him  :  '*  If  you  fire  that  gun  again,  yon 
are  a  dead  man  !"  to  which  the  lieutenant  replied  :  "Sir.  : 
shall  fire  Iho  gun  as  laug  as  I  have  life  id  my  body  I " 
Lander  then  turned  around  lo  nil  men,  exclaiming  :  "  1  can- 
not sh'iol  so  brave  a  man.  You  must  do  it  I  "  and  tbe  next 
moment  tin-  young  lieutenant  fell,  pierced  by  many  bullets. 
After  the  battle  Lander  sought  the  body,  and  had  it  con- 
voyed, under  an  escort,  across  thu  mountain,  nod  caused  it  to 
be  delivered  to  the  C  on  federates.  Lauder,  who  bad  been 
in  -..:.•  -.  brig  idicr-gem-rol,  liiinn.d  subsequently  in  a  skirmish 
nl  KIwBtd's  Ferry,  a  few  days  after  the  baltlo  of  Ball's 
Bluff,  whore  ho  received  a  very  painful  wound  In  the  leg. 
Timitifb  Mill  Buffering  greatly  from  the  latter,  hetoakcom- 
i.i.i.i.l.  in  January,  1663,  of  a  force  of  some  4.000  men, 
di-ettocd  for  the  protection  of  Die  Baltimore  oad  Ohio  Rail- 
road. With  these  lie  successfully  repel!..!  and  made  several 
attacks,  the  most  daring  being  that  of  February  14lli,  1803, 
nhco,  with  but  400  cavalry,  b.0  advanced  iu  the  night  npoo  a 
Confederate  camp  tit  Blooming  Gnp,  capturing  75  men,  in- 
cluding 17  commissioned  otllcera.  For  his  valuable  services 
Iu  Western  Virginia,  Secretary  of  War  Slaatou  publicly 
thanked  Mm,  February  17ib,  1863. 

Constant  work  and  exposure,  however,  aggravated  his 
wound,  and  after  a  while  led  to  a  fatal  congestion  of  Iho 
brain,  from  which  be  died,  on  the  3d  or  March,  1SU3,  while 
nt  Pnw-Paw,  Vii.,  on  tlio  Upper  Potomac.  His  wife,  Jeuu 
Mm gnral  Davenport,  was  a  distinguished  actress  piavinus  to 
her  marriage  In  1800.  Shu  served  as  liospllal  nilrao  rtll 
through  the  war,  and  In  1805,  returned  In  the  stage. 

Upon  General  Ll odor's  death,  McClelland  issued  a  general 
order  commending  his  many  qualities.  Ills  body  was  lokou 
to  Washington  and  embalmed,  nod  lay  iu  state  at  the  res- 
idence of  Salmon  P.  Chase,  Secretary  of  tho  Treasury,  being 
afterward  removed  to  New  York,  and  thonco  to  Salem,  where 

luipOUlUg   mi  .■-  ■-■.•      Wl  ii-  belli  ill  Ulii  ij-i!.  li.;!Uv  [jhlCU. 


THE    SOLDIER     IN     OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


UATTLE  of  sniLOH  ok  PITTSBURG 
LANDING. 

OOC'-TATION  OF  CORINTH,  MISS, 
Immediately  after  the  surrender  of 
Port  Donolson,  General  Grunt  was  oa- 
signed  by  General  Ilnlleck  to  the  com- 
mand of  the  new  West  Tennessee  Dis- 
trict, "limits  not  defined,"  nnd  ect  about 
actively  nmfcing  preparations  tor  the  cap- 
ture of  Corinth,  which  ivns  n  point  of 
grout  strategic  vuhie,  nt  the  junction  or 
the  Mobile  end  Ohio  and  tbo  Charleston 
ami  Metnpl  is  Railways. 

Grunfs  pbms  were  being  extensively 
"nd  rap'.dly  carnf-d  out,  when,  to  the 
great  nstonishmonc  of  nil  around  him,  ho 
was  ordered,  on  tlio  4th  of  March,  1S63, 
to  turn  over  his  forces  to  General 
Charles  Ferguson  Smith,  and  to  nwuit 
further  instructions  at  Fort  Henry.  No 
reason  being  assigned  for  this  sudden 
outranking,  General  Grant  immediately 
courted  au  inquiry  ami  asked,  mean- 
while, to  bo  at  once  fully  relieved  from 
duty.  This  was  not  done,  however,  for 
Halleek  looked  into  the  groundless 
njinrges,  mainly  of  neglect,  which  a  jeal- 
ous fellow-officer  bad  raised,  nnd  satisfy- 
ing himself  that  nothing  attached  lo 
Grant  but  what  was  highly  commend- 
able, the  latter  was  onco  more  placed  in 
chief  command  of  the  district  on  tbo 
14th  of  the  same  month. 

Grunt  set  about  more  vigorously  than 
ever  to  complete  bis  original  plans,  nnd 
to  make  up  for  tlio  delays  forcibly  in- 
curred, and  at  the  commencement  of 
April  his  army,  as  well  as  the   two  uu- 

armored  gunboats  Tyler  and  Lexing- 

Be'  Ion,  bad   arrived  at  Pittsburg  Laud- 

ing, on  tbo  Temiesseo  River.     The  latter  place  was 
'.  lilile  over  twenty  miles  to  tbo  northeast  of  Co- 


lewis  Wallace. 


rintli,  where  lay  the  forces  commanded  by  General 
Albert  Sidney  Johnston,  and  which  bud  just  been 
strengthened  by  those  brought  from  Island  No.  10. 

General  Beauregard  hud  generously  declined  the     i-'iliy-wvoith  imd  iliiv-t^tii  niinola. 


^3 

offer  made  him  by  General  Johnston  to 
lurn  over  to  him  the  command  of  thh 
united  forces,  having,  he  said,  come  to 
the  West  to  assis*;  Johnston,  and  not  tr 
Buucrsede  him. 

The  army  under  General  Grant  con. 
sisted,  first,  of  five  divisions,  led  by  Gen- 
erals John  A.  Modern  nod,  Lewis  Wallace, 
William  T.  Sherman,  Stephen  A.  Hurl- 
but  and  W.  H.  L.  Wallace,  the  latter 
being  given  tne  division  heretofore  led 
by  General  Charles  F.  Smith,  who  had 
but  just  died  nt  Savannah.  A  sixth 
division  was  nftorward  made  up  of  thu 
forces  constantly  arriving,  and  given  to 
General  11.  M.  Prentiss.  The  divisions 
nnd  the  subdivisions  were  ns  follows : 
Firtt  Diemon, 
Major-go  up  ml  Join]  A.  McClornnnd. 

First  Brigadi- <1.)  Colonel  A.  St.  Ilure ;  (B. 
Colonel  M.  31.  Crocktr- Eiidilb  nnd  Eighteenth 
Illim-i-.  Eleventh  mid  Thirtecnib  Iowa,  Betoni) 
illin.>i-i  Light  Artillery  (Bnltery  D). 

Second  Brigade- Colonel  C  C.  Marsh- Elev 
enlli,  Twentieth,  Forly-Dflh  and  Forty-ughth 
Illinois. 

Third  Brigade- (1.)  Colonel  Julius  Ibiilh  ;  (2.) 
Lieutcnaut -colonel  E.  P.  Wood - Seventeenth, 
Twenly-uinth,  I'nrty-lhird  nnd  Fortyuiolh  1111 
nois,  Cumiiclind's  Illinois  Cavalry. 

Not  Brigadtd- Stewart's  I'.llD3is  Covidry,  First 
rUinois  Light  Artillery  (Bullery  D),  Strand  Illi- 
nois Light  Artillury  (Bullery  E),  Fourteenth 
Ohio  Baltay. 

Second  Ditixian. 

(I.)  Brigadier. general  W.  II.  L.  Wallace; 

<2.)  Colonul  James  II.  Tut  lit. 

First  Brigade- Colonel  James  M.  'fin tie- Sec 

ond,  Seventh,  Twelfth  and  Fourteenth  iowu. 

Second  Brirjii'le - (1.)  P.ri.-nlirr  general  Jobr 
JIcArthur;  (3.)  Colonel  Thomas  Morion-  Ninth 
and  Twelfth  Dtinols  Eighty -first  Ohio. 
Thirteenth  Missouri,  Beige's  Sharpshooters  (Fonrtecnlb 
Missouri), 

Third  Brigade- (1.)  Colonel  T.  W,  Sweeny  :  (3.)  Colons: 
S.  D.  Baldwin- Ei-li ill  Imvn,  Seventh,  Filiislh,  fclfty-eecocd 


\ 


^ 


\ 


v\\ 


Gen  Shr/mnns  air/a-  V.      ^oK№ 

ion  fo/t  bark  to  Uur        -&  V^ 

"*  A6  ^       J?  \_ 

^V        jy  "'■""  -jr,     Om.WO'ffniiuiN-hn 
,"."  ,"?"         ^*-№№^>  !^*-™  front  to  mat  tltcim 

'-'■-     ^      ..'•■     -'.IIILOH      /V,  .  "/"", Uasrotid. 

'  a:       -   -  a  r-"l  .lFDowi-U 

E  -      M  ?  C  L'E  R  N  A  N  D  S    O.'VISIUN,^      ^№>     *'. 

-4c  .£/ј•  \  C"iM?  Arthur^    } 


VLAV   r,iiu,viMi  THE  BOADH  AW1>  ItJfliiluN  OF  THE  CAilPS,   UltKvtWi  "*I>   KUHl.W  THK  BATTLB  OF  HU1LOH 

i- .>.■■.  i  Skitiiu  a\  li.  l-n  ". 


2bt[ 


THE    SOLDIER    IjV    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


■ 


w\ 


WV~  PfniiM 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


265 


Not  Brignderj-  Axon-1  United  States  Cn". 

airy  (Coin puny  C),  Fourth.  United   States 

Cavalry  (Cnmpany  I).  Second  Illinois  Cbv- 

airy  (Compimics  A  Had    BV    First    Rlinob 

Light  Artillery  (BntWrv  -v  First  Missouri 

Light  Artillery  (Batteries  I>.  H  and  K). 

TJiird  Dhition. 

Major-general  Lewis  Wallace. 

First  Brigade- Culnnel  Mori;nn  L,  Stnita 

-Eighth  Missouri,  Eleventh  and  Tuenty- 

rourlh  rndiniin. 

Second  Brigade-  Colonel  John  M.  Thayer 
-First  Nebraska,  Twenty-third  Indiana, 
Fifty-sixth  nnd  Fi.'-v.  eighth  Ohio, 

Third  Brtgndo- Cclone!  Charles  Whit- 
tlesey- Twentieth,  Sixty-eighth,  Sfrenty- 
5I1U1  iuid  Sevenij-cighfli  Ohio. 

Not  Brigaded- Tli  urher's  First  Missouri 
Light  Artillery  ( Battery  I),  Tuompwn'a 
Ninth  Indiana  Battery,  Fifth  Ohio  Cavalry 
(Third  Battalion).  Eleventh  Illinois  Cavalry 
(Third  Battalion). 

Fourth  Dititiaa. 

itrigndicr-geniral  Stephen  A.  nurlbut 

First  Brigade- (I)  Colonel  N.0.  Williams ; 

'%   Colonel   Isaac   C,  Pugh  -Third    Iowa, 

Twenty- eighth.  Thirty -second  nod  Forty- 

first  Illinois. 

Second  Brigade- Colonel  James  C.  Viailcli 
-Twenlj  -  fifth  Indiana.  Fourteenth,  Fif- 
teenth and  Forty-sixth  Illinois. 

Third  B-igmle  -  Brigadier-general  J.    the  28th  of 
March  and  Columbia  "n  tltu  Bd  of 
April.  His  intention  wo*  to  march 
ai  onco  upon  Corinth  with  Buell's 
reinforcements,  and,  pending  their 
early  arrival,  ho  did  not  deem  it  >\3- 
cessary  to  constmct  any  earthworks 
or  other  temporary  means  of  defeneo. 
Upon  learning  of  tho  intended 
junction  of  tho  two  armies,  however, 
General  Beauregard  decided  to  move 
•mrnodiatoly  from  O-inili,  and  not 
inly  prevent  tlioir  union,  but,  if  prjg- 
fcilile,  to  first  attack  and  defeat  Grant  * 
force,  and  then  to  likowkfl  ■ncccas- 
fttlly  t 


23,000  men  had,  by  steady  marclii.tg 
through  had  roads,  succeeded  in  reach- 
ing Savannah,  only  eight  miles  away 
on  the  opposite  side  of  tlio  river. 
There  it  encamped,  for  no  suitable 
transports  were  yet  in  readiness  to 
couvey  it  across. 

The  Confederate  army  now  op- 
posing Grant's  forces,  and  under 
General  Albert  Sidney  Johnston, 
with  General  P.  G.  T.  Beauregard 
second  in  command,  was  subdivided 
in  the  following  manner: 

Major-general  beouldiu  I'olk. 

FTnt  DirCaon. 

Brigadlor-geaura!  Charles  Clark. 

First  Brigade- Colonel  R.  M.  Rural. 

lVcihuI  llri^ide  - liriyndier-geneni!  \.  p 

Scamtt  Dleition. 

Major-general  B.  F.  Cheatham. 

First  Briifule- I!ri^idi.T-i;ciierjl  Bashrod 

R.  Johns  ai. 

Second  .lrigiidc-  Colonel  TV.  II.  Stephens. 

Total  Fii.t  Corps,  present  for  uit'.y.  11,853 

Major-General  Braiton  Brage 
jTd(  Dt'vitian. 
BriijiidiiT-gc.icral  Daniel  Buggies. 
First  Brigiidc- I  lloncl  R.  I"  Gibson. 
Second  Brigade- Jrigndier-geaeral  Pnttan 
Anderson. 
Third  Brigade- Colonel  Preston  Pond. 
Serontl  Dicaion. 
Brigadier-general  J.  M.  Withers. 
First    Briirade- BrispidisT-gpnend    A.    II 
Ohuhlen. 


Second  Brigade 
Chalmora. 
Third  Brigade- Brigadii 

Jneksoii. 

Total    Second    Corpt,   pi 
10,270. 


Brigadier  ■  general  J.  R 
geoeral   J.  K 

^nt   for   duty 


Hiiidni. 


Major-geoeral  William  3.  Hardee. 
Brigade- Brieodlcr-ecneral    T.  G 


Second  Brigiidi 
V..  Cleburae. 

hinl  15ripi.lL - lii 


TVi 


llrii'adurgeneral  P.itiii  i 
general  S.  A.  il 
Totid  Thinl  Corps,  present  for  daty,  -i.TiT 


WILLIAM   J.  HARDEE 


Major-general  J.  C.  Breckinridge. 

First  (Kentucky)  Brigade  - Colonel  It  P 
Trahne. 

Second  Brigade- Brigadier- genera]  J.  S 
Bowen. 

Third  Brigade- Colonel  W.  3.  Statbaai. 

Total  Rcaerve  Corps,  present  for  duty  T.L'll 

Total  infantry  and  artillery,  87,589  :  t'uv 
airy,  2,000.     Grand  total,  3O,S08. 


>W 


"lii. 


1  it 


ground  before  tlio  7lh  ..f  April, 
Oidcre  were  accordingly  givt 


one  o'clock  on  tlto  1 


■  rning 


at 
of  tho 


Sd,  under  the  supposition  "that  tho 
'■niiru  Oonfedoratc  force  eould  be  in 
the  vicinity  of  Shiloll  Chttrcli  very 
early  on    the   fith,  when    tlio    battle 


Several  regiments  joined  the  army 

on  the  march  to  Corinth,  increasing 

would    bo    opened.     Ttut    tho    delays   incident   to     the  effective-  forco  present  on  tho  field  to  40,335, 

Colonel   Hill's  Tennessee  regituout  joined  during 

the  ongagomont  ""it  Sunday. 

At  about  three  o'clock  on  Sunday  morning,  April 

Cth,  tho  Confederate  wmy  moved  for 
ArniL,1sea,  ,  ,       ,,J 

ward  very  quietly  in  three  lines  of 
battle,  Gonond  Hardee's  being  in  the  k-ad  ncros! 
the  Corinth  Head,  while  Polk's  forcet 
were  deployed  on  his  loft  toward  Owl 
Creek,  and  Bragg's  division  stood  od 
his  right  opposite  Ridge  Road,  with 
B  reek  in  rid  go 's  reserves  ostending  be- 
hind Bragg's  right  wing  toward  Lick 
Greek.  At  about  live  o'clock  oil  was 
in  readiness  for  the  attack.  General 
Hardee's  pickets  drove  in  those  ol 
General  Prontiss,  and  a  few  minutes 
later  tho  active  Confederate  line  fol- 
lowed. Almost  simultaneously  tltu 
Confederate  brigades  *f  Anderson 
and  Pond  attacked  tho  left  of  Sher- 
man's division,  posted  a  little  beyond 
tho  Shiloh  Church,  nnd  fell  upon 
Prentiss's  force,  which  lny  below,  and 
nl most  in  a  line  with  Sherman's, 
noross  the  Ridge  Road. 

i'uc    attack     proved    it    complete 


PLAN   WIOWINO    THE    POSITION    OF  TOR   FORGES   BCnUJO   TEH 
GREAT   ABTILIiERY    PI  OUT   AT   PITTSBURG   LANDING. 


lirletttM   "hen    I  hi 


ENGAGEMENT  OF  GENERAL  LEWIS  WALLACE'S  DIVISION,  0 

email   n   3tL 


268 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


THF    SOLDIER  IN  OUR   CIVIL    WAR, 


26g 


surprise,  although  tiio  Federals  should  have  been 
mimed  of  tin.'  dangi-i  thrwitt'iiing  thorn  by  an  in- 
judicious rceonnoissanco  which  some  of  the  cav- 
alry of  Bragg's  division  had  previously  made  in 
force,  and  duriug  which  they  had  captured  one 
officer  and  several  men. 

The  Confederate  onslaught  was  so  fiercely  made, 
that  Colonel  Hildebmudt's  brigade,  which  was 
largely  composed  of  raw  troops,  fled  back  in  dis- 
may. The  First  and  the  Fourth  Brigades,  under 
Colonels  McDowell  and  Backland,  which  had  just 
about  completed  a  new  line,  were  likewise  rapidly 
forced  back,  with  the  loss  of  a  battery,  upon 
McClernand's  division.  The  latter  lay  in  the  rear 
of  Prentiss's  force,  and  had  been  called  up  to  assist 
Sherman  on  the  left,  while  Hurlbut  w:is  asked  to 
come  to  the  aid  of  Prentiss. 

By  seven  o'clock  tho  whole  of  Sherman's  lino  and 
MeClerriand's  left  were  engaged.  With  the  aid  of 
Taylor's  Chicago  Battery  of  heavy  gnus,  which  did 
admirable  execution,  the  troops  now  held  their 
ground  well,  euconraged  as  they  were  by  General 
Sherman  himself,  who  was  seen  exposed  in  the  very 
thickest  of  tho  light,  although  he  had  been  shot 
through  the  hand  very  early  in  the  action. 

Two  hours  later,  Hardee's  full  column  and  part 
of  Bragg's  force  had  emerged  from  tl.o  wood*  oppo- 
site Sherman's  extreme  left,  and  engaged  the  latter 
while  Polk  was  moving  toward  Sherman's  rear. 
The  Federal  columns  had  heen  hurriedly  reorgan- 
ised by  General  Grant,  who  had  joined  Sherman 
without  delay  upon  hear- 
ing the  sound  of  battle. 
Grant  had  sent  orders  to 
Geueral  Lewis  Wallace  to 
come  up  from  Crump's 
Lauding,  and  a  new  line 
had  been  formed  upon  a 
ridge  in  advance  of  Snake 
Creek,  where  the  Con- 
federates were  ably  held 
in  check,  but  the  re- 
mainder of  Bragg's  di- 
vision had  in  the  mean 
time  thrown  nearly  its 
whole  weight  upon  Pren- 
tiss's First  Brigade  under 
Colonel  Peabody  threat- 
ening to  overcome  it,  and 
make  an  opening  to  tho 
river. 

Hurlbut  had,   at    tho 
first    attack,    sent    only 
his  Second  Brigade,  un- 
der Colonel  Vealch  ;  but 
these  not  proving  suffi- 
cient, the  First  and  tho 
Third    Brigades,    under 
Colonels  Williams   and    Lauman,    had    fol- 
lowed,   too  late,    however,   to   do   much,    if 
any,     good.     Nor    did     Prentiss's    Second 
Brigade  or  General  Mo  Arthur's  brigade  of 
W.  H.  L.  Wallace's  division   help    matters. 
McArthar  had  been  sent  to  help   Stuart's 
brigade  of  Sherman's  division,    which   had 
injudiciously  been   placed    beyond  a    large 
intervening    gap    on    tho    Hamburg   Iioad, 
and  was  then  in  danger  of  being  cut   ulf. 
Mistaking  the  road,  however,   he  had,  liko 
Colonel  Miller,  eomo  upon  a  large  force  of 
Confederates,    which    had   compelled   both 
brigades  to  fall  hack. 

An  overwhelming  force  had,  meanwhile, 
been  opposed  to  Prentiss's  First  Brigade, 
Which  had  become  entirely  separated  from 
tho  rest,  and  had  to  fight  its  way  unaided. 
With  his  few  regiments,  Prentiss  main- 
tained his  ground  for  several  hours,  fight. 
ing  steadily  all  the  while,  until  his  rear 
being  gained  by  tho  Confederates,  the  force 
was  completely  surrounded,  and  ho  was 
compelled  to  surrender. 

Colonel  Everett  Peabody  was  killed  eaily 
in  the  action.  Ho  had  gone  forward  with 
the  Twenty-fifth  Missouri  Regiment,  and 
by  tho  steadiness  with  which  they  mot  tho 
Confederate  firo,  had  prevented  what  might 
well  have  proved  a  total  surprise  to  tho 
Federals. 

After  the  division  of  Prentiss's  force, 
Stuart's  brigade  was  compelled  to  full  back 
from    ridgo  to  ridgo  until  almost  entirely 


out  of  the  field,  the  main  attack  of  the  successful 
Confederates  being,  however,  directed  against  tho 
remainder  of  McOlernand's  forces,  then  well 
stationed  along  the  Corinth  and  Pittsburg  Land- 
ing roads. 

Fresh  Confederate  regiments  were  so  ably  di- 
rected at  this  point,  that  McClernand  soon  had  to 
give  way  to  the  superior  numbers,  and  by  eleven 
o'clock  his  army  was  on  a  lino  with  that  of  General 
Hurlbut. 

At  noon,  the  Confederates  hold  possession  of  the 
camps  which  McClernand,  Prontiss,  Sherman,  and 
Stuart  had  occupied  in  tho  morning,  and  in  ad 
dition  to  the  capture  already  mentioned,  had  taken 
many  prisoners,  nearly  half  of  both  McAllister's  and 


Schwartz's 


irtillei 


besides  several   of  Die 
and  i 


horses. 

There 
but  two 


of 


e^m 


VED   BY   U1S   WIG. 


EVEltETT   PEADODY. 


id  almost  intact,  and  within  reach, 
ions,  those  of  General  Hurlbut  and 
W.  H.  L.  Wallace,  which,  with  tho  remnants  of 
Prentiss's  army,  covered  the  depots  of  stores  and 
ammunition,  as  well  as  tho  transports.  Wallaco 
had  closed  np  the  gap  on  Hurlbnt's  left,  and  was 
strongly  stationed  with  tho  batteries  of  Richardson. 
Stone  and  Webber,  under  Major  Cavcnder. 

Tho  object  of  the  Confederates  was  to  turn  the 
left  of  the  Federah,  and  to  drivo  them  down  to  the 
river  after  capturing  their  base  at  the  Landing. 
Opposite  Hurlbut  stood  Johnston,  with  the  divi- 
sions of  Generals  Cheatham,  Withers  and  Breckin- 
ridge. Tlic.-e  were  hurled 
njaiust  the  Federal  lino, 
and  the  battle  com- 
menced anew,  raging 
fiercely  all  the  after- 
noon. Tho  chiof  ob- 
jective appeared  to  ho 
lluiSbut's  artillery, 
which,  admirably  lo- 
cated nnd  served,  was 
lining  great  damage. 

An   assault   was  made 

upon  the  latter,  hut  was 

repulsed  with  great  Iof. 

The  attack  was  renewed 

again     and     again,     but 

unavailingly,  as  the  Fed- 

orals    were     unflinching. 

For   a   long  while  they 

maintained    a    successful 

resistance,  and  with  the 

signal  aid  afforded  them 

by  Mann's  Ohio  Battery 

of  light  guns,    especially 

while    deployed     at    the 

Peach  Orchard,  they  held 

their    ground    doggedly. 

Superior    numbers  of   Confederates,   which 

had    forced    hack    the    right    of    the  line, 

booh    commenced     an   attack    upon    their 

flanks,  however,  and  after  battling  through 

burning    woods    and    across   several    heavy 

ridges,    pressed    them    further    toward    tho 

river.     Hero  the  remnants  of  McClernand's 

and  of  Sherman's  armies  soon  had  to  follow 

thorn. 

By  five  o'clock  tho  Federals,  aftor  their 
persistent  lighting  across  all  the  ridges  and 
roads,  and  losing  ueariy  4,000  in  killed, 
wounded  and  prisoners,  were  huddled  to- 
gether in  a  confused  mass  upon  a  plateau 
near  the  high  bunks  of  tho  Landing,  as 
well  ns  under  the  banks  along  tho  river 
cluso  by  the  transports. 

For  a  while  all  ellbrls  to  reform  the 
troops  proved  unavailing.  Thoro  was  no 
time  to  lose,  however,  as  the  Con  federates 
could  not  but  soon  follow  up  tho  advan- 
tages gained.  A  :t 


for  a  Gnai  assault.  These  guns  hod  scarcely  beet 
|j|iiccil  in  position  when  the  Confederates  again,  ap- 
ncurcd  in  force,  and  opened  11  vigorous  lire  upor 
I  ho  Fedorals,  which  tho  latter  promptly  met. 

Just  then  the  gunboats  Tyler  and  Lexington, 
under  command  of  Lieutenant  Wil- 
liam Gwin,  were  afforded  the  oppor- 
tunity they  had  been  all  day  looking 
for.  They,  too,  responded  to  the 
Confederate  lire,  and  by  unexpect- 
edly hurling  their  eight-inch  shell 
and  sixty-four-pound  shot  up  tho 
hill,  created  dismay  throughout  tho 
ranks  in.  which  they  were  rapidly 
falling. 

Toward  evening  the  head  of  Nel- 
son's Fourth  Division  of  Buell's  army 
came  upon  the  scene.  It  had  hurried 
nlung  tho  overflowed  roads  on  tho 
opposite  side  of  the  river,  and  after 
dropping  the  artillery,  which  they 
found  they  could  not  drag  along 
quickly  enough,  the  men  were  ferried 
across  in  time  to  aid  tho  wcllnigh  dis- 
concerted Federals. 

As  Atnmen's  brigade  rushed  qnickly 
to  tlio  front,  new  life  seemed   to   spring   through    him,  and  stated  that,  by  reason  of  the  successful    div 
tlio  huddled  troops.     The  Confederates  attempted    advance  of  the  Confederates,  tho  Federal  right  had    and  Polk's  forces,  th 
time  and  time  again  to  assault  tho  Federal  pnsi-    become  tho  Confederate  rear,  in  tho  direction  of    by  Clark's  division,  which 

itraced    Brugg's  troops,  occupied  ibe  extreme  left. 

The  remainder  of  Buell's  forces  had  been  arriving 
by  land  and  water  during  tho  entire  night,  and  at 
break  of  day  the  Federals  had  tho  Fourth  Brigade 


tho  roar  of  battle  quickening  his  stops  toward  what  On  the  Federal  side.  General  W.  H.  L  Wallace 
he  believed  was  the  nearest  point  to  tho  right  of  had  been  mortally  wounded,  while  endeavorne  1o 
the  Federal  army.  stom  tntJ  advilIK.0~  o{  Generals  Polk  and  Hardee's 

After   marching  about   six  miles,  Captain  John    forces  upon  bis  own  aud  those  of  Genera!  Shcr- 
A.  Hawhus,  Grant  s  adjutant-general,  had  overtaken     man,  his  place  being  taken  by  Oolonal  J.  M.  Tnttle, 

who  had  previously  headed  the  First 
Brigade. 

Monday.  April  7th,  found  the  con- 
tending armies  established  upon  new 

Aunt.  lass.     littQS•    arrangeu>    with 

great     difficulty    during 

the  dark  aud  very  stormy  night  that 

had     followed     the     previous     day's 

bnttlo. 

The  incessant  firing  of  the  gun. 
boats  had  compelled  the  Confederates 
to  abandon  fully  one-half  the  ground 
they  had  previously  gained,  and  they 
were  now  stationed  a  little  in  ad- 
vance of  the  camps  originally  oc- 
cupied by  Sherman,  JleClernand  and 
Prentiss.  General  Hardee  held  the 
right  of  the  line  with  his  own  divi- 
sion, having  on  the  extreme  right  of 
the  latter  both  Chalmers's  and  Jack- 
son's brigades,  belonging  to  Withera's 
and    next  to   these    came  Breckinridge's 


PLAN  OF  DEFENSE  AT  THE  PEACH  ORCHARD- 


tion  across  tho  wooded  ravine  that  now  separated     which  ho  was  advancing.     Ho  had  then 
them,  and  had  once  nearly  succeeded  in  turning    his  steps,  crossed  Snake  Creek  by  the  river  road, 
and  reached  the  Landing  without  loss  of  time. 


the  Federal  right,  bat  with  tho  aid  of  Amnion' 
thrco  regiments  they  were  beaten  back,  retiring 
altogether  at  about  nino  o'clock,  when  the  fire 
ceased. 

Lewis  Wallace,  whom  Grant  had  ordered  it)  (lie 
morning  to  come  tip  from  Crump's  Landing  and 
form  on  the  right,  reached  the  Landing  at  night- 
fall, and  was  then  severely  censured  for  1>  is  apparent 
failure  to  carry  out  orders.  He  explained,  how- 
ever, that  after  leaving  tw< 
Crump's  Landing,  he  had  pu 


Tho  night  closed  with  the  Confederates  occupy- 
ing the  former  Federal  camps,  upon  which  the  gun- 
boats kept  a  running  firo  till  tho  next  morning. 
The  Confederate  losses  had  been  very  great,  indeed, 
the  most  important  being  (hat  of  their  commander- 
in-chief.  General  A.  S.  Johnston  had  been  killed 
during  tho  afternoon,  while  almost  recklessly  ox- 
posing  himself,  directing  the  movements  of  his 
regiments  at    troops.     Tho  chief  command    had   then   devolved 

General  Beauregard,  whose  headquarters  were    Thorn i 


ramcdiatcly  upon  receiving  Grant's  order,     established  at  the  Shiloh  Church. 


of  MeCook's  division,  and  the  comparatively  fresh 
divisions  of  Generals  Nelson  and  Crittenden  of 
Buell's  army,  as  well  as  Lewis  Wallace's  division  of 
Grant's  army,  in  position  for  a  renewal  of  the  con- 
flict. The  Fifth  and  Sixth  Brigades  of  MeCook's 
division  could  not  bo  brought  up  until  about  eight 
o'c!ock  in  the  morning,  The  First  Division  of 
Buell's  army,  commanded  by  General  George  II. 
too  far  in  the  rear  to  tako  part  iu 


Monday's  engagement,  and  but  one  brigade.  Colonel 


"OIlTY-FUUKTil   HBGI11ENT,  INDIANA   VULDNTEERS,  ENGAGED    AT    PITTSltllltO    LANDING,  APH1L  Otu.  1603  -  THE    WOODS    ON   PIKE. 

Jflluv  A  Suivu  ur  B.  Lovit 


*/-* 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR 


^i^^ 


TUB    SOLDrER    /.V     OUR     CJVIL     WAR. 


*73 


H.  II  Wngncr'a,  of  General  T.  .1.  Wood',  division,    neues  and  Alubanu  regiments,  irell  mipported  by  McCook'.  left.    Seo.uo  uu*  Colonel  Willidi'.  rsri. 

™vedmt,,oeto1"rt,e,pte,e.i,elyi,itl,e  pursuit    urtillorj      Tl,".  muiled  Nelson,  and  tino'dy  eom-  "  ""  ordered  up,  ""d  "*,"!",;  mainly  to  a 

of  the  Confederates  al  the  close  of  tie  action  po  led  h,n,  t,  fall  back  until  h"  foree  eame  np  ba,onet"L,,ge,  printed  the  movement,    Willieb 

Tlio  foUW.iur  conahtated  tliat  portion  ot   the    with  tba  advance  of  Crittenden',  troops.     Then  the  was  followed  by  Kirk1,  brirfade  whinll  entered  the 

Army  of  the   Ohio  whieh  reached   the  field  of    "hole  line  assumed  tho  offensive,  will  the  support  position  held  by  Rouse™ :  while  tba  latter  retired 

hh"№l,;  .      ,".  ..  f   Mendonhnll.  n"d   B.rtlett's   batteries,  and    in  f"r  a  fresh  supply  of  ammunition.     ThoConfeder- 

turn  compelled  the  retirement  of  the  Confederate,  ,te,  j"    the    meantime    relieved   their  efforts    to 

with  the  temporary  loss  of  a  battery,  captured  by  my"",e    McCook   from    Crittenden,  and   fell   i 


Fourlli  IJrijj:iih - Brigndior-n 

Bnttolionsort1u:Fifu.'L'iitli,SixU'oiitbntniNiiictcoothUnitod 
states  Infmtry,  First  Ohio,  Sixth  Indiana  nnd  Third  Ken- 
Fifth   Bripiiic- Colond  B.  H.  Kirk- Seventy-first  Perm-     Federal   division: 
evivanK  Twenty-ninth  und  Thirtieth  Indiana,  and  Thirty-     which  had.  just  reached  tho  ground 


Gibson's  brigade  so  heavily,  that  tho  Forty-ninth 


.ourtb  Dtlnois. 

Sixth    llrigtide  -  Colonel  W.  H.  Gitwin -Fifteenth    and 

Fwty-nintu  Ohio.  Thirty -s?cond  and  Thinvtiinlh  Indiana, 

Fifti  United  SfjUos  Artillery  ;Batlcry  IT}.  " 

fbarth  Division. 

Brigndier-j_T3Rral  William  Nclsou. 

Tenth  Brigade-  Coloael  Jacob  Am  men- Sixth  and  Twonty- 

fourth  Olifo,  nnd  Thilty-Bixih  Indian! 

Nineteenth   Brigade- Col  unci   William   B.  Uazen  - Sbrth     J№   a   c\oss  firc   of  Artillery 
Kentucky.  Ninth  Indiana,  and  Forty-first  Ohio. 

Twenty-second  Brigade-  Colonel  S.  D.  Bruce- Finn,  Sec- 
ond and  Twentieth  Kentucky. 

fffV.  Diction. 

Brigndier-g™rr;ii  t'litiiiuiii  T.  Crittenden. 

Eleventh  Brigncu - Brlgadlcr-gencral  J.  T.  Boyle- Nine- 


the  brigade  r.nder  Colonel  Hnzen. 

Tho  (Wedorales  were  quickly  reinforced,  how-  Ohto  Regiment,  occupying  the  left  of  the  line,  Imd 

ever,  and  by  e.ght  o  clock  wore  engaging  the  two  to  chan  e  ils  front  [v,}^ in  OT{hr  fa  lt  fto 

well  as   Rousseau's  brigade,  timdng  of  the  position. 

1  ""  t,"""ndeQ'B        It  waa   c]osc  on    (wo  0,dock  wLen  KoU!yoan,B 


ed    by    General     Bueil    himself. 
1  wns  ordered  up  from  Shilob.    then 


right,    accompli- 
Ohcath: 

Church  and  thrown  on  Break inri age's  line,  nnd 
tho  contest  soon  raged  fiercely  on  both  sides.  The 
Confederate  attack  became  so  severe  that  Hazon'e 
force  wns  completely  thrown  across  tho  open  field 
'nto  tho  woods  on  Crittenden's  left,  and  subjected 
liich  caused  a  heavy 
toss.  Ammen's  brigado,  posted  on  Nelson's  loft, 
was  meanwhile  heavily  pressed  by  superior  numbers, 
and  was  in  imminent  danger  of  being  turned,  when 
Terrell's  battery  of  twenty-four-pound  howitzers, 
which  belonged  to  McCook's  division,  mid  had  just 
:d  from  Savannah,  camo  dashing  along,  and, 


.do  was  ready  to  rcoccupy  the  front.     It  was 
supported  by  McClernand  on  tbo  right,  and 


*****F*,.**o,*,.l,****-mMK^*r.    rtbAmmen'.  aid,  sileneed  the  Cnfed.™*  pieces.'    Sl^^^^£oSS^ 


by  the  two  regiments  of  Hurlbut's  brigado  on 
the  left.  This  force,  aided  by  the  fire  from  both 
MeAllistert  and  Wood's  remaining  batteries,  moved 
steadily  on,  meeting  with  comparatively  little  re- 
sistance until  it  nearcd  the  thick  woods,  when  a 
general  advance  was  ordered,  and  tho  Federals 
overcame  tho  lust  decided  stand  made  by  the  Con- 
federates. These  Beauregard  commanded  in  per- 
son, with  the  assistance  of  Generals  Polk,  Bragg 
and  Breckinridge. 

On  the  extreme  Federal  right,  Wallace  had  begun 
the  attack  before  sunrise  by  shelling,  with  Tliiirber's 


80LDIEBS   BURNING   THE   DEAD   HOUSES    AFTEB   THE   BATTLE   OF  PITTSBURG   LANDING,  NEAR   THE   PEACH   ORCHARD. 


fourteenth  Bripule- Colonel  William  L.  Smith  - Thfr- 
leenih  Ohio.  Eleventh  and  Twenty-sixth  Kentucky,  Slenden- 

bt.tr-  Rw'nl.ir  Bail. -ry  imd  BarlMt's  Ohio  Battery. 

Not  Brigudcd- Tliinl  Kentucky  C'avnlry,  First  Ohio  Light 
Artillery  (Buttery  G),  Fourth  United  Stales  Artillery  (Bat- 
teries H  nnd  J[),  and  Becond  IndLu  a  Cavalry. 

fictt  Llririon. 
Brigadier-general  T.  J.  Wood. 

TwenHrtli  Brigade- Brigadier-general  J.  A.  Garfield  - 
Sirty-iburtli  anil  Sixty-fifth  Ohio.  Thirl,,  nth  Michigan  nnil 
Jifly-fitwl  Indiuna. 

Twenty -flret  Brigado- Colonel  G.  D.  Wagner- Fifteenth, 
FortiMh,  and  Eiiiv-sflrmth  Indiana,  and  Twenty -fourth 
Kentucky.  J 

Tbo  Federal  lino  was  almost  perpendicular  to  the 
river,  ami  extended  from  tbo  Hamburg  and  l'urdy 
Road  to  near  Owl  Creek.  Bnell  hold  tbo  extreme 
left  of  tho  advance,  while  tho  forces  of  Nelson, 
Crittenden  and  McCook  were  extended,  in  the  crdcr 
mimed,  toward  tho  corps  of  Louis  Wallace,  which 
occupied  the  extromo  right.  Between  tho  forces  of 
Buoll  and  of  Wallace  lav  the  remnants  of  tho  divi- 
sions engaged  in  the  Qrst  day's  battle,  McOlornand 
being  in  the  ccntro.  and  having  Sherman  nnd  Hurl- 
but  rsapeclivoly  on  his  right  and  loft. 

At  about  htdf-past  Jive  o'clock,  Nelson's  divieion 
moved  forward  through  the  open  woods  and  fields, 
and  was  imickly  followed  by  Crittenden's  division 
and  Rousseau's  Fourth  Brigado.  Nelson  soon  camo 
upon  some  of  Forrest's  cavalry  pickets,  which  lie 
drove  in,  and  shortly  after  stood  faeo  to  face  with 
Chalmers's  brigade,  part  of  Gladden's  and  of 
Jackson's  brigades,  and  several  independent  Ten 


Tho  Federal  success  was  only  assured,  however, 
when  Itoyie's  brigade  camo  on  Nelson's  left,  and, 
aided  by  n  concentric  fire  from  Terrell's,  Slendon- 
halTs,  and  Bart  lot  t'"  LaUorics.  drove  tho  Co?.tedn- 
rates  beyond  their  seconu  -"id  third  batteries, 
capturing  several  of  their  guns. 

While  all  this  was  going  on,  McCook  had  hcon 
strengthened  by  his  Fifth  Brigado,  under  Colonel 
Kirk,  and  by  part  of  the  Sixth,  led  by  Colonel  Gib- 
son. Those  had  been  quickly  ferried  across  from 
Savannah,  and  placed  on  Dousscau'a  right  and  rear, 
and  wero  supported  by  Colonel  August  Willioh's 
Thirty-second  Indiana  Hegiiuout,  as  wotl  na  two 
regiments  belonging  to  lluributa  division.  Rous- 
seau had,  from  tho  first,  (nkoit  an  advanced  posi- 
tion, repulsed  a  heavy  Confederate  charge,  and  in 
turn  attacked  tho  enemy,  which  ho  had  forced  back, 
capturing  one  of  its  batteries. 

Tho  giving  way  of  tho  Confederate  right  allowed 
Rousseau  to  push  along  more  freely  until  ho  mot 
tho  troops  that  had  been  withdrawn  from  NoIbou's 
front,  nnd  wero  being  massed  in  nfoCienmnd's  camp 
of  tho  previous  day.  There  an  obstinate  contest 
took  place;  but  tho  camp  was  at  last  yielded  to 
Rousseau's  troops,  who,  in  addition,  captured  ono 
of  tho  battorioa  which  tho  Confederates  bad  taken 
on  .Sunday,  and  from  whcti  fire  Rousseau  bad  suf- 
fered greatly. 

The  direction  which  Rousseau  laid  been  com- 
pelled to  take  left  a  gap  between  tho  forces  of 
McCook  and  Orittondon,  which  tho  Confederates 
were  about  entering  for  tho  purpose  of  turning 


situated  in  a  deep,  wooded  ravine  opposite.  He  had 
soon  silenced  ono  of  the  enemy's  guns,  nnd  followed 
np  tho  first  attack  by  an  udvancj  upon  the  Con- 
federate left,  commanded  by  General  Bragg,  whose 
position  on  (lie  hill  ho  shortly  after  occupied. 

There  ho  remained,  waiting  for  Sherman's  divi- 
sion to  como  np,  nnd  by  changing  his  front,  made 
an  attempt  to  turn  the  Confederate  left,  in  expecta- 
tion that  Sherman  would  quickly  clc.o  up  tho  in- 
tervening gup.  But  the  Confederates  were  too 
quick  for  him,  nnd  made  a  counter  move,  endanger- 
ing his  right.  Tho  Fcdoral  batteries,  ably  served, 
eheckeil  thit>,  howovor,  nnd,  uided  notably  by  part 
of  the  Eighth  Missouri  Regiment,  succeeded  also  in 
driving  back  a  detachment  or.  cavalry  which  at- 
tempted to  capture  Thurhor'a  six-gnu  battery. 
Colonel  Smith's  First  Brigade  bad  also,  meanwhile, 
repelled  an  attack  mode  by  u  strong  infantry  force 
supported  by  Watson's  powerful  Louisiana  Battery. 
When  Sherman  finally  camo  up,  both  divisions 
advanced  steadily,  not  meeting  with  any  marked 
resistance  until  closo  by  Shilob  Church,  where  they 
encountered  nuoh  o  fierco  infantry  and  artillery  tire, 
that  Shermau'fl  forco  was  compelled  to  fill  bnok 
rapidly.  This  loft  Wallace's  Hank  exposed.  Upon 
it  a  squadron  of  Confederate  cavalry  immediately 
advanced,  but  it  was  met  and  promptly  driven  back 
by  the  Twenty-third  Indiana  a"d  tho  First  Nebraska 
Regiments.  Before  Sherman's  lines  could  bo  re- 
formed,  W,  H..<  -  left  had  again  been  seriously 
on d lingered  by  the  obstinate  attacks  inado  upon  it; 
hut  the  arrival  of   MoQiuuiB'H  Eleventh   Indiana 


VJ91C  *W    STANU  OH    fHE  ARMY  OF  GENERAL  GRANT-  APRIL  frm.  HJQS.  .NEAR  fFFF9B™ 


'HE  m*1    STAND  01    XUE  AK5IV   01?  GEMERAL  ORAOT-  APRIL  MB.  JHOa.  iNEAJJ  PITTSBURG  ttfl'ING,   AFTER  SUCCESSIVE  DEKEATS-ABTILLBRy  IN   rOSITION-KEl'ULSE  OF   JOHNSTONS  ARMY 

fro*  .  ;>4' 6 i  j.  unua 


2j6 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CIVIL     WAR. 


The   soldier   in  our    civil    war. 


■>?? 


W"ood's  Seventy-eighth  Ohio,  and  part  of  McCler- 
nand's  force,  afforded  timely  aid,  and  enabled  Wal- 
lace to  hold  liis  ground  until  a  brilliant  dash,  made 
liy  Colonel  Willieh's  regiment,  which  McCookhad 
rent  forward,  compelled  tho  Confederates  to  givo 
way. 

When  Sherman's  forep  again  advanced,  ij  moved 
n.ureast  of  Bousscau's  brigade,  thus  completing  an 
unbroken  Federal  lino  which,  with  Wallace's  force 
ahead  in  the  wood,  pressed  steadily  forward,  until 
the  enemy  was  found  retreating  in  all  directions, 
and  the  Federals  came  to  a  stand  not  far  from 
Shiloh  Church. 

The  Confederates  hurt  heen  ordered  to  withdraw 
from  the  field,  when  Beauregard  saw  that  further 
resistance  was  useless  without  additional  reinforce- 
ments. He  had  sent  couriers  to  hurry  forward 
Pan  Dora's  army  of  nearly  20,000  men,  with  which 
oe  had  contemplated  renewing  the  attack. 

Failing,  however,   to  ascertain  its  exact  where- 


At  fonr  o'eloek  firing  had  entirely  ceased.  The 
reported  losses  in  the  two  days'  battle,  were,  1,(173 
killed,  7,495  wonnded,  and  3,022  missing,  a  total 
of  12,190,  on  the  side  of  the  Federals ;  and  1,728 
killed,  8,012  wounded,  and  959  inissiDg,  a  total  of 
10.0EI9,  on  the  side  of  the  Confederates. 

Among  tho  additional  casualties  on  the  Confede- 
rate side  were  George  TV.  Johnson,  the  Provisiona'. 
Governor  of  Kentucky,  killed  on  Monday  ;  General 
Gladden,  who  died  from  wounds  previously  re- 
ceived; General  Cheatham,  who  had  three  horses 
shot  under  him,  and  who  was  also  wounded  ;  and 
Generals  Bowen,  Clark,  Johnston,  and  Biudinan, 
who  were  wounded  on  tho  first  day. 

On  tho  Federal  side.  General  Sherman  was  again 
wounded,  and  had  three  horses  shot  under  him, 
during  Monday's  battle;  Colonel  Stuart  was  wounded 
severely  early  the  same  morning,  hut.  kept  tho  field 
till  weakness  compelled  him  to  givo  way  to  Colonel 
T.  Kilby  Smith ;  Colonel  Hicks  and  Lieutcuant- 


thc  12th.  He  reorganized  the  mines  by  giving  tiie 
right  wing  to  General  George  A.  Thomas,  tho  cen- 
tre to  General  Uuel],  and  the  left  to  General  Pope's 
Army  of  the  Missouri,  nearly  25,000  strong.  This 
whole  force,  of  about  108,000  men,  was  given  the 
namo  of  Tho  Grand  Army  of  iho  Tennessee,  with 
General  Grant  second  in  command.  mhe  reserves 
wore  placed  in  charge  of  General  MeClernand. 

No  movement  of  any  importance  was  again  made 
toward  Corinth  until  tho  3d  of  May,  when  the 
Federal  troops  took  possession  of  Monterey,  located 
about  six  milc3  from  Beauregard's  new  lines. 

On  the  30th  of  April,  Colonel  Morgan  L.  Smith 
was  sent  out  by  General  Lewis  Wallace  with  a  bri- 
gade of  infantry  and  three  battalions  of  cavalry, 
and,  after  a  short  engagement  in  the  woods  with 
a  body  of  Confederates,  successfully  tore  np  the 
track  of  tho  Mobile  and  Ohio  Railway,  near  Purdy. 
They  likewise  destroyed  an  important  bridge  close 
by,  thus  cutting  ofl  iho  supplies  and  reinforcement! 


SOEHE   IN   CAMP    LIFE   JJEFOtlE   CORINTI! 


OLONTEERS. 


>1  iirats  at  that  time,  lie  had  asked  '  '"lone!  Chishohu 
!o  superintend  the  clearing  of  the  roods,  and  leav- 
ing Colonel  Thomas  Jordan,  adjutant-general  of 
the  army,  to  protect  the  retreat,  lie  had  caused  the 
retirement  of  his  forces,  which  wm  begun  at  about 
half-past  two,  and  continued  in  perfect  order  and 
precision,  in  the  direction  of  Corinth. 

Beauregard's  reserve  of  nearly  12,000  men,  in 
'-barge  of  Breckinridge,  was  posted  on  a  command- 
ing ridge,  and  remained  there  for  nearly  half  an 
lionr  awaiting  attack.  It  is  said  that,  in  the  ex- 
pectation of  a  vigorous  pursuit,  Beauregard  had 
told  Breckinridge  :  "  This  retreat  must  not  bo  a 
rout!  Ton  hold  the  enemy  back,  if  it  requires  tho 
loss  of  your  last  man,"  and  that  the  reply  was" 
"  Tour  orders  shall  be  executed  to  the  letter." 
_  Breckinridge's  forces  were  not  attacked  at  their 
hrst  stand,  and  were  therefore  withdrawn,  and 
*  last  encamped  some  two  miles  from  the  battle- 
Bold,  wlicro  they  remained  for  the  night,  having 
heen  finally  pursued,  in  the  cold,  drizzly  rain  and 
hail,  only  as  for  as  tho  bluffs  of  Lick  Creek  by 
the  advance  of  General  W-nd'a  division,  winch  hail 
hurt  reached  the  battle-ground. 


colonols  Kyle  and  E.  F.  W.  Elba  wore  mortally 
wounded  on  Sunday,  and  Lien  tenant-colonel  Wal- 
cutt,  of  the  Forty-sixth  Ohio,  was  severely  wounded 
the  same  day. 

For  sanitary  reasons,  the  Confederate  and  Federal 
i. end  were  buried  and  tho  horses  burned  immedi- 
ately after  the  second  day's  battle. 

On  Tuesday,  the  8th,  General  Sherman  took  two 
brigades  and  some  cavalry  on  a  rceon- 
aoisflancs  along  tho  lower  Corinth 
Road,  white  General  Woe!  "dvauced  with  two  bri- 
gades on  tho  upper  road  for  tlio  sumo  purpose. 
T hoy  encountered  some  cavalry  at  General  Breckin- 
ridge's encampment  of  I  lie  previous  night,  and  pur- 
sued it  until  mooting  with  Colonel  Forrest's  force, 
who  bad  with  him  detachments  of  Texas  and  Ken- 
tucky troops,  mid  u  company  of  Wirt  Adams's  regi- 
ment. These  engaged  tho  Federals,  and  forced 
them  back,  only  retiring  again  toward  General 
Breckinridge's  camp  after  the  severe  wounding  of 
Colonel  Forrest. 

On  the  9th  of  April,  Major-general  II.  W.  ITal- 
look  left  St.  Louis,  and  proceeded  to  Pittsburg 
Landing,  where  ho  arrived,  and  took  tho  lie!.,  on 


likely  to  reach  Bean  regard's  army  from  Jackson, 
Tonn.  While  tho  bridge  was  burning,  tho  Federals 
captured  and  destroyed  ft  locomotive  that  had  been 
dispatched  from  Corinth  to  help  through  soma 
trains  filled  with  troops  from  Memphis. 

On  tho  3d  of  May,  P<>pe  ordered  Generals  Paine 
and  Palmer  to  proceed  on  a  reeon- 
noissanco  toward  an  important  Con- 
federate outpost  commanded  by  General  J.  S. 
Maruiaduke. 

They  took  with  them  the  Tenth  and  Sixteenth 
Michigan,  anil  the  Tenth,  Sixteenth.  Twenty 
second,  Twenty-sovontii,  Forty-*econd,  and  Fifty- 
first  Illinois  Regiments,  Yates's  Illinois  Battalion  of 
Sharpshooters,  He/cook's  Ohio  and  Hough tnling's 
Illinois  Batteries,  and  the  Second  Michigan  Cav- 
alry, and  met  tho  Confederates  at  a  small  place 
called  Fiirmington,  situated  about  five  miles  to  tho 
northwest  of  Corinth. 

A  short  though  sanguinary  engagement  took 
place,  with  a  Fedend  loss  of  2  killed  and  21 
wounded,  tho  Confederates  having  lost  nearly  ISO 
killed  and  wounded,  besides  their  camp,  supplies, 
and  2UU  prisoners. 


*7* 


Tilh     SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CIVIL     IVAR. 


v;rA     "M$^    w^i..J- 


WE     SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR 


279 


HarmadnVe  returned  to  Corinth  anu  the  Fed- 
irals  continued  on  with  cavalry  and  artillery  to 
Glendnlc,  east  of  Oorintb,  where  they  tore  np  the 
mil  way-track,  and  destroyed  two  very  important 
ires  tie -bridges. 

On  the  9th  of  Hay,  the  Confederates  attacked 
tho  force  which  Pope  had  left  to  hold  Farmington, 
intending  to  cut  off  tho  Federal  lino  of  retreat. 
Generals  Van  Dorn,  Hardee,  Polk,  Bragg;  and 
Breckinridge  co-operated  in  the  attack,  but,  mainly 
throngh  tho  inefficiency  of  the  principal  guide,  the 
advance  was  delayed,  and  the  Federals  discovered 
tbe  intended  flanking  movement  in  time  to  partly 
offset  it. 

The  capture  of  the  entire  Fedoral  force  was,  in 
fact,  only  prevented  by  its  prompt  retreat  behind 
Seven  Miles  Creek.  This  was  effected  after  losing 
nearly  800  in  killed  and  wounded,  besides  a  number 
of  prisoners  and  a  large  quantity  of  arms  and  equip- 
ments. 

Pope  returned,  however,  on  the  ISth  of  May, 
toward  Farmington,  mid  not  meeting  any  resist- 
ance, occupied  tbe  place  with  his  whole  army,  while 
Sherman's  force  was  advancing  toward  the  Confede- 
rate left,  in  front  of  which  latter  ho  succeeded  in 
planting  his  heavy  guns  a  few  days  Inter. 

General  Hnlleck  had  steadily  advanced  tho  Fed- 
eral army,  after  cutting  Beauregard's  railway  com- 
munications to  the  north  and  east  of  Corinth,  and 
sending  Colonel  Elliott  to  cut  off  tho  Mobile 
and  Ohio  Railway  in  the  rear,  and  by  May  30th  he 
had.  throngh  strong  reconnoissunces.  compelled  the 
abandonment  of  the  Confederate  advance  batteries, 
and  enabled  the  Federals  to  place  their  siege-guns 
in  position  within  about  1,301.'  yard-  of  Heauregard'e 

Halleck  expected  to  give  battle  early  on  tho  30th, 
and  all  was  in  readiness  for  the  attack,  but  it  was 
then  found  that  the  Confederates  had  completed 
ilie  evacuation  of  Corinth  during  tho  night,  after 
firing  the  town  at  ail  important  points  and  blowing 
up  the  magazines. 

Beauregard  had,  for  several  day?,  been  removing 
hie  sick  and  wounded,  as  well  as  all  the  valuable 
stores  that  he  conld  easily  carry  away,  destroying 
nil  the  rest,  and  when  tho  Federals  entered  the 
town,  they  found  on  nearly  all  sides  but  smolder- 
ing ruins. 

Tbe  Confederates  first  haired  behind  the  Tus- 
onmbia  River,  at  a  point  about  sis  miles  from 
Corinth,  in  the  anticipation  of  pursuit,  hut  none 
being  made,  aside  from  that  instituted  by  Gordon 
Granger  in  tbe  direction  of  Guntown,  on  tho  Mobile 
and  Ohio  Railway,  where  a  few  stragglers  were  cap- 
tured, they  continued  their  retreat  to  Baldwin, 
some  twenty-four  miles  further.  There  they  re- 
mained until  the  7th  of  Juno,  when  they  resumed 
(heir  march  southward  to  a  place  culled  Tupelo, 
the  capital  of  Lee 
County,  Miss.,  abon' 
fifty-two  miles  from  Co- 
rinth. 

While  General  Halleek 
remained  in  persona' 
command,  no  other  mili 
tary  movement  of  note 
took  place.  On  the  11th 
of  July  he  was  called  to 
Washington,  and  twelve 
days  later  given  the 
chief  command  of  all 
the  Federal  armies.  Gen- 
eral Thomas  was  left  in 
H.arge  of  that  portion 
0!    tbe  Grand  Army   of 


ji  inmofiua  He  displaycii  L"-ont  aptitude  through  am  ma 
Studies,  and  soon  evinced  on  nstrnr.Tdinary  liking  for,  and 
rtmarknblo  proficiency  in,  nil  pertaining  to  Iho  arts  of 
war.  His  strict  observance,  of  military  discipline  soon  won 
tho  admiration  or  oil  Around  aim,  and  bis  advancement 
was  very  rapid.  One  year  after  tiis  graduation  he  was  made 
n  first  lieutoouit,  and   promoted   to  a  captaincy  in   18-H, 


880-SIKa,  ISJb.  u"Dero'  iHHIee  tcbs  afflignud  tc  command 
in  Smith  Carolina  and  m  uih< 
ern  harbors  without 
the  presence  of  a  large 
Una;  of  annul  vessels, 
ilefiTi. lined  In  purchase 
1  dee;  of  o!(i  vends  of 
large  tonnage,  loud 
•Jiern   with  s 

jutua  of 


the  harbon  of  Charles- 
ton and  Savannah. and 
then  sink  thr,  and  the  skill 
1  nd  time  it  required  to 

The  Uect 
cost  the  Government 
:iimijt  s),'i0.h00,  and  nr- 
rived  oil  Charleston  on 
the  lfJLh  of  December, 
IBol,  and  fifteen  01 
>  of  the  Orel 
were  quickly  got  into 
[riwition,  n*  indicated 
mi  the  ma,],  the  plugs 
previously  prepared 
fcnoeki.il  out,  anil  the 
ships  with  sails  set  and 
Ibigii  flying  '-rudually 
of  sight, 
leaving  but  the  upper 
rigging  to  view.  The 
renin  in  ing  ten  vessels 
nnd  (heir  convoys, 
taking  the  crews  on 
board,  proceeded  lo  (be 
mouth  of  tin- Savannah 
River,  and  were  con- 
signed to  ihi  shifting 
sjimls  of  that   


1  the 


rtled 


lelion  of  the  en- 

,-s  !o  Ih  oseti  arbors. 

Confederates  hud 

j     this   used    the 

of  block 

■.      At   Ihe  lime  the 

lend     forces      took 

session      of    Tybre 

mil,    they      scuithd 

'I  .sink  -r-vi-ral  hulks 

opro- 


MAP  01'   FOUT   PULASKI.  WITfl   THE   POSITIONS  ,  issued 
an  order  declaring  slavery  abolished  in  his  depart  meat. 
This  orilei  created  so  much  fceliog  at  the  time,  that 
President  Lincoln  promptly  Issued  a  proclamation  annul- 
ling it.*  Hunter  was  transferred  to  the  Depuitmenl  of 
West  Virginia,  replacing  General  Sij;el  in  May,  18W  and 
subsequently  look  part  in  thebultleofPieilnic.nl.  as  well  as 
ia  the  operations  against  Lynchburg.  He  was  relieved  of 
command,  at  bis  own  request,  by  General  Sheridan  on  the 
7th  ol  August,  lSflJ.  In  the  following  year,  Hunter  was 
made  a  member  of  the  military  commission' a  p  on  i  ted  to 
try  those  engap  id  in  the  shooting  of  President  Lincoln  and 
attempted   c 


BXlSPITAL  BUILDING  OH  TYBICE  ISLAND. 


fort  was 
ndjutaul 


Generals  1 
Sunday,  th 
wore  takei 


Duponl's  chief  of  stair  and  fleet  captain  with  the  Porl  Royal 

expedition,  had  Uie  supaiialt enve  of  the  sinking  ol  "the 

stone   Hum  ,n  I  h  .    ■  •■■..,   Harbor,   and  I,.,-  the   untiring 

energy  lie  tUspfaj , -.1  in  i seen  lion  of  orders  throughonl 

the  most  trying  periods  ui  I ttat expedition,  be  was  i-owarded 
with  the  grade  of  captain,  iv  hah  was  rapidly  followed  by 
that  ol  commodore,  while  in  command  of  II, e  flotilla operat- 
I njr  against  the  fleeter  the  Confederate  Commodore  Tntnall, 
in  the  Savannah  River,  January  28th.  18(53.  On  the  Oth  of 
May,  !8ti  1,  he  idievedFooiu  of  thecommatul  of  the  Western 
Meet  oil  Fort  Pillow,  and  on  one  occasion,  with  but  seven 
vessels,  ho  succeeded  in  beating  off  eight  Confederate  iroa- 


i:s  iii:ni;v  da  vis 


^^y^gfeagjhd 


-^m^m. 


i"$rft 


is 


%W^'4"S 


EXTERIOR   VIEW  OF    FORTIFICATIONS  ERECTED  W*  •**$  FEI 


INTERIOR  01'    THE  MORTAR  BATTERY  "STANTON,"  TYBKE  ISLAND,   SHOWING   THE   Ol'EK 


EXTERIOR   VIEW  OF    FORTIFICATIONS  ERECTED  ■"  ™E   FEDERAL  TROOPS   AT  HILTON  HEAD.   PORT   ROYAL   HARBOR.  S.   C. 


EJTElliUK  OF  THE  ilORTAK  BATTERY  "STANTON,"  TYBEE   ISLAND,   SHOWING   THE   OPERATION  OF   I'll;  TII[RTEEN-INCH    MORTAK  DiJttlNG  THE   BOUJaKDMISNT  OF   FORI    PULASO,   APRIL   "h-u,  1863. 


ag2 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 

f,        \      '      /'jl 


THE    SOLDIER     IN     OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


*93 


CAPTURE  \jV  NEW   ORLEANS. 

Afl  boom  as  General  Butler  had  carried  out  the 
ordcre  which  the  Secretary  of  War  h:ul  given  him 
after  the  surrender  of  Fort  Hatrerns,  "  to  raise, 
ni-iii,  uniform  and  erjuip  a  volunteer  force"  espe- 
cially for  serried  In  Southern  waters,  lie  was  asked 
to  suggest  the  best  place  of  rendezvous  for  an  ex- 
pedition against  Mobile.  Ho  named  Ship  Island, 
located  off  tbo  Mississippi  const,  between  Luke 
Borgno  and  Mobile  Bay,  and  his  suggestion  was 
adopted,  as  Ship  Island  proved  to  be  within  strik- 
ing distance  of  every  important  locality  of  tbo 
Gulf  of  Mexico. 

In  the  mouth  of  December,  1S61,  General  J. 
TV.  Phelps  was  sent  to  the  island  in  the  steam- 
ship Constitution,  with  the  advance  of  Butler's 
troops,  which  wore  duly  landed.  The  Constitution 
then  returned  to  embark  the  remainder,  and  had 
already  taken  2,01(0  more  men,  who  were  to  ho 
nccoriij-aiiicd  by  General  Butler  himself,  when  the 
latter  received  a  Government  message  directing 
him  to  disembark  the  men,  and  not  to  sail  until 
further  instructions. 

General  Butler  immediately  sought  and  obtninei' 
an  interview  with  Secretary  of  War  Edwin  M. 
Stanton,  who  had  superseded  Simon  Cameron  on 
Ike  13th  of  January,  1SG2,  and  learned  that  the 
loiuplicjitions  likely    to   arise  with  Great  Britain. 


rngnt  not  silencing  the  Confederate  guns,  he  should 
make  an  attempt  to  run  by  the  forts,  utid  take  all 
the  defenses  in  the  rear,  while  the  land  forces 
under  General  Butler  wonld  make  nu  attempt  to 
curry  the  forts  by  assault, 

The  last  of  Farrngnt's  fleet  could  not  successfully 
be  got  over  the  bar  until  tbo  8th  of  April,  nor  was 

a  ism,  lt  m  tIie  17th  oi  tuB  Eume  month 
that  tho  combined  naval  and  land 
forces  were  ready  for  action. 

During  that  long  interval,  the  entire  course  of 
tho  river  had  been  surveyed  np  to  tho  two  forts 
commanding  tho  approaches  to  the  city.  These 
wore  Fort  Jackson,  on  the  western  side,  containing 
seventy-four  guns,  with  a  supplemental  battery  of 
six  guns,  and  Foil  St.  Philip,  on  tbo  opposite  side 
of  tbo  Mississippi,  mounting  forty  guns.  Tho  forti- 
fications were  under  the  command  of  Lieutonant- 
colonel  Edward  lliggina,  while  all  tho  river  de- 
fenses were  in  charge  of  General  J.  K.  Duncan, 

In  addition  to  the  forts  and  tho  battery  before 
alluded  to,  the  entrance  to  tho  city  was  defended  by 
a  fleet  of  thirteen  Confederate  gunboats,  tho  iron- 
clad floating  battery  Louisiana,  tho  ironclad  ram 
Manassas,  and  several  fire-rafts.  All  those  lay 
under  the  guns  of  tho  forts  and  behind  a  heavy 
iron  chain,  with  hut  one  opening,  which  was 
stretched  over  eiirht  hulks,  and  extended  From  Ifort 
Jackson  to  the  battery  opposite. 


iiio  Ifaifotk  Pooka.,  T.  A  Marti,  Bar  art,  Jiealcs, 
Oliver  11.  lee,  O.  />.  Williams,  William  Bacon, 
Para,  Orletta,  Sidney  C.  /wis*,  M.  Vass.tr,  Jr., 
M,  J.  Carhton,  Adolphe  flugd,  Qrvetta,  George 
Mangham,  John-  Griffith,  Sat  ah  Bruin,  Henry 
James,  Dan.  Smith,  Raur,  and  the  Sea  Foam. 

Commander  Porter's  flagship  was  the  steamer 
Harriet  Lane,  i,  which  was  accompanied  bv  the 
guuboat  Oicasco,  5,  Lieutenant  Guest. 

Tbo  land  forces,  embracing  about  9,000  men. 
were  on  the  following  transports: 

Mississippi,  with  General  Butler  and  staff ,  tki 
Twenty-sixth  and  Thirty-first  Massachusetts  Regi- 
monts,  nnder  Colonels  Jones  and  Gooding,  and 
Everett's  Sixth  Massachusetts  Battery. 

Great  Republic,  General  WillianiB,  with  the 
Fourth  Wisconsin,  Sixth  Michigan,  and  Twenty- 
Brat  Indiana  Regiments,  nnder  Colonels  Paine. 
Cnrtinas  and  MeMillen. 

North  America,  the  Thirtieth  Massnchusetls 
Regiment,  Colonel  Dudley,  and  a  company  each  <■( 
Durivage'a  and  Pood's  Cavalry. 

ifatantas,  General  Phelps,  with  the  Ninth  Con- 
necticut Regiment,  Colonel  Cahill,  aud  Holcomb't 
Second  Vermont  Battery. 

Will  Farley,  the  Twelfth  Connecticut,  Colonel 
Doming. 

The  Confederates  sent  down  several  of  their  tire- 
rafts  dining  the  afternoon  and  night  of  the  17th, 


BURNING   OF  CONFEDERATE   GUNBOATS,  RAMS   . 


AND    ALQIEHB,  ON   THE   APPltOAOFJ    OF  TUB   FEDERAL   FLEKT. 


u.ip"m. 


-Tom  the  Mason  nnd  Slid  oil  capture,  necessitated  a 
>  mango  in  tho  contemplated  movements.  Tito 
result  of  their  conference  was  tho  selection  of  New 
Orleans  as  the  ii™t  most  important  objective  point 
in  lieu  of  Mobile,  and  when  the  decision  was  laid 
before  President  Lincoln,  it  met  with  his  imme- 
diate approval. 

Tho  Department  of  tho  Gulf  was  created,  nnd 
General  Butler  placed  at  its  head.  On  tho  25th  of 
Fehrao.7,  18C2,  Butlor  embarked  at  Hampton 
Elondp,  nboard  the  steamship  Mississippi,  with  his 
wife  ami  staff,  and  reached  Ship  Inland  on  tho  25th 
id  March,  after  a  protracted  and  dangcroiia  passago, 
especially  along  the  coast  of  North  Carolina,  where 
ilio  Mississippi  was  twice  wrecked,  and  after  ex- 
periencing further  delay  at  Port  Royal,  where  tho 
injuries  to  tho  vessel  bad  to  bo  repaired. 

Captain  David  Glasgow  Farragut  had,  mmit- 
ivhilo,  reached  Ship  Island  on  tbo  2lUh  of  Febru- 
ary, after  a  voyage  of  eighteen  days  from  Hampton 
Roads,  IIo  had,  on  tho  20th  of  tho  previous 
month,  'jeen  instructed  by  tho  Secretary  of  tho 
Navy  to  proceed  without  de'ay  to  tho  Gulf  of 
Mexico  and  there  receive  from  Flag-ollieer  McKean 
Hie  command  of  tho  Western  Gillf  Squadron.  This 
dune,  ho  was  to  tako  with  him  a  fleet  of  mortar- 
boats,  which  wero  to  rendezvous  at  Key  West, 
under  Commander  David  D,  Porter,  and,  with  such 
of  Hie  blockading  vessels  as  could  bo  spared,  pro- 
ceed to  attack  New  Orleans,  and  bold  tho  city  or 
its  approaches  until  Fcdond  troops  conld  bo  sont  to 
nig  assistance. 

It  wan  liknwiso  decided  that,  in  the  6<>eol  of  K*r- 


Tho  Louisiana  had  In  gnus  and  tho  Manas- 
bos  only  1.  Tho  Confederate  gunboats  were:  Tho 
Governor  Moore,  3;  General  Quitman,  2;  Stone- 
wall Jackson,  2  ;  Warrior,  2 ;  Resolute,  2 ;  De- 
fianj!,  2;  Me  Rite,  8;  Galveston,  2;  Anglo-Nor- 
man, 2 ;  Breckinridge,  I ;  Lovell,  1  ;  and  Star,  I. 
The  first  six  gunboats  had  iron  prows  attached  to 
them,  and  wero  niado  shot-proof  by  eottoti-balo 
bulkheads.  They  wero  commanded  respectively 
by  Captains  Kennon,  Grant,  Philips,  Stephenson, 
Hooper  and  McCoy. 

Early  on  tlio  17th,  ail  the  Federal  vessels  were 
drawn  together  about  (our  miles  below  tlio  fori- 
These  ooMbted  of  the  steamships  Hartford  ( flag. 
ship),  2K.  Captain  Wainright;  Pensaeola,  24,  Cap- 
tain Morris;  Drnklfn,  So,  Captain  Craven;  Rich- 
mond, 2G,  Captain  Aldon,  nnd  tho  Mississippi,  12, 
Captain  M.  Smith,  besides  tho  gunboats  ■tud  armed 
tugs,  Iroquois,  9,  Commander  Do  Camp;  Oneida, 
10,  Commander  S.  P.  Leo;  Portsmouth,  17,  Com- 
mander Rogers ;  Vartna,  12,  Captain  Bnggs ;  Cayu- 
ga, 5,  Lieutenant  Harrison;  Winona,  i,  Lieutenant 
Nichols;  Katahdin,  8,  Lieutenant  Preble;  Itasca 
5,  Lieutenant  Caldwell;  Kineo,  G,  Lieutenant  Han- 
som; Wissahiohon,  5,  Lieutenant  A.  N.  Smith; 
Piuola,  fi.  Lieutenant  Crosby  ;  Kennebec,  5,  Lieu, 
tenant  Russell  ;  Scioto,  0,  Lieutenant  Donolaon  ; 
Kittutinuy,  9,  Lieutenant  Lamson  ;  Westjhhl,  (l, 
Captain  Rcnshuw  ;  tho  Clinton,  Jackson,  Saxon,  and 
tho  Miami,  6,  Lieutenant  Harroll. 

Tho  mortur-boats  wore  inudo  up  in  throo  divi- 
sions, commanded  respectively  by  Lieutenants  Wat- 
son, Smith,  Queen  and  White.    They  consisted  of 


but  they  were  dragged  out  of  harm's  way  by  boats 
from  the  Iroquois  and  the  gunboat  Wesijield,  and 
allowed  to  burn  out  along  tbo  shore  without  caus- 
ing any  damage  whatever. 

On  the  morning  of  tho  18  th,  Fort  Jackson 
opened  tire,  which  was  at  once  re- 
sponded to  by  tbo  Owasca  aud  the 
mortar-boats,  six  of  which  were  in  full  view  of  the 
fort,  while  the  remaining  fourteen  lay  concealed 
by  tho  woods  along  the  shore.  Tho  bettor  to  hide 
his  schooner  mortar-boats  from  view,  Porter  had 
covered  their  sides  with  Mississippi  mod,  and  at- 
tached branches  of  trees  to  tlicir  rigging  ant)  masts. 

All  day  long  lire  was  exchanged  between  the 
fort  and  mortar- boats,  the  gnu  boats  occasionally 
takiug  pari  i.i  tho  engagement,  and  when  the 
firing 1  >r  dark,  tfai   Fodomls  bad  but  two  of 

killed  and  three  wonnded. 

Tbo  bombardment  was  resumed  tbo  day  follow 
ing,  when  the  Federals  had  one  man  killed  and  two 
wounded,  and  had,  besides,  one  mortar-boat  (M.  .1. 
Carletoii)  sunk  and  another  temporarily  disabled 
by  Confederate  shells. 

Tho  tiring  was  thus  exchanged  with  tho  forts, 
and  without  uracil  damage  on  tho  Federal  side, 
until  tbo  20th  of  the  month,  when  a  council  of 
captains  was  called  by  Farragut  on  board  of  the 
flagship  Hartford,  us  it  was  apparent  that  ciier 
and  inoro  effective  means  innst  be  employed  to 
reduco  the  forts. 

It  was  decided  that  Ihe  forts  should  DO  mil,  and 
that,  preparatory   thereto,   the    obain    nud    hu'k 


>9f 


TUB    SOLDTER    IN    OUR    CIVIL     WAR. 


THE     SOLDIER    /JV    OUR     CTVTT.     W  A  P 


jostruction  should  he  removed.     The  latter  work        Tho  mos1 
^signed  to  Fleotroaptain  Boil,  who  took  with   eng 


295 


turn  that  very  night  the  gunboats  Itasca  and 
Pinola,  supported  by  the  Iroquois,  Winona  and 
Kennebec. 

The  Ilasca  and  Pinola  wept  op  to  the  barricade 
in  face  of  the  firo  from  both  Fort  Jackson  and  tho 
battery,  but  under  cover  of  darkness.  Tho  Pino!" 
bad  been  given  a  petard  to  throw  on  board  one  of 
the  bulks,  and  to  be  ignited  by  an  electric  spark, 
iit.  after  throwing  it,  the  PttioJa  was  caught  by  t lie 
:*;  oug  current,  thrown  down  -stream,  and  her  Gon- 


ortant  safeguard  was  dorwed  by  the  water  about  *m,  >jecks,  for  tho  purpose  of  extin- 

neer  of  the  Richmond,  and  was  adopted  by  the  guishing  firoand  for  drinking.     Have  heavy  kedgo 

,..lo  Rest.     It  consisicd  in  hamrin?  om*  ihooidra  in  the  port  main-chains,  iiiuhwhip  on  the  main-yard, 

vessels  loops  of  iron  chain  coles,  to  -urrwt  the  ready  to  run  It  np  and'  let  fall  on  the  deck  of  any 

Dgress  of  shot  and  prevent  damage  more  par-  vessel  you  may  ran  alongside  of,  in  order  to  seeuro 

ularly  to   the    machinery.     Farragnt'e   general    her  for  boarding " 

lor  seemed    to  provide   for  every  possible  con-  The  night  of  the  23d  of  April  was  very  dark, 

.goncy.     In  it  ho  says :  "  Yon  will  bo  cahed  upon  owjng  to  a  heavy  fog,  which  caused 

meet  the  enemy  in  the  worst  form  for  our  pro-  *"*.""•      tlle    Bmoto    fmm    t]m    Btc;imers    tl] 

md   cold   shot  Will,   no  doubt,  ho  settle  upon  the  water. 

I  there  must  bo  stout  hearts  TlieAreca  ran  up  at  about  eleven  o'clock  to 

languish  the  one  and  stop  the  where  the  cliah  had  been  extended,  and  signaled 


t  dealt  t 


CTJV    AHT1BT,  WILLIAM    WAOO,  3EETCHINU    TltR   NAVAL   SNGAOEBtBNT   BETWEEN   TUB    PKDKItAL    FLEET    AND   TII15    CONFKIJKll 
AND   GUNllOATS.  OK   THE   MISSISSIPPI    IUVBR,  FIIOM   THE   F0RETO1'    OF  TUB    U.S.  WAR   STKAJIlCIl   ".U1SSISSIPJ1 


lueti  g  wire  broken  before   tho  spark   could   ho 
ransmitted. 

The  Itatea  had,  meanwhile,  lashed  herself  to  one 
f  tho  hulks,  upon  whioli  her  men  had  jumped,  soon 
overing   tho   heavy  chain  with  hammer,  saw  and 
hn-iL     When  the  chain  parted,   the   Uasca    iiac" 
n   forced    back   toward    tho    Bhoro  against   tho 
Srfned  hulk,  and  was  for  a  while  in  imminent 
iger  of  being  BWnmped  ;  but  will]  ilio  aid  of  tho 
Pinola,  b!io  wan,  after    many   efforts,  Bucceasfully 
'.luvc1,  and  both  returned,  with  ihn  three  sup- 
porting veasolfl,  t?  their  former  anchorage. 
On  the  evening  of  fclie  23d,  Karragut  was  ready 
f  the  advance,  and   all   precautions  were    taken 
guard  the  lleet  against  1 1 ■  •  ■  dangers  to  which  it 
xi'.-l  necessarily  be  exposed. 


holes  of  tlio  oilier."  Among  other  things,  tho  com- 
manders woro  ordered  to  "trico  up  tho  topmast 
stays,  or  land  tho  whiskers,  and  bring  all  the  rig- 
ging into  tho  bowsprit,  so  that  tl.oro  bo  nothing 
in  llio  run  go  of  tho  direct  firo  ahead,  Mount  one 
or  two  gnus  on  Die  pimp  and  topgallant  forccitstlu, 
hearing  in  mind  that  you  will  always  luivo  to  rido 
head  to  Iho  current,  and  can  only  avail  yourself  of 
tho  sheor  of  iho  helm  to  point  a  broadside  gun 
more  than  Mirco  points  fonvard  of  tho  beam.  P.t'-t 
a  kidgo  n  tlio  mh/.ou.-  chains;  a  luiwaor  twr.l 
through  tho  stem-ohook ;  tlso  grapnola  to  tow  oil 
ii  '■  ■  '■  i  ■  ■  1 1  .i  "  light  Jaco  i-ladders  made  to  throw 
over  tho  side  for  tho  n*j  cf  carpenters  in  stopping 
shot-holes.  Seo  that  pumps  and  hose  are  in  good 
order  for  Gxtiwndshinfr  fire.     Have  many  tubs  of 


tho  channel  clear  of  all  obstructions  except  the 
hulks.  Shortly  nfter  one  o'clock  on  the  morning 
of  tho  94th  everybody  was  called  to  notion,  and 
about  an  hour  later  two  small  red  liglite  were 
shown  as  a  signal  for  tho  advance.     At  about  half- 


post  t 

rcc  tho 

loot  was 

well  in 

dor  way. 

Tin 
forori 

Hartford-  w 

th    Km 

gttt  pi 

relied  in  the 

limn, 

IK-llldil 

gtli     . 

ind  / 

roeUtfn,  and 

Capta 

i  Thet 

lorn*  1 

idev,  in 

lie  r.i 

fuga,  led  th" 

right 

hvitdiu 

cuilu- 

Clllg    tin 

Pais 

icola,  Peru 

sippi, 

>,"■;,!", 

k'ltah, 

in,    Yamna, 

Wiss 

hiclcon 

ami   ./ 

I'.  .1 

A-son.     rha 

third 

divisio 

i,    und 

r    Capb 

ii    He 

ry  H.   BeL' 

included    tho 

■Scioto, 

Iroqvo 

v,     Pi 

i'/'i     I/a*  a, 

k,  and  Kemubeo.     As  soon  as 

thv  Uecl  had 

?p6 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIC      WAR 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


fairly  started,  the  mortur- 
boats  opened  a  terrible 
norm  upon  Fort  Jackson, 
as  well  as  upon  tlio  battery, 
the  hitter  being  also  en- 
gaged by  the  Harriet  Lane, 
Owanco,  'Ytstjid'l,  Clinton. 
unci  Miami. 

Fort  Jackaon  did  not  re- 
ply until  tho  Cayuga  came 
nearly  on  n  lino  with  the 
battery,  when  a  heavy  Con- 
federate firo  was  opened  on 
all  Pv'.es.  Nor  did  the  Ca- 
yuga respond  until  closo 
upon  Fort  St.  Philip,  when 
she  opened  upon  the  latter 
heavy  broadsides  of  grape 
and  canister.  Captain 
Bailey's  other  vessel  in  turn 
followed  suit,  and  with  the 
exception  of  the  Portsmouth, 
which  lost  her  t^w,  the 
Jackson,  and  drifted  down 
tho  river,  all  passed  by  with- 
out experiencing  much  damage.  Aa  the  Cayuga 
cot  beyond  Fort  St.  Philip,  she  was  attacked  by 
tho  Confederate  flotilla,  under  command  of  Captain 
Mitchell  of  tho  Louisiana.  With  no  supporting 
vessel  then  within  easy  reach,  she  would  have 
succumbed  to  the  combined  attack  had  not  Cap- 
lain  Bailey  rapidly  exercised  flio  utmost  caution 
in  warding  oil  attempts  to  ram  and  hoard  his 
•  essel,  and  used  hia  guns  to  tho  best  advantage. 
Before  the  Varuna  had  come  up  to  bis  rescue, 
Bailey  had  compelled  tho  surrender  of  three  of  the 
Confederate  gunboats,  and  caused  the  grounding  of 
■mother. 

As  the  now  badly  crippled  Cayuga  continued  her 
ivay  up  the  river,  in  accordance  with  Farragut's 
instructions,  tho  Yar-L/ia  found  herself  nearly 
bemmed  in  by  Confederate  vessels.  Captaiu  Boggs, 
however,  rushed  in  their  midst,  delivering  broad- 
sides in  even'  direction,  and  before  long  had 
completely  disabled  one  of  tho  vessels,  apparently 
crowded  with  troops,  as  well  as  driven  ashore  and 
'orced  the  blowing  up  of  tbreo  others. 

The  Varuna  was  about  moving  ahead,  when  she 
was  fiercely  assailed  by  tho  Governor  Moore,  which, 
under  the  ccinmand  of  Uuverley  Kcnuon,  snccDcded 
in  ramming  her  simultaneously  with  tho  delivery  of 
a  raking  firs  that  killed  four  and  wounded  nino  of 
tho  Vanilla's  crew.  Captain  Boggs  managed,  how- 
ever, to  get  some  3-inch  shells  and  rifle  shots  abaft 
the  Maoris  armor,  compelling  her  to  drop  out  in 
11  disabled  condition.     He  was  then  attached  hv 


LAST   BROADSIDE   OF  THE  "  VARUNA.    -COMMANDER    BOGGS   F1HES   THREE   GCNS 

OF  THE   FEDERAL   GUNBOAT   IIEFORE   SHE   SIXES. 

Fiiom  A  Skbtcu  mW.VfAuo. 


29, 

and  afterward  full  broad- 
sides of  grape  nnd  canister 
that  seemed  for  the  while 
to  thoroughly  clear  all  tho 
barbette  guns  of  tho  fort. 

Tho  Pensacola  suffered 
greater  loss  than  any  of  tho 
other  vessels.  She  had  de- 
tiber.itely  engaged  Fort  St. 
Philip,  frequently  returning 
its  heavy  fire,  and  her  men 
had  successfully  avoided  tho 
first  discharges  bj  laying 
fiat  on  the  decks,  but  tho 
subsequent  firo  had  proved 
quite  destructive,  and  her 
loss  in  wounded  was  very 
large  indeed. 

The      Richmond,      Which 

was  tho  slowest  of  the 
three  vessels,  also  fired  on 
both  forts,  without  suffering 
damage,  wlu'le  on  her  way 
np;  but  the  Brooklyn  was 
less  fortunate.  She  had 
another  vessel  having  a  concealed  iron  prow,  become  entangled  in  tho  hulks,  and,  while  in  this 
which  was  driven  twice  into  the  Varuna,  the  situation,  had  been  attacked  by  the  Man-ansas,  in 
second  time  crushing  in  her  side  to  such  an  ex-  charge  of  Captain  Warley.  The  latter  sent  into 
tent  that  sho  sank  some  fifteen  minutes  later,  the  Brooklyn,  at  a.  distance  of  only  ten  feet,  some 
Before  the  Varuna  settled,  however,  tho  Con-  heavy  shots  that  injured  lier  somewhat,  and  would 
federate  vessel  had  become  entangled,  and  was  so  doubtless  have  disabled  her  completely  but  for  the 
drawn  around  as  to  expose-  her  uuarmorcd  side,  sandbags  that  had  been  judiciously  heaped  around 
into  which  latter  Captain  Boggs  was  enabled  to  her  steam  drum,  and  at  all  important  quarters, 
fire  some  of  bis  S-inch  shells.  After  this,  tho  Con-  The  Manassas  tried  twice  to  rain  her,  bnt  ineffect- 
federoto  vessel  went  asboro,  where  she  was  burned  ually,  as  she  lay  too  close  to  get  up  sufficient  speed 
by  her  commander.  for   overcoming   the   chain  cable  armor  that  had 

Tho  Oneida  had  come  up  in  the  meantime  to  aid  been  swung  around  her. 
the  Varuna.  but  Captain  Boggs  had  motioned  Mm  Tho  Brooklyn  had,  besides,  been  exposed,  mess- 
off  to  tho  Moore,  which  Kenuon  had  caused  to  be  while,  to  a  raking  tire  from  Fort  Jackson,  and  had 
6et  afire  before  abandoning  ber.  The  flames  were  just  managed  to  disentangle  herself  and  escape  the 
extinguished,  and  the  second  officer  and  crew  sur-  Manassas  in  the  darkness,  when  she  was  attacked 
rendered  to  the  Oneida,  which  took  off  afterward  by  a  largo  Confederate  6t earner,  which  she,  ho.7- 
part  of  tho  crew  of  tho  Varuna,  tho  remainder  ever,  soon  disabled  and  sot  atlro.  Sho  thon  pro- 
being  rescued  by  Captain  Bailey's  vessels,  which  ceeded  as  best  sbo  could  in  tho  dark,  and  soon 
had  by  that  time  come  up.  found  herself  in  only  thirteen  fei"t  of  water,  jus* 

Whilo  battling  with  tho  forts,  a  large  raft,  all  abreast  of  Fort  St.  Philip,  which  sho  so  effective.., 
ablaze,  bad  been  suddenly  pushed  against  the  Hart-  engaged  as  to  completely  silence  for  a  while  all 
ford  by  the  Manassas,  and  bad  set  (ire  to  tho  flag-  the  Confederate  guns.  Sho  subsequently  met  on 
ship  ;  but  tho  flame3  had  been  speedily  est  in-  tho  way  several  of  the  Confederate  gunboats,  into 
gnished,  and  tho  Hartford  had  proceeded  on  her  which  she  also  poured  n  destructive  fire  before 
w-.iY,  after  again  pouring  full  broadsides  into  both    joining  the  other  vessels. 

forts.  The  third  division  was  tlffl  least  fortunate  of  all. 

The  Hartford  had  become  engaged  with  Fort  The  Scioto,  IrotpioUsnd  Rind*  tuec&Bt oily  passed 
Jackson  when  within  a  milo  mid  a  quarter  of  it,  the  forts,  bnt  the  Winona  end  Ken*  /"■■  had  got 
giving  it  first  tho  benefit  of  tho  two  guns  which  entangled  among  the  hulks,  and  were  somewhat 
Farragut  had  ordered  placed  upon  her  forecastle,    damaged  by  a  severe  fire  from  both  forts,  before 


AND  UUNHUAT    "  UOVEUNOR  MOOBK.' 


PANORAMIC  VIEW  Off  NEW   ORLEANS.- THE   FEDEKA) 


PANORAMIC  VIEW   OF  HEW   URLEA-NS.- TILE   FEDERAL  FLEET  AT  ANCHOR  UN   THE  RIVER,  AfRLL.  Stan.   1868. 


THE     SOLDIER    IN     OUR     C/T'/L     WAR. 


301 


tbej  could  release  themselves  and  return  to  tlioir 
moorings.     The  Ilasca  had  advanced  bravely,  but 

1 1  lid  ul  tlio  outset  been  pierced  by  several  shots,  one 
of  which  bad  entered  her  boiler,  and  caused  such 
1111  escape  of  steam  as  to  drive  every  one  from 
below.  Other  shots  hud  struck  ber  below  the  water- 
line,  and  she  was  almost  in  n  sinking  condition, 
when  Captain  Caldwell  reluctantly  gave  orders  to 
withdraw. 

Thirteen  vessels  were  thus  jilnced  within  Farm- 
pit's  immediate  reach  above  the  forls,  and  close  by 
the  Quarantine  grounds,  where  the  crippled  Ca_t/natt 
had  stopped,  after  silencing  a  battery  on  the  west 
side  of  the  river  and  capturing  the  companies  of 
Clial motto  (Louisiana)  Sharpshooters  which  were 
guarding  it  under  Colonel  Szymanski. 

As  soc^  as  the  last  of  the  Meet  had  passed  the 
'oris,  at  the  dawn  of  day,  the  ram  Manassas,  which 
.  wsa  (hen  practically  the  only  effective,  remnant  of 
the  Confederate  flotilla,  was  seen  advancing  toward 
the  Federal  vessels.  The  Mississippi  was  ordered 
to  engage  her,  and  Captain  Smith  at  once  dashed 
at  full  speed,  expecting  lo  run  her  down  ;  but  the 

mm  dodged  the  blow,  1  in  doing  go  gut  ngroimd, 

where  she  was  at  once  abandoned  by  her  officers 
and  crew.  The  Mississippi  then  poured  two 
broadsides  into  the  ram,  and  bearded  her,  but  as 
she  was  not  deemed  worth  saving,  she  was  set  nt'ire 
and  sent  adrift.  The  burning  craft  was  soon 
amidst  the  mortar-boats,  some  of  which  opened  lire 
on  ber,  but  flic  settled  before  long,  and,  after  a 
faint  explosion  on  board,  went  to  the  bottom. 

The  time  had  now  come  when  the  land  forces 
could  be  availed  of.  The  mortar-boais  were  vet 
below  the  forts,  close  by  which  General  Butler  and 
,iis  staff,  had.  in  the  midst  of  serious  danger,  been 
reconnoitring  en  board  the  Saxon.  As  Captain 
Boggswas  without  a  vessel,  he  volunteered  to  take 
a  bent  and  make  his  way  through  the  shallow 
bayous  in  the  rear  of  Fort  St.  Philip,  in  order  to 
convey  FarragnVs  messages  to  General  Butler  and 
to  Commander  Porter.  This  was  done  without 
.lelay,  and  while  Porter  remained  to  attend  to  the 
forts,  pending  their  possible  surrender,  Butler's 
troops  were  taken  to  Sable  Island,  situated  a  little 
over  eleven  miles  from  Fort  St.  Philip.  From  here 
they  were  piloted,  mainly  by  Lieutenant  Weitzel, 
.uTfiss  the  bayou  in  suiallboats,  as  well  as  on  foot 
through  the  muddy  creeks,  until  they  finally 
reached  the  Quarantine  grounds  on  the  following 
Saturday  night. 

Early  on  the  morning  of  Friday,  .he  35th,  Farra- 
gitt  moved  up  the  river  with  nine  of 
his  vessels,  headed  by  the  Cayuga. 
The  latter  bad  not  observed  the  signal  for  close 
order,  and  was  quite  far  in  the  advance,  when  she 
eame  upon  General  Smith's  Cbalmette  batteries. 
which  had  been  erected  just  below  the  city,  and 
whose  united  fire  of  twenty  guns  she  had  to 
withstand  until  the  other  vessels  came  up  and  aided 
in  silencing  both  batteries. 

The  fleet  encountered  burning  cotton-ships  and 
touting  timber  as  it  advanced,  and  when  it  rounded 
the  tend  nt  about  noon,  came  in  full  view  of  New 
Orleans,  casting  anchor  an  hour  later  while  a  vio- 
lent rain  and  thunder  storm  was  prevailing.  The 
scene  here  was  one  long  to  bo  remembered.  For  a 
distance  of  five  miles  along  the  levees,  some  fllteon 
thousand  bales  of  cotton,  and  many  thousands  of 
barrels  of  sugar  and  other  staples,  were  burning, 
tvb.lo  in  the  stream  and  at  the  ducks  lay  many 
large  ships,  b  team  boats  and  other  craft,  which  bad 
been  Bel  afire  upon  learning  thai  the  Federals  wore 
about  reaching  the  city. 

Both  the  Governor  of  Louisiana  and  General 
Mansfield  Lovell,  in  command  of  the  Confederate 
Department  of  the  South  as  the  successor  of  Gen- 
eral Twiggs,  Imd  thus  ordered  the  general  do 
struction  of  property  as  soon  as  they  knew  01 
farragut's  advance.  They  had,  besides,  not  only 
directed  the  firing  of  tlio  Algiers  shipyard,  opposite 
New  Orleans,  as  well  as  of  the  immense,  though  yet 
unfinished,  ironclad  ram  Mississippi,  and  of  all  the 
dry-docks,  warehouses,  wood  and  coal  yards,  but 
they  had  sent  down-stream  burning  cotton-shipn, 
adiich  the  Federals  had  encountered,  in  hope  that 
they  might  destroy  soino  of  Farragut's  vcssola.  All 
tt  these,  howovoi,  escaped  injury, 

The  panic  which  bad  so;  in  when  tlio  above 
named  occurrences  took  plaeo  would  havo  been 
ntil]  greater  but  for  the  aid  given  by  tlio  European 
tirbjfudt,  *hi*"i  prompt  efforts  in  eo.|'i"-""UM  the 


tumult  was  very  effective  and  fully  appreciated. 
The  Governor  of  the  State  had  fled  up  the  river, 
scattering  proclamations  which  directed  the  burn- 
ing of  all  cotton  and  other  valuable  property  likely 
to  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  Federals,  and  General 
Lovell    had,   with    the    concurrence    of    the    city 


authorities,  sent  away  nearly  all  of  his  troops  and  a 
large  porr'tn  of  the  militia. 

In  the  midst  of  the  ra>n,  Captain  Bailey,  bearing 
a  flag  of  truce,  put  off  in  a  boat,  accompanied  by 
Lieutenant  George  II.  Perkins,  with  a  demand  for 
the  surrender  of  the  city,  as  well  ns  for  the  imme- 
diate substitution  of  too  Federal  for  the  Confede- 
rate ensigns.  They  stepped  ashore,  and  niii'.e  their 
way  to  the  City  Hall  through  a  motley  crowd, 
which  kept  cheering  for  tile  South  and  for  Jeffer- 
son Davis,  and  uttering  groans  and  hisses  for  Presi- 
dent   Lincoln    and    the    Yankee    fleet.      General 


Lovell,  1 


1  unqnalilied  refusal, 
■nroe,  the  Mayor  of 
Iho  city,  and  not  [0 
0  Confederate  flags. 


part,  relumed 

ng  John  T.  a 
New  Orleans,  not  to  BlUTOWlc 
allow  the  taking  down  of  I 
Wllilo  Captain  Bailey  wafl  oil  his  way  hack,  some 
marines  had  landed  from  the  Pcnsucola,  and  had 
he'sted  tho  Federal  ensign  over  tlio  Mint.  As  they 
liar,  loft  no  guard,  the  ensign  was  hauled  down  after 
their  departure;  by  ouu  William  1J.  idiiiuford  and 
three  men  UiloturinK  to  tho  Pinolcnuv   lUti"Jimi 


The  occurrence  ras.  ooserveu  uy  the  watch  in  tb" 
top  of  the  PensaeoJa,  whence  a  howitzer  was  fired 
in  the  direction  of  the  Mint,  without.  However, 
doing  any  damage. 

On  the  following  day.  Captain  Bell  was  sent,  with 
about  ono  hundred  marines,  to  the  Mint  and  the 
Custom  House,  upon  whieli  the  Federal  flag  was 
raised,  and  remained  undisturbed.  Tho  peaceful 
Federal  occupation  of  tho  city  was  delayed  by 
'be  city  authorities  from  day  to  day,  upon  the 
plea  of  want  of  authority,  until  the  30th  of  April, 
when  Farragut  determined  that  he  would  not 
resort  to  force,  but  simplv  maintain  his  ground, 
and  he  informed  the  authorities  that  he  would  bold 
no  further  intercourse  with  them,  and  would  await 
the  arrival  ot  General  Butler,  who  would  be  given 
the  entire  charge  of  the  city. 

Commander  Porter  had,  in  the  meantime,  kept 
up  tho  fire  upon  Fort  Jackson,  and  ho  had,  on  the 
26th,  demanded  its  surrender,  stating  that  New 
Orleans  was  already  held  by  Farragut;  but  Lieu- 
tenant-colonel liiggius  had  replied  that,  without 
positive  knowledge  as  to  the  latter  fact,  ho  could 
nut  entertain  any  preposition.  The  next  day,  how- 
ever, he  accepted  Porter's  terms,  upon  learning 
that  Farragut  had  actual  possession  of  the  city,  and 
finding  that  the  troops  had  not  only  mutinied  at 
Fort  Jackson,  but  that  many  had  already  spiked 
some  of  the  gnus  and  surrendered  to  the  pickets  of 
Butler's  troop?,  which  had  just  been  stationed  on 
ihe  western  side  of  (he  river. 

The  capitulation  wjij  signed  011  the  28th  by  Com- 
manders I).  D.  Porter  and  W.  B.  Bcnsbaw,  as  well 
as  Lieutenant  \f.  W.  Wainwright,  commanding  the 
Harriet  Lane,  on  the  part  of  the  Federals,  and  by 
General  J.  K.  Duncan  and  Lieutenant-eolouel 
Edward  lliggins  for  tho  Confederates.  By  the 
terms  of  the  capitulation,  the  Confederate  officers 
and  men  were  allowed  to  go  on  parole,  tho  officers 
alone  retaining  their  arms. 

Everything  was  surrendered  as  it  stood  when  the 
white  flag  was  raised.  Although  several  thousand 
shells  had  fallen  into  the  forts  and  the  battery,  in 
addition  to  the  shots  poured  into  them  by  the  fleet, 
Fort  Jackson  alone  was  found  to  be  damaged  to 
any  extent.  Its  drawbridge  had  been  broken 
down,  some  of  the  causeways  and  casemates  were 
in  fragments,  and  tho  citadel  had  been  completely 
destroyed  by  fire. 

While  the  capitulation  was  being  signed  on  board 
tho  Harriet  Lane,  Captain  Mitchell  towed  out  the 
Louisiana  battery,  which  had  been  left  above  the 
forts,  and  after  shotting  all  her  guns  and  setting 
firo  to  her,  ho  abandoned  her  into  tho  strong  cur- 
rent, believing  she  would  blow  up  in  the  midst  of 
tho  mortar-boats.  She  did  not,  however,  go  beyond 
Fort  St.  Philip,  in  front  of  which  she  exploded, 
killing  011a  of  its  garrison,  and  afterward  sank  to 
the  bottom  of  tho  river.  Mitchell  and  his  aids 
were  put  under  arrest  by  Porter  for  thus  con- 
tinuing hostilities  while  the  white  flag  was  flying 
011  the  ramparts. 

After  sending  a  small  force  on  the  western  side 
of  tho  liver,  just  above  Fort  Jackson,  and  placing 
another  force  under  eovor  of  the  guns  of  tho  J/is- 
MWi>/iiDd  A',.,.-,  rh.se  by  Furt  St.  Philip,  Butler 
had  reported  i"  Farragut  on  board  the  ilmlford, 
ami  returned  to  bring  up  tho  remainder  of  his 
troops  by  the  river,  lie  embarked  with  his  wife 
and  staff  on  the  same  steamship  ( Mississippi)  thiit 
bad  brought  them  from  Hampton  Roads,  and  nt 
about  noon  of  tho  1st  of  May  all  the  transports  lay 
along  the  New  Orleans  levees.  Butler 
determined  to  take  immediate  pos- 
session of  the  city.  At  four  o'clock  ho  sent  some 
troops  to  occupy  Algiers  mid  landed  the  Tliirty- 
tirst  Massaehusot'*  and  Tenth  Wisconsin  Regi- 
ments, as  well  as  Everett's  buttery  of  heavy  guns, 
all  of  which  acted  as  an  cscorl  for  Generals  Butler 
and  Williams  and  their  respective  staffs. 

To  tho  tune  of  the  "Star  Spangled  Banner,'' 
and  under  tbu  guidance  of  Lieutenant  V,  eigel.  tlioj 

marched  up  to  Canal  Street,  Im.k  | ession  of  tho 

Custom  House,  which  was  left  in  ohorgo  zi  I  bo 
Thirty- first  Massachusetts,  and,  after  posting 
Evorett's  battery  around  tho  building,  they  re- 
turned to  the  Mississippi,  in  wine!;  they  spent  the 
night,  the  Twelfth  Connecticut  IEegiuiontataiidmg 
guard  over  it  U|H>n  tho  levee. 

On  tho  following  dny  Colonel  Doming  encamped 
in  Lafayotte  Square,  and  General  butler  occupied 
General     Lovell's    former    headquarters    at    the 


302 


THE     SOLDIER     IN     OUR     CIVIL      WAR 


8t  Charles  Hotel,  wner.  he  invitee  tta  dty  w> 
thr.ritiea  to  meet  him  for  a  conference.  The  Aby  :■! 
peremptorily  refused,  adding  that  hifl  place  t& 
business  was  the  City  Hall.  General  Butler  then 
informed  him  that  the  reply  was  totally  unsatisfac- 
tory, and  the  Mayor,  taking  counsel  of  pnidei.ee, 
called  at  the  appointed  hoar,  with  Pierre  Sonle 
urn!  several  friends. 

While  the  conference  was  being  held,  a  dense, 
hooting  crowd  assembled  in  the  open  space  around 
the  hotel,  and  threatened  to  make  an  open  rnptnre 
vita  the  troops.  General  Williams  sent  an  aid  to 
General  Butler  informing  him  Unit  ho  feared  he 
could  not  much  longer  control  tlio  nioh.  Botha 
replied  calmly :  "  Give  my  compliments  to  General 
Williams,  and  tell  him,  if  he  finds  ho  cannot  con- 
trol the  mob,  to  open  upon  them  with  artillery." 
"Do  not  do  that  1"  shouted  tlio  Major,  "Why  not, 
gentlemen  ?"  said  Butler.  "  The  mob  must  bo  con- 
trolled  :  wo  can't  have  a  disturbance  in  the  street.' 
As  cannon  had  been  planted  at  each  corner  of  the 
hotel,  and  woro  then  in  charge  of  a  force  of  BOldieiv 
only  too  eager  to  avenge  the  insults  which  tat 
crowd  had  been  heaping  upon  them,  the  result  o! 
conveying  such  an  order  as  Butler's  can  well  tw 
conjectured.  But  the  Mayor  and  his  friends  pre- 
vented for  the  time  all  further  disturbance  and 
possible  outbreak,  by  going  out  on  the  balcony  an  I 
addressing  the  crowd,  which  slowly  dispersed. 

The  rngo  of  the  mob  broke  out  anew,  however, 
upon  seeing  Lieutenant  Kinsman  and  a  detachmeii: 
of  fifty  men  escorting  Judge  Summers  to  a  place 
of  safety.  The  instructions  given  the  troops  apoc 
ei  tering  the  city  had  been  very  stringent.  Tbej 
wore  to  march  in  silence,  not  to  take  any  offense  at 
ihreats  or  insults,  and,  if  fired  upon,  should  en- 
deavor to  arrest  the  guilty  parties,  but  they  were 
on  no  account  to  lire  upon  tlio  crowd  unless  ii 
proved  absolutely  necessary  for  self-defense,  and 
not  even  then  except  by  orders. 

Judge  Sunimors's  escort  hod  not  proceeded  mncr, 
beyond  the  St,  Charles  Hotel  when  they  encounters, 
an  individual  creating  a  disturbance,  and  who  waa 
ordered  to  desist.  As  ho  refused  and  bccauio  more 
abusive,  the  lieutenant  directed  iho  sergeant  to 
lower  bJ3  bayonet  and  to  run  him  t droit gh  if  he  die 
not  cease.  This  had  the  desired  effect,  and  no  mort 
trouble  waa  experienced. 

At  the  adjourned  conference  held  the  same  even- 
ing at  the  St,  Charlc3  Hotel,  Butler  read  the  pro- 
emulation  which  he  had  addressed  to  the  inhabit- 
ants of  New  Orleans,  and  which  he  had  caused  to 
be  primed  by  some  of  his  own  soldiers  at  the  office 
of  tho  rnie  Delta  newspaper,  upon  being  told  (ha! 
its  proprietor  would  not  allow  his  types  to  be  used 
for  the  purpose. 

In  hia  proclamation,  all  who  hud  taken  np  arm!: 
against  the  Government  of  tho  United  States  were 
culled  to  lay  them  down  ;  all  flags  and  devices  of 
tho  Confederate  Government  we:n  to  disappear,  and 
the  national  flag  to  remain  undisturbed,  and  in  ull 
cases  to  bo  treated  with  respect.  Ho  promised  pro- 
tection to  tho  person  and  property  of  all  well  dis- 
posed citizens,  and  enjoined  tho  inhabitants  to 
continue  at  their  peaceful  avocations,  iu  which 
ihov  would  bo  fully  protected.  Ho  directed  that 
all  shop3  and  all  places  of  amusement  should  be 
kopt  open  as  usual,  and  tho  services  in  idl  churches 
and  religious  meeting- places  be  continued  anJ 
maintained  the  same  a3  in  times  of  peace.  He 
proclaimed  martial  law  the  governing  forco,  and 
required  all  keepers  of  driuking-s>'!oons  and  public 
honses  to  obtain  a  license  from  the  provost- marshal 
He  assured  tho  inhabitants  that  tho  soldiers  were 
ablo  to  and  would  preserve  order  in  the  city,  ana 
that  the  killing  of  any  Federal  soldier  would  bt 
pnnished  as  murder.  Civil  cases  would  ho  referred 
to  civil  tribunals,  hut  all  interference  with  tho 
forces  and  laws  of  tho  United  States  would  be 
referred  to  a  military  court.  Tho  nso  of  Confed- 
erate bonds,  money,  or  obligations,  was  prohibited. 
Seditious  publication  a  would  ho  suppressed.  A 
military  censor  would  puss  upon  all  newspaper 
articles  and  telegrams.  Outrages  committed  by 
Federal  soldiers  upon  tho  persons  or  property  of 
tho  citizens  would  bo  severely  dealt  with  by  tho 
provost-martial,  and  woro  to  ho  r-jportod  to  tlio 
provost-gnard  at  once;  and  tho  titir.ono  were  as- 
sured that  all  tho  requircmentf.  of  tlio  proclaim. 
tiori  would  bo  vigorously  and  (irmly  administcrcd 

The  proclamation  w  l"roed  on  May  6th,  1368, 
vnuwv  to  the  -uJvu*    jJ   Sc%\i   inii   jthurt.  *h" 


THE    SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CIVIL      WAR. 


3№3 


*brf  the  Dnited  States,  ihe  gliall  be  regarded  and  held  liable  to 
t  MeaUi  as  a  woman  of  the  tt-.vn  plying  her  0 vocation. 

By  command  of         Majoii  oekebu,  Butleh. 
f.soaoE  C.  Stboso, 

Ataiiaitl  Ailjiilniit-gtiu:rnl,C7iitf  of  t&a$. 

Its  effect  was  to  at  once  arrest  all  repetitions  of 
similar  insults,  and  order  was  restored  in  all  sections 
of  the  city  after  the  Mayor  was  arrested  and  Sonle 
sent  as  a  prisoner  to  Fort  Warren,  for  too  strongly- 
opposing  the  measures  of  Gcner1  " 

General  George  F.  Sheplej 
tary  Governor  of  New  Orleun- 
suppression  of  the  city  gore 
organized  an  efficient  police 
good  order  throughout.  Willi 
had  taken  down  (be  flag  from  the  Mint,  and  boldly 
led  most  of  the  disturbances,  was  arrested,  tried, 
and  executed  as  a  traitor  on  the  7th  of  July.  Sev- 
eral soldiersjrwho  had  been  paroled  at  Port  Jack- 
son, and  hod  organized  themselves  as  the  "  Monroo 
Guard,"  in  order  to  break  through  the  Federal 
lines  and  rejoin  the  Con  federates,  were  ordered  to 
he  shot,  but  were  finally  reprieved  and  sent  to  Ship 
Island.  Others  who  had  entered  houses  and  car- 
ried off  property,  under  color  of  authority,  wore 
hung  five  days  after  committing  the  crime,  whilst 
a  number  of  men  and  women,  guilty  of  various 
offenses,  were  sent  to  Ship  Island,  arid  otherwise 
punished,  apart  from  the  above.  General  Shop- 
ley's  administration  encountered  but  few  disturb- 
ing elements. 

On  the  2.r)th  of  July,  General  Butler  issued  a 
proclamation  to  tiio  effect  that  all  property  belong- 
ing to  prominent  Confederate  officials,  military 
and  civil,  would  bo  immediately  confiscated,  ana 
that  such  as  belonged  to  other  Confederate  sym- 
pathizers would  bo  liable  to  confiscation  nJess 
thej  returned  to  their  allegiance  by  ttp  **3d  of  the 
foUWbfl  Nn  "11  ml  Kir, 


ml  Butler. 

appointed  Jlili- 
0  tin  consequent 
nt.  and  at  once 
.  which  Bccnred 
:.Muinford,who 


;u4 


THE    SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR 


On  tno  B7tb  of  Omobor,  ctencr&l  HhUbi  occupied 
the  Lafourche  D'itriot,  after  on  engupemont  at 
[aiuadiovillo.  brilliantly  fought  by  tho  troops  nnder 
General  Godfrey  Weitzel,  and  remained  in  charge 
uf  the  department  until  relieved,  on  tho  14th  of 
December,  1863,  by  General  Aatlianiel  P.  I) auks, 
Genera)  Butler  being  ordered  to  Now  York. 


305 

Altfciiurh  the  (h^ga  was  struck  forty-two  times  and  other-     Brevet  Major-general  Qaltnifln's  dlvfcdon,  whicJi  "o  no™ 

wteBitorf  bjury.^ptaii.aiilej- followed  oB  his  course    ,"i"i ,"  V<™  1™,    II,  rem, ,1  with  'i(  *  ltZ~ 

up  (he  Mississippi  lliver.  shortly  after  reaching  Uw  Quarun-     of  tlie  CUj  of  Mcsrieo.  where  n..  w.*  sevtrvlv  wound,,]  whim 
grounds  where  ho  silenced  a  fonfedarel;  Lattery  oa  the     Isadin^  the  nlimlng  party  that  sirried  ,L.  Helen  Qsl9  '  F.'* 
™      his  gallantry  on  the  latter  occasion,  us  well  as  at  the  bottle  ol 
Chapultepcc,  lie  was  made  u  brevet  captain,  September  Ulb, 


d  tho  surrender  of  i(-"  ofHcera  and  men. 
rugut  advanced  ul-ou  New  Orleans,  April  23th, 
'  1   Bailey's  Qcyuga  was  ugalu   in  the  lead,  and      1847,  nnil  si 


cated 


lood  the  combined  Are  of  tho  Chidmclle  bat-     light  artillery. 


1  both  sides  of  the  ri 


DAVID  GLASGOW  FARliAGUT. 

Boas  at  Campbell's  Slat  Ion.   East   Tennessee,  July  Bth, 

""  ■    eatcred    the  nailed    States    Navy  as    midshipman, 


command  of  a  butieiy  of 

........j  of  the  Mc.\iniu  War  his  regiment  went 

up  and  axled  m  silencing  then,,  ne  was  afterward  appointed  Into  garrison  at  Fort  Piekeiu,  wl,.-rc  he  r.  ,i",i""l  llliri|  N., 
B  commodore,  ,,,,1  was  made  the  bearer  of  important  db.  when  lie  went  to  Baton  Itou.-c.  I,,,.,  ot,  r,, -ruiiii.tr  service 
pulchesand of  many  trophies  which  he  carried  to  Washing.     He  Ibeo  did  garrison  duly  at  Morion  Barracks,  Missouri; 

IB  frontier  duly  nn  Ihc  Western  prairies  of 

1  assisted   in   0*1  a  Wishing  Fort  Atkinson, 

Garrison  duty  nt  Fori  Leavenworth,  Kansas,  Fort 

,  New  York,  and  commau.ling  the  recruiting  depol 


the  recipient  of  a  great  deal  of  nl 
Friday,  the  Ulb  of  Slav.  1802,  was  given  a  reeeplioi 

ivembcr   10th,  IS10,    when    only   nine  years   of  ago;  first      hy  Ihc  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  New  York  City.     From  the  Kim"os 

rerved  under  Captain  David  Porter,  who  hud  procured  Ills     hitter  year  until  1805  he  remained  In  command  of  the  East  HamuV 

ap^intmsnt,  and  waaH.cn  in  command  of  the  frigate  *W    era  Gulf  Blockading  Squadron,  and  w  promoted   tor  bis  at  Fort  Columbus   New  York   oce 

s  is.rrcs  srx^;rrrton,LSj ifct  -"*- lo  lbo  muk  of  ^^ iu  im-  №f  *> m-  ■■*  -  ^^mK:1^  ^  *, 

cruise,  oblaming  the  rank  ,.f  ]!".."..  ,,,,,..  To rr  1st.  1821.  ^V'"''  "'"'  j"'"  '-'I'  "~l'a   h?}"™  '"'  N™  T№' 

In  1823  ho  took  par.  in  Porters  expedition  "  gains,  IhcWcst  GEORGE    F.-SITEPLEY.  Sa^ri?,  ■      r"^"     '  '-•-',,,      He™ 

J        J;:'-"""'"""1       ,"',h"   "duration.      He  spent      mouth  (Mll.-uf  In   1W7.  ai,.l   "i   ih-  1  I.m  S,l I.  <  ■"",.  th-  latt-r  dat.M..  S-pi.-ml-r  l'n'h     I-<;i     ,,,,",  ,,    ,,,,". 

::::t::7z::    ?]',! ~ F'; ■,!,".r"ik"  ]r'^ in-  y■■,"  uwt- !"1""""1  -  ""■"-"  -f "-  -•"■■  "■■■■■ - -■-  '■"'-'■  ^'^  ■    L  ■  :; 

"  ,*'        '     ""'V'rf '    "'":"      n^"      11"n^K-iprem,Jadlrl"I^1,rthi    1*10;    removed  h-  P-rt-  I , -d  Urn  City  Guanl.  m.w  ,!"■  jHT."iig  tie.:-!,  wbi.h  embraced  pari  of  Fla.'L.fliff-r 
McKcai'sWcslcrn  Gulf  Squadron,  and  nil  of  Com. 
maiider  David  D.  Toner's  mortar-uoala  On  thn 
SOIh  nf  April,  1862.  after  holding 
tains  on  board  of  bis  flagship,  I 
paralinm  were  made  for  the  ndvi 
place  early  on  Hie  morning  of  the  24th.  in  three 
divisions. led  respectively  by  Farragut  [n  the flort/bni; 
by  Cnptaki  Bell  in  Hie  Scioto,  and  hy  Captain  Builey 
On  board  the  gitoboat  Ciiytga.  Fan? gut  was  posted 
in  tho  foterigging  of  his  vessel,  with  nigblglass  in 
hand,  dire- 'ling  tbe  movements  of  the  Heel  through- 
out Its  peiUous  udvuoce,  and  on  Hie  same  evening 
had  thirteci  vessels  in  safety  ;i!iovo  Ihc  forts  close 
by  the  QuuTuitinc  grounds.  The  next  nftenioon 
he  had  nncWed  his  vessels  off  the  City  of  New 
Orhsuis,  ovei  which  he  exerdted  his  protection  until 
the  city  was  placed  in  charge  ol  General  Butler. 
For  his  seni.ea  ia  the  capture  of  New  Orlcnnn  ho 
received  the  blanks  of  Congress,  and  was  made  a 
rear-admiral. 

IheYicksburg  halteriep,  and 


■  Hartford,  pre- 


In  1862,  Fnrn,i[Ut 
early  the  follow hij  v 
Flag-olilcer  Porter  oi 
iDg  Ihc  forts  of  P. 


Army.  In  October.  1S81,  he  was  placed  ut  the  bend 
of  the  Department  of  the  South,  and  had  command 
of  Ihc  troops  at  New  Orleans  when  that  city  was 
raptured  by  Pnrragnt's  fleet  In  April,  1802.  He 
afterward  fought  succcsuftilly  at  the  battle  of  Co- 
rinth, and  became  aid  to  General  Joseph  E.  Johnston. 
So  much  fault  had  been  found  for  Lis  apparent 
neglect  of  duly  al  New  Orleans,  that  he  sought  a 
court  of  inquiry ;  but  the  kilter  was  nol  convened 
until  Ai>ril,  1B93. 

The  record  of  the  proceedings  was  transmitted  lo 
tlie  Confederate  War  Department  on  the  13th  of 
July,  but  was  o-^t  acted  upon  until  the  following 
Novombf  r.  Thu  opinion  of  the  court  was  n  vio- 
on -at  inn  ..(  I  In'  i-.xn  tiiiincli-r  "f  X.-w  i  irtmn-i.  GunorJ 
I.nvell,  however,  wiv  oat  restored  to  his  command, 
and  the  effect  of  lois  course  of  action,  ha  com- 
plained, was  lo  impair  his  reputation.  He  made  an 
nnpeal,  which  was  not  noticed  by  the  Confederate 
nilminislratlotl.  After  the  war.  General  Lovcll,  Willi 
hi';  family,  nsideil  fur  some  years  in  Savannah,  Git. ; 
then  returned  lo  the  City  of  New  York,  where  lie' 
took  lip  his  rcsidi  oil'  mid  practical  his  profession  an 
n  civil  engineer,  ami  where  iio  died  on  Sunday,  tho 
1st  of  June,  1884. 

PREPARATIONS  FOR  TEE  DEFENSE 

OF  NEW  ORLEANS. 

CoiiMoiiOBE   D.  P.  PoitTEit,  writing  from 

I    Ship  Islutid,  May  6th,  1802,  describes    the 

Uonfoderuto  ranis,  lloatiug  batteries  and  forts 

defending  New  Orleans  : 


Four  rams  and  lloaling  batteries,  such  as  the  world 

never  before,  saw,  have  been  destroyed  in  the  late 

atiui'k.     The  Louisiana,  an  invincible  stcam-hattcry. 

which  was  set  on  lire  and  sent  down  on  our  rends 

whilo  the  Hag  of  truce  Was  Hying  ..nil  I  was  drawing 

Hudson,  afterword" jolnlnn  i  ""  T     i     \  WF==a~~-~JgSaa=::r:i;:-'"-L  *SR(f£3itm*ii' !■'-'■     "''  """'  '"ma<  №r  ^"I'tlulotion,  r-rj  which  exploded 

toe  active  operatiomi.-vhich  were  dir".ti,l  against  the        V\     V    \      W^     "'"  ' '^.V '-    -  -  -J&^WW^  U      "l,l""  *'"  vanh  "r  in  ami  Htmk  u.  , me  minute,  ™ 

■-.:-,      ',  ...  ..-,r  L'  ....^y-      £&$<;■        -f      ■".'"■"  tun-.    L'.t.  \-,  I    i"ng.  ami  bad  IU   heavy  rifled 

enjoying  a  short  res  I,  lie  v,ok  part  in"  Ihc  important  ~"  '  '  '  8Mf\  ""  "':"k'  '"  l>"'  K,>""1'     Sllc  inLl'"ut'-i  '"  "'*" 

reconnofcwancea   of   Fort  GJnca   and  For!  Morgan  GEnitOE   F.  SITKPLEY  position  that  night,  when  ahewould  have  driven  off 

and  in  August,  186-1.  secured  the  victory  of  Mobile  *"  "7  Qcct~for-  lls  "  I,ro№f  o(  *••*  iavulncrabiliiy. 

Bav.     In  ibis  battle,  bil  flagabln  was  a.-ain   the  nnrtfi.nl      no.il l"n  to  tl.n  ™™  to™        i  "n         .         -,    ,      ,  " W"vie"l  shlpa  laid  within  ten  fret  of  her 

and  from  her  m,i,""p,  "","■  h'  ha, ,-."  """'  '.      "'      "    ,  ,' "  \     TV;'  '  ','        '"'"        ""    "^     """   ^"^    ""  ""'*'    "t"l"]ti'1"'    ""'^   ™   """  "* 

i-v". ,....  ;"!:,       I  i    ,      ;  'I'S't;  3,'r'S  "7f ',;"""",':•' ' ' • "  "•■= -'  <•> "" "p"-^  w..r  ™,^  r"s, 

BI.1.  cr  lirlmi,  ,1   " ,.  ,  , ..,.:,       |,   , '  I  "                                              'r'               ","*       ,   ""'"'"  ''l"",t"  '""l"'1-"""'1   ''™  .'""P.  '""1   '■"  "  ■""  .1  """  in  tlJ  to,. 

". Iu,i"l""l. ,'."  ,", ,       |,  ."  ',-''  "   ""<"<>• '■*■>■>'*•   ■■'  V.1,,,,1.™  ,."J   """!"  .,.,"  Ml ,,         Tli.  l™"u,.K OTM..l,ra"™l,Mo",te"& 

ll".l  !,,.","  "",  ,,,  .,;,. .  "    '      "  ,  ,     .  ,"       "   '    '  № '    " ""'""' "  •''  ""  *1  •'  J-".   .■"     mil.  n""*r  n  Im  "te  ,,n,l  "1,,,",."",  L".     6I"  b"  ta.  . 

ftm.l  .poo  bin  l.v  .  ",,i,".,",  J.,",,  ;,        "',"I""™:  "?f,."',™!U.,.U"  -*1  -'.  -Tj^"*"  ""■"""•  *  "<""""<>"">  "-"™"  ""  '""■"-" 


usly  ill.  early 
mouth,  N.  D.,  imd  ihere 


milury  uffairs  of  New  Orb 


Whirl,     . 


Bohv  a 


it  Plalt-burg.  S.  Y.,  April  latll.  1805.  and  entered     the 

...e  navy  us  a  ,md-hi m.  Jmiimrr  1,1.  mS%  ri,ily[.  ,"  l]ln      Go, 

rnnkn  of  lieiilciianl   in  1H-J7.  enmnuuirler  in  IR|!(.  Iml|  mpfuiii      war 

In  1850,     Entered  the  lloxlcan  War,  and 

Ihc  western  coma  of  .Mexico.     At  tho  n 

War  he  was  In  command  of  the   frigui, 

lo   the  Western    Gulf    illoekudlng   f>,u 

rolumn  of  the  right  division  of  FnrrngtU 

-ge  of  Forte  Juekson  and  HI.  Philip.    This  division  consisted 

"I    the    at"m,   (llagship),    pcnM,,jJlr    Minfwppl,   Varum 

",.,-u,.K  Ki,,,.,  BjtaWn,  mm*kto".  J.  P.  j"a"n  n"d 
TMmwua.  It  was  (he  ilm  lo  pass  the  forts,  the  (bm 
-mg  fur  n  the  load,  ana  bearing  (ho  brunt  of  llio  nitaek 
Item  H  tehells  Confwfcmie  (,".<.     Captain  Builey  displays! 


In  New  Orleans  c 
apeeitneu  of  n  floating  battery  I 
going  affair),  ami  bad  >!i.  l-i 
gelling  to  sea,  the  whole  Aim  r 
destroyed.  She  was  O.IHHI  Ions 
had  four  engines,  Uiri.1.1  propclti 


the  most  pjilendid 


Summer  of  1670,  at  Ports,     for  Hint  city  a  greater  degree  of  hcnTllifub. 

UU  liicro  died  on  the  Ulb  of  August  of  tlutf,      regained  much  of  hs  former  menial  influenco™  i'a  i'bO-I 

he  Wtu  place.]  nt  Ihc  bead  of  Hie  Militury  Dislrlcl  of  Yirginir 

'fHBODOnUB  BAILEY  nnd  North  Carolina ;  thutiMrvodwiai  tho  Army  of  the  James, 

entering  Richmond  with  the  Twenty-fifth  Army  Corps  on 

of  April.  i")5.     Ho  was  afterward  Appointed  Military     places  nine)  of  Iron,  nod  would 
ior,  which  position  he  retained  tuilll  tho  closo  of  tho     Situ  coat  $2,000,000. 

"''V;1" """""1|  ""'  Pn"H'M  "f 'aw,  at  the  same  lima        Tho  best  ooo  I  saw  tloatiug  by  mo  was  n  dry-dock  turned 

publL-hlng  Kvcral   law  I  realises  nnd  reports.     Although   he     iolo  a  Doollng  battery,  mounting  Id  guns,  ami  the  eulirc 

lined  tho  appoint  men  I  of  Judge  of     engioo  which  wna  to  propel  it  hermetically  sealed   cj  a  thick 

leptetl  in  tho  year  1W10     Iron  turret,  against  shot.    Sho  was  sunk,  hut  it  now  aground 

tho  pais-     Circuit, 


n  UM  and  succeeded  In 
an  Nnvy  would  havo  been 
270  feet  long,  00  feet  beam 
I,  four  Inches  (uod  in  foiiil 
ileum  eJevcn  knots  an  hour. 


ml   Inv 
offered  and 
Hie  Supremo  Court  of  Maine,  ho  ".",," 
that  ol  United  Stales  Circuit  Judge  'for  tlie  pirat' Jiidiclnl 


MAMSFTKLn  LOTBLL. 


"  much  gallantry  and  ubilitj  ...  " 
"ucceeded  iu  warding  off  the  repeal.-, 
lo  disable  his  vessels,  nnd  only  retire 
f'Vraj/ut'ii  instructions,  ufter ho lindce 
of  three  und  disabled  several  of  thu  l_ 


ho  cosily  mlsod. 
Beside,  these,  monsters,  the  mini  port  of  ihc  enemy'a  do  ■ 
fenscfl  at  tho  forts  consisted  of  kIx  or  seven  Ironclad  (runbouts 
almost  impervious  to  shot,  and  certainly  to  amJast  vessels 
20th,  1822 ;  entered  eomlng  bow  00.  Wo  had  nothing  there,  on  our  side,  bin 
iVosl  Poinl  In  1839,  twenty  frail  morlnr-bnals.  11  vo  sloops-of-wur,  nine  or  ten 
ar years  Ir.ler,  when  P™>r  gunboats  (In  all.  11  II11I0  over  HO  guns;,  to  contend 
of  Regular  Artillery  ognlnst  two  of  tlie  most  Im(in-gnabh)  forls  lo  this  or  any 
-  No  served  as  such  Othcr  country,  mounting  127  guns  (many  at  Ibom  killed) 
"ill.  (J,,iin,l  /,u-i"lrj.  Tnyhir'n  unnv  of  o!"...-vi.llnn  nt  Cor-  thnm  froo-phited  batteries  monntinn  thlrtvono  ouna.  ni 
pus  Cbrlsti,  Tex.,  in  IBM.  and  also  lo  M,  rtc0  thu  year  fol-  or  sovon  Iron-plated  gunboat*,  and  nine  or  ten  IhJnm  no 
!  is  wounded  nt  tho  battle  of   Montoroj,  ami     "P  for  tho  occasion,  soot,  destroyed,  and  their  nnwo/nov-i 

jado  ndjuuioi  uonorul  of    to  bo  known. 


with   I 


on  tho  0th  of  It 


BUKKBNDER  OS  THE  CONSEDERATK  FORCES,    FIVE  THUUSAMD  STRONG,   UNDEB  8 

ARtBE  THEIR  RETREAT  F80M  is^w 


UKKKSUER  OF  mS^T""  FIVE  ™SM.  STKONG,  DNBEK  ^AU  H,CALL  A"D  OAHTT,  "  8EBEEAL  FAUns.  AT  TUWTLLE,  TENK,   APWL  ■ 

AtTEK  THEIB  BETBEAT  FEOJi  ISL$"  TO.  10,  AS  DESOBIBED  ON  PASE  257. 


joS 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CIVIL     WAR. 


' f  ti^:  life 


f^I^Jf 


THE    SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAX. 


309 


lin 


CAPTURE  OF  TOKKTOWK-i BATTLE  OF    being  insured  by  the  35,000  men  left  in  the  Slu 

"WILLIAMSBURG.  nnndoah  Valley.     Fortress  Monroe  was  to  be  the    makinj, 

first  base  of  operations  against  Richmond,  upon    Island  and  in  front  of  Howard's  and  Youn 


1  lake  place  on   the  SSr]  of 

February,    1862,    the   Army 

of  ibo  Potom'ic  (Jiil  not  un 

.lertake    bl_     .novemont    of 

importance  until  it  learned 

/hat  General  Joseph  E.  John- 

ilon'a  army  had   abandoned 

C'entroi  ille     and     Manassas. 

1, nil   wk  falling  back  upon 

itiiihm*  nd 
Genera'    jfcClellnn    then 

.Mt'ed    orders   for   tbo   im- 
mediate advance  of  his  army 

toward  tlio  abandoned  posh. 

and  on  the  10th  of  March, 

1883,  CentreviHe  was  occu- 
pied  by  Colonel  ATorill's 
cavalry.  The  Confederal 
troops  had  retired  slowly, 
and  were  not  very  far  dis- 
tant when  the  Federals  had 
completed  their  movement 
but,  naiuly  in  consequence 
of  had  weather  and  roids 
ami  the  shortness  of  sup- 
plies, no  pursuit  of  any  mo- 
ment was  instituted  against  the  Confederates  whan 
they  encamped  either  behind  the  Rappahannock  or  sisted 
(lie  Rapidan.  camped    close    by    Fortress"  Mon: 

n    the   11th    of   March,    18C3,    the    President    McClellan  himself  reached  the  latter  "pi 


■ktown.     Magruder  had  first  intended 

stand  close  by  Big  Bethel,  both  at  Ship 

__    nibb   xvimnuouu,  upon    .isianu  and  in  front  of  Howard's  and  Young's  Mills, 

Id  have  to  be  made  "by  way    but  when  he  learned  of  tlio  strong  force  which 

u  mm  "i   ./est  Point,  the  '  " 

furnishing  a  base  of  operations  later  on.  changed  his  base,  and  established  his  lino  from 


.kiSr,  '         r'       ^7№'       which  the  advance™ 

ntval Wst  V         Z  I        I'   i    r\  hi  r]    "f  T0,rkt01™  Hnd  №f  WcSt  P№int' tlie  lntter  Place    Mc01elIan  WttS  e"tllcrin6  nt  F""t™ii  Monroe,  he 
navaiforcea  as  Pros  dent  Lincoln  had  ordered  them    furnishing  a  base  of  operations  later  on.  chanced  his  base,  and  eUblishec   "' 


,  r;ita#^^ 


mm 


■■ !  fe 


AT    BIG    BETHEL,   VA. 


Yorktown  to  Wynne's  Milt 
on  the  Warwick  River,  whicl 
AleOIclhm  had  now  reached. 
Magrudcr's  force  at  York- 
tomi  was  then  reported  to 
bo  fully  20,000  men.  To 
these  were  added,  toward 
the  middle  of  April,  two 
divisions  of  the  Army  of 
Northern  Virginia,  increas. 
ing  the  Confederate  force 
to  about  50,000  men. 

In  the  meantime,  General 
IlIenker'H  division  of  10,000 
men  had  been  sent  to  rein, 
force  Fremont,  and  McDow- 
ell's eutiro  corps  was  tempo- 
rarily detached,  by  General 
\\  adeworth's  suggestion,  in 
order  to  strengthen  the  de- 
fense of  Washington. 

From  the  5th  of  April  to 
the  3d  of  May  reinforce- 
ments were  continually 
reaching  McClellan's  army. 
Inch,  under  the  dire 


responsibility  hereto.': 


g  MoOlellai 
1  devolving 


On  the  23d  of  March,  the  advance,  which  con-  of    General    Fits  John    Porter,    was    engaged    in 
;ted  of  Heintzelman's  corps,  landed  at  and  en-  throwing  up  entrenchments,   and   otherwise    pre- 
lum paring  for   a  siege.     In    response  to   McClellan's 
tho  urgent  solicitations,  General  Franklin's  division  of 


1  of  part  of  tho  3d  of  April,  he  found  58,000  m"n,  and  much  of  hia  nearly  12,000  men  had  been  detached  from  Mciw 

upon  him.     Tbo  artillery     already    there.     The    following    day  he  ell's  corps,  and  sent  in  transports  on  tho  Posquotin 

order  stated  tint  "General  McClellan  having  per-  moved  his  whole  army  Ward  Yorktown,  in  order  River                                                                   ^ 

tne  Potom""  in(ifoS  attending  neeessary  rcennnoissanccsat  different 

from  the  command  of  the  other  Military  Depart-  ation  of  the  naval  force  in  Hampton  Roads,  whom  points  around  Yorktown    but  nono  of  these  devel 

inents,  b"  "taming  the  command  of  the  Depart-  he  thought  would  reduce  the  Confederate  batteries  oped  into  anvlhing  of  moment,  except  on  the  Kith 

merit  ot  "ne  1  otomae.  both  on  the  James  and  York  Rivers. 

General  Halleck  was  given  the  command  of  tho  The  advance  was  made  in  two  columns,  led  by 

new  Department  of  tho  Mississippi,  embracing  all  General  Samuel  P.  Heinholman,  who  bad  with  him  the  Confederates  at 

the  region  west  of  Knoxvillo,  while  the  Mountain  the  divisions  of  Generals  Charles  S.  Hamilton  and  on  die  Warwick  Riv,. 

g    tho    region    between    the  Fit,  John   Porter,    and  by   General    Erasmus   D.  McClellan  bad  ordered  Smith  to  make  a  reeon- 

b  comprised  tho  divisions  of  Gon-  noissanco  in  force  at  Wynne's  Mill,  and  if  pressed, 

to  open  an  attack.     Tho  Federal  vanguard,  com- 


Anurias!.      of  AllriI.  whon  General  Smith's  divi- 

■""    on  the  extreme  right,  attacked 

lot  was  called  Dam  No.  1, 


Departments  of  tbo  Potomac   and  of  the  Missis-  Kcyes,  whose 

sippi,  was  created  for  General  Fremont.     All  com-  eral  Darius  N.  Conch  and  William  F.  Smith 

manders  of  departments  were  henceforth  to  report  oral  Heinteelmau's  force,  accompanied  by  General    posed  of  Vermont  troops,  waded  across  "tho  strea. 

JireetlytotheSeereUryofWar.  McClellan,  reached  Big  Bethel  the  following  day,     under  cover  of  Avr.^A.Merv   ,  bid,  silenced  some 

A    a  conned  of  war  held  on  the  13,1,  of  March,  whilst  the  left  wing  under  Reyes  at  the  same  time    of  the  Confederate  g,,"s,  n"      u  IS 

r        ."u  ,    '      fT'f  ;w       W  1  "№^PM  WUnV1'Ck  C№"rt  UPUBe'     Thmu*  l]l№  tW№    l"ck  two  re=imc"'s  "f  G""P'B  ""d  H-rt"  Caroline 

I  or  re^  Monroe  such  of  the  forces  as  were  not  columns  proceeded  slowly  until    tho    troons:  but  those  bam*  stroLv  ",mf"™fl  ™li;",i 

needed  for  holding  Manassas  Junction  and  protect-       "M,1K      6th  of  April,  who 

iig  Washington,  the  safety  of  the  nationaU-apital  front  of   General    John    15.   M: 


they  halted    in    and,  notably  with  the  aid  of  General  Howell  Cobb, 
trader's    fortified    drove  the  Vermonters  again  to  the  opposite  bank  ol 


iiia&9->"!"%5* 


1  m 


\  I'BDKllA),   BOLDIGDP   UKl'AlKIMQ  TEE  BAILIIOAO  BRIDGE  OVER  QOUSE  OKBBS,    HUaTUOrED   BY  THE  CUNEEUli HATES  IN  TBJSIB    KBTUB&'f 

Iftuui  1   f.-.i-  1,   It    Udhih  Ku'lJIBK. 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CIVIL     WAR. 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR 


3  J i 


tho  river,  with  a  heavy  loss.  A  second  like  attempt 
was  made  by  the  Sixth  Vermont  Regiment,  but 
to  no  bettor  purpose,  and  the  Federals  retired  to 
their  works  lifter  experiencing  a  total  loss  of  35 
killed  and  120  wounded,  nearly  one-half  of  wbicj 
fell  upon  four  companies  of  the  Third  Vormjnt 
Regiment. 

By  the  3d  of  May  McClellan  had  completed  and 
armed  all  his  works,  and  had  an  effective  force  of 
112,000  men,  with. which  he  contemplated  moving 
ahead  three  days  later,  His  works  consisted  of 
fifteen  difTt.ent  batteries,  mounting  one  hundred 
and  e'.even  guns  and  mortars.  Willie  constructing 
them,  he  had  hut  once  departed  from  his  original 
resolution  not  to  open  upon  the  Confederates  until 
all  were  finished.  That  was  when  he  had  fired  upon 
■.  i--,;-is  di.-r  hargniL'  at  tin-  Yurktiiwn  wharf,  and  had 
.lriven  them  across  to  Gloucester  Point,  with  both 
shot  and  shell  from  his  100  and  200  pounders. 

Lute  in  tlio  afternoon  of  the  3d,  the  Confederates 
begun  shelling  Heint  adman's  camp,  and  kept  up 
bring  at  intervals  until  after  midnight.     At  day- 


light a  great  conflagration  was  risible  in  York  town, 
and  the  report  having  been  made  that  the  latter 
place  was  being  evacuated,  Ileintwdman  ascended 
in  his  balloon,  and  found  that  many  of  the  Con- 
federate guns  had  in  reality  been  abandoned.  The 
Confederates  had,  in  fact,  evacuated  York  town  and 
Gloucester,  and  fallen  back  about  twelve  miles  to 
Williamsburg,  in  accordance  with  the  decision 
arrived  at  in  the  council  held  at  the  Nelson  Souse, 
in  Yorklown.  on  the  30th  r,f  April. 

The  Federals  entered  Yorktown  on  the  4th  of 
May,  and  took  possession  of  it,  us  well  as  of  the 
fifty-three  guns  remaining  there  uninjured,  and 
at  once  organized  a  vigorous  pursuit,  which  was 
directed  by  General  Edwin  V.  Sumner. 

General  George  Stor.ercan  pushed  ahead,  in  n 
heavy  rainstorm,  with  cavalry  and  borso  artillery, 
and  was  followed  by  the  divisions  of  Generals 
Ooucll,  Smith  ami  Silas  Casey,  which  took  the 
Wynnes  Mill  Road,  and  bv  the  divisions  of  Gen- 
erals Joseph  Hooker  and  Phil  Kearney,  which 
entered    the   Yorktown    Road.     The    divisions    of 


Generals  Fit?;  John  Porter.  Israel  B.  Richardson, 
and  John  Sedgwick,  remained  in  the  immediate 
vicinity  of  Yorktown,  where  McOlellan  was  to  com- 
plete arrangement  for  operations  along  the  York 
River. 

Stoneman  soon  came  upon  tho  line  of  strong 
earthworks  which  the  Confederates  had  constructed 
a  low  months  before  about  two  miles  from  Williams- 
burg, and  where  they  bad  just  left  a,  strong  rear 
guard  to  protect  their  retreat  across  tho  Chicka- 
hominy  River.  There  he  stopped  to  await  the 
arrival  of  the  infantry,  as  ho  could  not  well  attack 
the  works  without  it.  At  fivo  o'clock  Smith's  divi- 
sion, accompanied  by  General  Sumner,  had  joined 
Stoneman's,  and  at  about  midnight  Hooker  hail 
brought  his  division  on  Smith's  loft. 

The  troops  rested  as  best  they  could  in  the  midst 
of  the  continuous  rainstorm,  and  before  daylight  on 
the  5th,  Hooker,  who  was  eager  for  an  engagement, 
pressed  forward,  and  at  half-past  seven  was  ready 
for  tho  attack.  The  First  Massachusetts  and  the 
Second     New     Ha  mn  shire     Regiments     ad vane ec 


^S2    his  onginu!  liDe,  and  this  his  compare- 
lively  small  force  did  reluctantly.  He 
I  jtired  slowly,  disputing  all  the  way, 
until  ho  could  form  &  line  of  battle 
:'!u;o  by  the  Dam,  where  bo  awaited  the 
Confederate  advance,  now  led  by  Colonel 
Melbic,  who  had  taken  Early's  place,  aa 
tho  latter  was  wounded;  and  when  the 
enemy  reached  him,  ho  ordered  a  bay- 
onet-chnrgo  along  tlio  entire  lino,  which 
was  at  onco  vigorously  executed.  The 
Confederates  stood  their  ground  bravely, 
doubtless  in  the  expectation  of  reinforce- 
ments, which  did  not  raacb  them,  bnt 
had  finally  to  yield  the  ground  and  retire 
toward  Williamsburg,  which  they  did  as 
daikness     came     upon     the     contending 

The  gallantry  of  the  two  Confederate 
regiments  which  thus  engaged  the  Fed- 
ir?.1  right  wing  was  such  as  to  afterward 
call  forth  the  following  remark  from  Gen- 
:ral  Hancock:  "The  Fifth  North  Carolina 
inrl  Twenty -fourth.  Virginia  deseive  to 
have  the  word  'Immortal'  inscribed  on 
their  banners." 

Hancock's  sudden  chargo  decided  the  battle,  foi 
it  left  the  rcnl  key  of  tho  position  in  Fedend  hands. 
With  tho  reinforcements  which  McClollan  had 
caused  to  bo  sent  him  immediately  npon  reaching 
the  scene  luti  in  the  afternoon,  Hancock  took  oos- 
!  ess  ion  of  all  the  ground  he  had  previously  occu- 
pied, i.nd  night  closed  upon  what  proved  to  bo  a 
dearly  bonght  victory  for  the  Federals.  They  had. 
in  fact,  gained  it  after  sustaining  a  loss  of  2,2^S  in 
killed  and  wounded,  the  Confederate  loss  being 
only  about  half  that  number. 

Early  on  the  6th  of  May,  Williamsburg  was 
occupied  by  the  Federals,  while  Johnston's  army 
was  again  beyond  the  Cliiekahominy.  The 
Federals  rested  until  the  main  body  had 
come  tip,  and  on  the  8th.  Stoneman  was 
sent  with  Smith's  division  to  open  the 
road  to  Franklin.  On  the  16th  the  ad- 
vance reached  White  House,  and  four 
days  later  McClellan  established  his  head- 
quarters at  Cold  Harbor,  about  nine  miles 
from  Hichmond.  Troops  were  already 
stationed  at  Potlotn's  liridge,  and  on  the 
20th  c  strong  force  occupied  the  heights 
on  the  Richmond  side  of  the  Chickaho- 
mray  River. 

On  the  5th  of  May,  McClellan  had 
n.-ieied  Franklin's  division  to  leave  its 
prolonged  station  in  the  Posqnotin  River,  j| 

ind     proceed    to   West    Point    with    tho  <*jј 

divisions    of  Generals  Richardson,  Sedg-  J||j 

ivick   and  Porter.     Franklin  reached  '.be  ]    £ 

head  of  the  York  'diver  the  same  evening, 
and  early  tho  following  day  Newton's 
troops  landed  on  the  right  bank  of  tho 
I'amuukcy  River,  where  the  remainder 
■  if  General  Franklin's  division  soon  joined 
thorn. 

La  to  in  the  evening  of  the  ?th,  an  un- 
successful attempt  was  made  to  drivo  off 
the  Federals  by  the  Confederates  belong- 
ing to  the  rear  guard  of  Johnston's  re- 
treating forces.  The  latter  were  mot  by 
the  Sixteenth,  Thirty-first  and  Thirty 
second  New  York,  and  tho  Nii.ety-fifth 
Had  Ninety-sixth  Pennsylvania  Regiments, 
who  kept  up  for  nearly  four  hours  a  sharp 
musketry  fire  through  tho  woods,  until 
they  received  tho  cannon  landed  by  tho 
gunboats.  With  tho  aid  of  the  bntterie- 
qui  landed  the  Federals  soon  drove 
iwuy  the  Confederates,  who  continued  on 
their  rot-eat.  The  Federal  1  oases  In  this 
encounter  were  ii)  killed  arid  1S4  wounded 
itul  missing. 

The  other  divisions  worj  diny  landed 
from   the   transports,   and    'ho    Tederals 


EDWIN   VOSE   SUMNER, 


thereafter    held    the    position 

base  of  supplies   for   the  Army  of  tho  Potomac, 


EDWIN  VOSE   SUMNER. 


J  at  Bos!  or. 


Mass.,  January,  1780,  nnd  after  com- 
.Indies,  entered  the  army,  becoming  second  lieu- 
ifauiry.  March  3d,  1810,  and  lint  lieutenant  in 
.Tu'y.  1S33.  lie  was  made  resistant  cemmisiiry  of  snb- 
Nbtence  in  June.  1S27,  captain  of  dmeoons  j"  Hareh,  1633,  unort  Pji|a(.y  Johnston  in 
command  if  the  Department  of  Ihe  Pacific;  He 
eomnihiiidL'd  llie  Firhl  Corps  of  McClcltan's  rrrny 
throughout  the  Virginia  Peninsular  Cnrnpnlga,  ir 
April-May,  1802,  where  he  was  twice  wounded, 
und  in  .Inly  of  the  same  year  was  commissioned  a 
maji>r-eeneral  of  Volunteers,  and  placed  at  lliu 
head  of  tho  Secnnd  Corps.  He  afterward  took 
part  at  IlicliaKle  of  Fredericksburg,  In  December, 
1863,  and  was  relieved  from  service  (be  following 
month  al  his  own  request.  In  March,  1H03,  lie 
was  placed  nt  the  Iinil  of  llie  IVpurtmcnl  'if  the 
Missouri,  but  on  the  way  to  Ids  post  be  was  lukcn 
ill,  and  died  m  Syracuse,  N.Y.,  March  31st,  l&Cd 


JOHN  JAMES  PECK. 

Eoiin  at  Manilla,  S.  Y  ,  Janunrj  4th.  1S31; 

entered  tbc  L'nit.d  St.t,,  Military  Academy  at 

West  Point  in  18-111.  m  corarai.iior.ed  a  breve  t- 

in  the  Mexican  War,  and  especially  diatinguishc4 

himself  nt  tho  battles  of  Palo  Alto,  ftesaca  do  la 

Polma,  Coot  rents,  Churubusco,  and  El  Ifollno  dd 

Rcy,  receiving  fn  return  the  grades  of  firet  Ueu- 

tennot,   of  brevet-cap  tain,   and  of  brevet-major. 

He  resigned  his  army  commjjelon  on  the  81st  o) 

March,  1853,  to  take  the  position  af  cashier  in  a 

bank  at  Syracuse,  N.  Y.;  bat  ot  the  breaking  out 

of  th,.  C'iHl  War  he  tendered  his  service)  to  the 

Government,  and  rp-cutered  the  inrny  at  tho  head 

of   a    regiment   of  volunteer-.     On    the   9th   of 

August,  1801,  he  was  made  a  brigadier-general, 

an     additional     and  at  the  time  of  the  Virginia  Peninsular  Campaign,  In 

April-May,  1863,  was  given  the  command  of  a  brigndo  in  the 

Fourth   Corps  under  General  Darius  N.  Couch.     He  wtu 

appointed  a  major-general  in  July,  1683,  and  afterward  con;- 

mamied  at  Suffolt--.,  Va.,  where  Longstreet  conducted  a  stage 

ogeiast  him  ;  also  in  North  CnrcMna,  and  on  the  borders  of 

Canada, 


THE  OCCUPATION  OF  NOEFOLE. 

When'  President  Lincoln  and  Secretaries  Ohnso 
itod  Fortress  Btonroo  after  the  enr- 
rendcrof  Yorktown,  General  Wool  repeated  his  re- 
quest to  bo  allowed  to  break  up  tho  Confederate 


received  severe  wounds,  that  he  was  soon  nftti  breveted  a    blockade   of  the  James  Itiver, 


JOHN   JAMlid  PHCB 


given  tho 

desired  loavo  moro  readily  when  it  was 
learned  that  tho  Confedomto  General 
Benjamin  Huger  was  preparing  to  leave 
Norfolk. 

On  tho  8th  of  Aloy,  arrasgomentg  wok 
raado  for  a  joint  land  and  naval  ospe- 
dition.  Commodoro  Golds- 
borough  transferred  to  Cap- 
tain James  L,  Lardner  tho  command  of 
a  squadron  composed  of  tho  Monitor, 
NaugatucJc,  Susquehanna,  SsmtaalB,  San 
Jacinto,  Steve/is  and  Dakota,  and  General 
Wool  embarked  upon  transports  a  Lint' 
force  consisting  of  the  First  Delaware, 
the  Tenth,  Twentieth  and  Ninety-ninth 
New  York,  and  tho  Fifty-eighth  Penn- 
sylvania Regiments,  os  well  as  some 
mounted  riflemen,  and  two  batterieE  oi 
artillery. 

Tho  Sowall's  Point  and  Craney  Island 
batteries  1Y3"  o  at  oneo  engaged  by  the 
Bnuadron,  the  Monitor  and  tho  Stevens 
being  stationed  iu  tho  immediate  front, 
Tho  Confederates  did  not  respond  for 
some  tinio,  and  when  thoy  dually  ro 
turned  lire,  showed  that  but  seventeen 
"-.!iis  remained  in  the  main  battery  a! 
Sowall's  Point.  At  half-prat  two  o'clock 
tho  Confederate  ram  Merrimack  ( Fir 
ginia)  camo  out  from  Norfolk,  apparent!) 
to  engage  tho  squadron;  but  when  the 
Monitor  advuncod  toward  hur,  sho  steumoc1 
nuok,  and  kupt  out  of  reach. 

The  shelling  of  tho  bat torioS  continued 
during  the  afternoon,  and  caused  tho  com- 
ploto  destniotion  of  the  Oonfodornto  bar* 
racks,  and  of  many  of  tho  earthworks. 
Shortly  after  five  o'clock  tho  squadron 
was  o  ill  ere  1 1  back,  and  the  troops  won) 
disembarked.  A  rcconnoissnnco  was  mad' 
tho  following  day  by  General  Wool,  in 
company  with  Secretary  Ohaso  and  soma 
leading  topographical  engineura,  when  it 
was  decided  to  bunl   aboat  S.uOC  uuui  "' 


i'A 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


3'9 


Ocean  View,  on  Willongbb/B  Beacli.  That  dame 
afternoon  t'io  troops  were  re-embark**,,  tlio  lat- 
teries once  "novo  engaged,  in  order  to  direct  at- 
tention from  (lie  real  object  of  the  movement, 
met  early  on  the  morning  of  the  10th  the.  Fed- 


erals landed  at  Ocean  Vi< 
Generals  Wool,  Viele 
iiiid  Mansfield  then  took 
eummand.  A  force  was 
immediately  sent  to  take 
possession  of  and  guard 
'.ho  hridgo  over  Tanner's 
Creek,  In  tht  .ear  of  the 


without  opposition. 


to  apoirit  about  two  and  ahalf  miles  south  of  Win-  Jackson'?  attempt  on  the  Feueral  left  having 
Chester,  closely  pursued  by  Turner  Ashby's  cavalry,  proved  unsuccessful,  ho  centred  his  attention  npon 
Sbielda  was  in  hopes  that  Jackson  would  attack  its  right  flank,  toward  which  additional  batteries 
him,  and  thus  delay  the  posssiblo  junction  with  were  directed,  while  at  the  same  time  a  renewed 
Johnston  before  Richmond.  attack  was  made  on  the  left.     The  movement  was 

On  the  22d    of    March,  Ashby'a  cavalry  made    so  well  directed  and  so  admirably  executed,  that 

Daum's     artillerj     gave 
-_---__  way,  and  the  rapid  Con- 
federate advance  at  one 
moment  bid    fair  to  en- 
"\      s  _  danger    the    Federal 
~~  -t^l  forces. 

"^^h  General    8bieldB,  then 


tery; 


BLOWING  UP  OF  Til 


bat  they  ] 

with  orti 
opposite  ) 
The  C( 
disappear 
the     time 

forward, 
position 
when    the 

march. 


the  Confederates,  which 
still  held  twenty-nine 
-ens,  and  by  five  o'clock 
Genera]  Wool  and  his 
troops  were  in  the  im- 
mediate vicinity  of  Norfolk.  They  were  preparing- 
for  a  vigorous  attack  of  the  place,  when  tbov  worn 
approached  by  Mayor  Lamb  of  Norfolk  and  a  de- 
putation of  its  citizens,  bearing  a  flag  of  truce  and 
in  offer  to  surrender  the  city.  The  latter  was 
turned  over  to  General  Wool,  who  at  once  ap- 
pointed General  Viele  its  military  governor. 

General  Huger  had  been  ordered  not  to  make 
any  resistance  to  armed  Federal  occupation,  and 
lie  had,  therefore,  left  the  city  in  charge  of  its 
Mayor,  and  retre'.ted  to  Richmond  upon  hearing 
that  the  Federal  forces  had  occupied  Ocean  View. 

Early  on  the  morning  of  the  11th,  a  largo  fire 
t?aa  seen,  and  a  heavy  explosion  heard  in  the  di- 
rection of  the  city.  It  proved  afterward  to  bo 
Die  bn ruing  of  the  Navy  Yard  with  all  its  con- 
tents, ani  the  blowing  np  of  the  Merrimack  under 
the  direction  of  Commodoro  TatnalL 

Norfolk  and   Portsmouth  were  taken  possession 

|Ui  Jm  of,  and  the  batteries  at  Sowall's  Point 
and  Crancy  Island  blown  up,  by  Com- 
modore (ioldsborough,  while  the  commanding 
general  and  Secretary  Chase  returned  to  Fortress 
Monroe.  There  General  Wool  soon  received,  for 
himself  and  the  soldiers  under  his  command,  the 
t hunks  of  the  President. 

OPERATIONS    IN   THE    SHENANDOAH 
VALLEY. 

Oenbbal  Jaiibs  Shields,  who  had  succeeded 
General  F.  W.  Lander,  upon  the  death  of  the  latter, 
had  followed  the  Confederates  nndei'  General  Jack- 
son as  far  as  Mount  Jackson,  but  finding  them  in 
-traitor  force  than  bo  expected,  ho  bud  fallen  back 


;d   the    charge, 

and,    after    a    desperate 

and  prolonged  resistance, 

a  dash  into  Winchester,  and  drove  in  the  Federal  captured  the  guns.    Then  followed  nti  attack  upon 

picicts;  but  after  a  short  though  lively  skirmish  tbe  Confederates,  in  which  Tyler's  brigade  was  sig- 

iiAMit  ibe.       tno  Confederates  were  driven  back,  nally  aided  by  the  Thirteenth  and  Fourteenth  In- 

Wliilo  directing  the  Federals,  Gen-  diana.  Eighty-fourth  Pennsylvania,  and  Fifth  anil 

end  Shields  had  his  arm  shattered,  and  he  was  also  Sixty-second  Rogiments,  as  well  as  by  detachments 

wounded  in  the  side  by  the  fragments  of  a  shell ;  from  (lie  Eighth  and  Sixty-seventh  Ohio  Regiments. 

but,  notwithstanding  his   injuries,   ho   made  pre-  The  Confederates  made  a  bold  stand,  but  they  were 

partitions  to  meet    the    renewed  encounter,  which  ufc  last  forced  back  through  tbe  woods,  and  eoin- 

he  thought  would  bo  likely  to  take  place  tho  fol-  pelled  to  leave  behind  their  dead  and  wounded. 

lowing  day.  Their  loss  was  80  killed  and  342  wounded,  whilst 

He  sent  the  same  night  to  Kornstown,  about  half  that  of  the  Federals  was   HI  wounded   and    103 

a  mile  distant,  the  brigade  commanded  by  Colonel  killed,  tho  latter  including  Colonel  Mnrrny  of  tht 

Kimball    of    tho    Fourteenth    Indiana    Regiment,  Eighty -fourth    Pennsylvania.     The    Federals    cap- 

whioh  was  well  supported  by  Damn's  battery,  and  tared  in  all  about  300  prisoners,  besides  two  pieced 

had   Colonel   Sullivan's   brigade  as  a  reserve.     A  of  artillery,  several  caissons  and  a  quantity  of  small 

reconnoissanco    inado    the    next    morning   showed  arms.     This  engagement  should  properly  be  called 

only    Ashby's    cavalry    in    tho    immediate    front,  tho  battle  of  Kemstown,  although  it  is  termed  by 

although     the    Confederates   were    nt    that    time  many  tho  battle  of  Winchester, 

strongly  posted  and  ready  for  battle  in  the  woods,  Gonoral  Banks  bad  boon  apprised  of  the  progress 

half  a  milo  south  of  Kornstown.     Not  anticipating  of  tbe  battlo  by  telegraph,  and  returned  the  next 

in  engagement,  General  Banks  went  to  Washing-  morning  to  Winchester,  where  ho  took  command  in 

tun,  in  response  to  a  summons  ho  had  previously  person,  and  a  pursuit  was  made  to  Woodstock,  a 

received.  distance  of  about  thirty  miles,  without,  however, 

At  about  twelve  o'clock  Jackson  opened  upon  bringing  about  any  engagement. 
Kimball's  forco  with  artillery.  Tho  firo  was  inline-  Stonowall  Jackson's  army  foil  hack  to  Harrison- 
diately  returned  by  Danm's  battery,  while  tho  re-  burg,  where  it  remained  until  the  19th  of  April, 
servo  was  ordered  up,  and  tho  engagement  soon  when  it  crossed  tho  south  fork  of  the  Shennndo?!: 
became  general.  Jackson  onco  made  tho  attempt  River.  There  it  received,  at  tho  end  of  tho  mouth, 
to  turn  Kimball's  left,  but  tho  Confederates  were  ,w>  General  Richard  S.  Swell's  division. 
repulsed  by  tho  combined  efforts  of  Colonel  Car-  A  "^  and  two  of  Gonoral  Edward  S.  John- 
roll's  Eighth  Ohio  Regiment,  several  companies  of  Bon's  brigades.  General  Banks  had  followed  Jack 
the  Sixty-seventh  Ohio  Regiment,  and  Jenks'a  hat-  son,  mid  taken  position  at  Harrisonburg  ;  but  as 
tery,  which  were  judiciously  thrown  forward  on  soon  i;s  General  Shiolds/s  division  was  taken  from 
both  sides  of  the  Vulloy  Turnpike.  him  and  given  to  McDowell,  he  was  ordered  to  fa'J 


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THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR 


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NAVAL   HOSPITAL    AND    HATTERY    AT    I'lill TSUODTH,  VA. 


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THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


32* 


back  to  Str.isbuig.  x>.  icw  days  later  McDowell  was  port  of  Captain  Ma] 
ordered  to  join  HcClellnn  before  Richmond,  by  section  of  Knapp's  lx 
way  of  the  Richmond  and  PrederickBlmrg  Rail-  raado  avorybrarora 
road,  and  yet  hold  himself  always  in  such  n  posi-  driven  across  the  riv 
tion  (ib  to  cover  "Washington  and  against  a  sudden  bridge,  lint  the  flam 
dash  of  any  large  body  of  the  Confederate  forces,  the  Confederates,  w 
General  James  "Wadsworth  was  appointed 
Military  Governor  of  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia, and  placed  at  the  bend  of  the  troops 
assigned  to  the  defense  of  the  capital 

Jackson  had  been  ordered  to  watch  Banks 
closely,  and  to  hold  him  while  General  Lee 
woold  endeavor  to  cut  off  the  Federal  com- 
mnnication  between  Winchester  and  Alex- 
andria. As  soon,  however,  as  he  learned 
that  part  of  Fremont's  forces,  under  General 
Milrov,  were  approaching  from  Roomer,  he 
left  Swell  to  hold  Banks,  and  moved  rapidly 
toward  Stannton.  whence  ha  sent  E.  S.  John- 
urn,  with  five  brigades,  to  attack  Milroy. 
Tho  latter,  finding  his  forces  greatly  out- 
numbered, retired  to  n  place  in  tho  Bull 
Pasture  Mountains  called  McDowell,  where 
he  was  joined  by  one  of  Schcuck's  brigades 
at  about  the  time  Jackson  had  concluded  to 
go  to  Johnson's  assistance. 

On  the  8th  of  May  Jackson  appeared  with 
a  large  force  on  a  ridge  overlooking  the  Fed- 
eral encampment,  and  Milroy  sont  the  Third 
Virginia  and  tho  Twenty-fifth,  Thirty-second, 
Seventy-fifth  and  Eighty-second  Ohio,  with  a 
6-pounder  of  tho  Twelfth  Ohio  Battery,  ia 
charge  of  Lieutcnunt  Bowcn,  to  dislodge 
him.  The  engagement  that  followed,  and 
which  ia  called  the  battle  of  McDowell,  or 
the  battle  of  Bull  Pasture,  was  fought  with 
great  gallantry  on  both  sides.  It  lasted  fully 
five  houre,  and  did  not  actually  terminate 
until  darkness  had  set  in.  The  losses  were 
reported  at  256  in  killed  and  wonnded  on 
the  Federal  side,  tho  Confederates  having 
loat  a  still  Erreater  number,  including  Gen- 
eral Edward  S.  Johnson,  who  wa3  counted  among    thev  had   severely 


sra,  supported  by  a  centre.     Tho  rear  had  proceeded  but  a  short  dis- 

hongh  tho  Federals  tance  beyond  Cedar  Creek,  when  reports  reached 

By  were  before  long  them  that  the  train  had  been  attacked  at  Middlo- 

■  tried  to  hum  the  town.     This  was  soon  followed  by  the  train  itself, 

extinguished  by  which  had  been  ordered  to  the  rear.     The  troops 


pursued  relentlessly  until 


:  then  moved  rapidly  to  the  front,  where  a  small 
Confederate  force  was  encountered  and 
beaten  hack  to  the  Front  Royal  Road  by 
Cochran's  battery,  the  Twenty-eighth  New 
Fork,  and  the  Forty-sixth  Pennsylvania  Re- 
giments, under  lieutenant-colonels  Brown 
and  Knipe. 

A  recounoissance  made  by  Broadhead's 
cavalry  showed  tho  road  clear  to  Win- 
chester; but  before  Banks's  main  body  bad 
gone  much  beyond  Middlotewn,  it  was  re- 
ported that  a  large  portion  of  Jackson's 
forces  had  already  reached  Winchester. 
Banks  harried  on,  and  just  as  he  had 
reached  Newtown,  was  attacked  by  tho  ad- 
vance guard  of  the  Confederates ;  hut  the 
latter  were  compelled  to  retire  after  a 
spirited  engagement,  in  which  the  Second 
Massachusetts,  Twenty-seventh  Indiana,  and 
Twenty-eighth    New  York,  took  a  leading 


rt. 


By  midnight  Banks  was  in  Winchester, 
where  ho  soon  posted  his  infantry  and  ai- 
tillcry,  and  prepared  actively  to  meet  tha 
Confederate  attack,  which  he  justly  thought 
must  needs  soon  follow. 

Uoforo  daybreak  of  the  25th,  Jackson 
moved  simultaneously  against 
tho  Federal  left,  commanded 
by  Colonel  Donnelly,  and  against  the  right 
wing,  which  had  beeu  placed  in  charge  of 
Colonel  Gordon  nnd  was  well  posted  npon 
a  ridge  toward  the  southern  position  of  tbo 
nity. 

The  Federals    repulsed  the  Confederates, 

JAMES  SHIELDS.  who  suffered  a  heavy  loss  on  the  left;  but; 

they  were  not  so  successful  on  tha  right. 

,ded    Keuly   ani   captured    An  attempt  to  torn  the  Federal   flank  from  the 


him,  as  well   as  about  700  of  his  men,  his  gnns,  Borryvillo    Road,  and   a  well-directed   movement 

Milroy's  position  proving  untenable,  it  was  de-  and  all  of  his  supply-train.  against  the  centre,  whore  General  Hatch  had  the 

cided  to  abandon  it,  and  during  the  following  night  The  news  of  Eenly'a  defeat  reached  Banks  at  cavalry,  compelled   the  Federals  to  yield  in  tarn. 

the  Federals  retired   to  Franklin.     Jackson   pur-  Stnisburg,  and  to  avoid  tho  possibility  of  capture  Reinforcements    had    been     continually    reaching 

sned  them  to  the  latter  place,  but  when  ho  learned  after  Jackson  would  cut  off  his  supplies  and  rein-  Jackson,  and    after    a    desperate    engagemsnt    of 

that  Banks  was  preparing  to  fall  hack  from  Harri-  forcement3  by   taking    possession    of  Winchester,  nearly  five  hours'  duration,  the  Federals  had  fully 

aonhurg,  he  retained  to  McDowell,  and  crossed  the  Banks  decided  to  avail  of  h.'s  only  menus  of  eseapu  given  way  along  tho  entire  line, 

mountains  after  him.     By  the  time  Jackson  was  down  the  Valley.     It  was  likely  to  prove  an  even  Banks  first  sent  his  trains  toward  the  Potomac, 


r  Springs,  ho  we' 


guard, 
bad  got 


for  Winchester,  the  objective  point  nnd  tho    and  retreated  through  the  City  of  Winchester  under 

a  heavy  fire,  and  with  the 
Second  Massachusetts  and 
the    Third  Wisconsin    Re- 
acting  as  a  rear 
When    the    army 
beyond   the  city, 
ts  ordered  it  to  be  di- 
1    into    three    parallel 
nns,   each    of    which 
given    a3  powerful    a 
guard    as    could    be 
id ;    and    after   an  al- 
continuoua  skirmish- 
with      the     pursuing 
federates,     Banks's 
'  reached  Martinsburg, 
tanco  of  about  twenty- 
i  miles,  the  same  after- 


yto  leave  Lebanon  Sulp 
Banks  waa  well  on  his  way 
toward  Strasbnrg,  Jackson 
pushed  on  to  New  Market, 
-fhere  he  joined  Swell,  who 
had  already  started  in  pur- 
suit, and  the  united  forces 
proceeded  thence  at  once 
into  the  Lnray  Valley,  in 
order  to  try  and  cut  off,  at 
Front  Royal,  Banks's  pos- 
sible retreat  in  that  direc- 
tion. The  Confederate 
forces  which  were  thus  con- 
solidated represented  about 
20,000  men,  and  embraced 
E well's  brigades,  led  by 
Generals  Elzey,  Taylor  and 
Trimble,  as  well  as  Gen- 
eral   E.  S.  Johnson's;    the 

brigade  of  Generals  Cam  |-  '<  .    X  W>{L(^*  *)  <4t<ј^&3G£&& '*^^C%i   ~5      -  i   :   ''  /' '  SH^k)  1^ r^~  Tho    Federala    rested    at 

bell,      Fnlkeston      and        -       f  /    1/ W^^-JpP^^"     \L    ^:VJlB'tJ:-~      Martinsburg     two     and 
binder,  and   AsLby'a   ear-  -     \A     ^:-     jJјS&r  * jk  ^    \V    lV^^^   -^5s~       half     hours,     and     then 

dry;    Colonel     Flournoy's  .-  -.*       "     jrf$fc¥  Ml     A^  V^V    >Ki    )  fc-//r A^oBlF --.   - ^  marched    on    toward    Wil- 

Kecond  and  Sistb  Virginia         '     ^z    ..     "-         :*■    ■'■     (if"---    -X'/V./"/   '^tt^/^SSE^  W--^^?--         ""lc-  opposite   tho   city,  at 

Maryhmd  Batteries.  ^fc.  ,       *  %  /         jSl*  ^"^  S-       #■/  ^->- -        -,,  ,m!,  k   .,,  u"  evening. 

This  advance  waa  so  well  ^_  .^^JJ<,^  '    !^^^S^^/k    "  /■' )         -     "  They    had     thns     covered 

managed,  that  tho  Confed  -      _       *~  -         •***&*      '--^f  ^"^^^^^JSv  fifty-three    miles   in  forty- 

orates    fell     npon    Colonel  '    *  eight  hours, 

Kenb/a   small   garrison   of  I'UllsrJIT  OF  GENERAL  BAMKs's  TROOPS  TUROUHH  THE  OITT  or  WINCHESTER,  Va.  The  cavalry  waded  across 

about  T.400  men  stationed  the  river,  but  the  infantry 

it  Front  Royal,  almost  lielore   liana-  luid  any  In-    real  key  to  tho  Valley,  wilH  about  e^nMisiaut  irom    uud  artillery  enrdd  not  be  successfully  moved  acres* 
timntions  of  their  approach.     At  about  noon  of  the    Front  Royal  and  from  Stnisburg.  until  the  laying  of  a  ponton-train,  which  haJ  for- 

23d,  Aflbby's  cavalry  attacked  Ken'y'e        Banks  set  out  from  the  latter  place  on  tho  morn-    tunntcly  beeu  brought  along  from  Stnisburg. 
H*t,  nva      j^tjo  fOT^  (jougjjtipg  altogether,  at    ing  of  tho  34th,  with  his  train  in  the  immediate        By  noon  of  tho  20th,  all  of  Banks's  army  was 
[■  rout  Royal  proper  and  on  the  Road,  of  companies    front,  protected   by  detachments  of  infantry  and    safely  lauded  on  tho  Maryland  side  in  time  to  avoid 
takenfrom  the  Fifth  New  York,  Second  Miwsachu-    cavalry  under    Colonel    Dudley  Donnelly,  whilst    n  renewed  conflict  with  tho  Confed  unites,  who,aftor 
Setts,  Third  Wisconsin,  and  the  Twenty-seventh    General  John  P.  Hatch  commanded  tho  rear  guard,    pursuing  the  Federals  as  far  as  Martinsburg,  had 


Indiana  and  Pennsylvania  Regiments,  as  well  as    and  to  Colonel  George  II.  Gordo 


i  given  tbo    jnat  reached  tho  opposite  banks  of  the  river. 


HAKKY   B.   HIDDEN. 


REOONNOISSANCE    OF    THE    CONFEDERATE    POSITION    AT   STRA 


£ATJ)L"    OF    WIMUJaEtii'ltfK,   VA.,  ilAiiCfl   23u,  IStiA  -DECISIVE    UAVa 


iiAiiiiv  ii.  Milium 


BEOONNOISSANOB    OP    THK    UONFBDHBATB    POSITION    AT    STJUSBljllG.   1-HEVIOTO   TO    ITS    OCOBPATION     UV    OBNEEAL   FRBHWI?. 


wt 


32* 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


THE    SOLDIER     IN     OUR     CI1IL     WAX. 


3^5 


GENERAL    FREMONT  3    DI 


i*hb  loss  of  tho  Federals  wna  about  000  men. 
Alt  the  Feilera!  gun;,  and  ull  b^t  Gfty-five  of  nearly 
five  hundred  wagons,  were  savad. 

Jackson's  advance  had  caused  almost  a  panic  in 
Washington,  and  under  the  belief  that  the  capital 
was  soon  to  be  attacked]  orders  had  been  issned  to 
tho  Governors  of  the  dilkvont.  States  to  hurry  for- 
ward nil  the  volunteers  and  militia  they  could  spare, 
wliile  the  transportation  lines  wore  directed  to  hold 
themselves  in  readiness  to  convey  infantry,  artil- 
lery and  cavalry,  as  well  as  ammunition  and  all 
kinds  of  army  supplies,  to  the  exclusion,  if  need 
be,  of  all  other  business. 

The  President  countermanded  the  orders  pre- 
viously given  McDowell  to  move  with  Shields'a 
division  upon  Richmond,  and  ordered  him  to  Unine- 


diatclypnt  20,000  men  into  tho  Shenandoah  Valley., 
This  was  for  the  purpose  of  relif>"iu"  Banks,  nod  in 
order  that  ho  might  there  eo-operate  with  the  latter, 
as  well  as  with  Fremont,  who  had  been  ordered  to 
move  in  tho  rear  of  Jackson's  army,  by  way  of 
Franklin  and  Harrisonburg. 

Perceiving  the  danger  to  which  he  was  exposed, 
Jackson  caused  Enell,  on  the  29th,  to  mako  a 
feigned  attack  upon  Harper's  Ferry,  then  held  by 
General  Rnfiis  Sax  ton,  in  order  to  mask  his  in- 
tended retreat,  and  the  following  day  his  entire 
army  was  on  its  march  from  Winchester  to  fjtras- 
bsrg,  reaching  the  latter  place  on  the  1st  of  Juno, 
and  at  once  proceeding  thence  in 
the  direction  of  Harrisonburg.  Jack- 
son destroyed  not  only  all  the  bridges  as  he  ad- 


vanced, but  he  sent,  besides,  cavalry  in  different 
directions  to  destroy  such  as  wcro  likely  to  be  U6ed 
by  McDowell's  army. 

Fremont  crossed  tho  mountains  with  as  little 
delay  as  was  practicable,  end,  through  heavy  roads, 
reached  Strasburg  just  after  Jackson  had  passed 
through  it.  Thero  he  was  joined  the  following 
morning  by  General  George  D.  Bayard,  whe 
brought  with  him  tho  vanguard  of  Shields'e  cav- 
alry, and,  without  waiting  either  for  re  info  re  em  on  Is 
or  to  afford  the  fatigued  troops  their  much  needed 
rest,  they  immediately  started  in  pursuit  of  Jack- 
son.  They  shortly  after  overtook  his  rear,  with 
which  they  had  a  slight  skirmish,  and  followed 
close  upon  the  retreating  force  until  their  advanea 
was  checked,  on  the  3d,  by  the  barning  of  th" 


THOHOOQHFABU  GAP.  A   PASS  IN   THE  MOUNTAINS   ON   THH   MANABSA8  GAP  BAII.ROAD,   NEAR  STKAJiBUllU,   VA. 


12  f! 


THE     SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


'       'I 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CIVIL     WAR. 


337 


OOLOHEL   MLBUfl'fl   I1AT1 


I    TnE    REAR-GUARD   OF  TUB   CONFEDERATE   ARilY    AT   THE   CIR036IKG    00 
TOE   SHENANDOAH    RIVER.  JUNE  Bu,  1880. 


328 


THE    SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


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THE    SOLDIER     I.V    OUR     CJl'IL     WAR. 


339 


band  fought  desperately  to  get  out, 
lint  to  no  purpose,  and  lie  was 
5 Dolly  made  a  rrisoner,  vitb  over 
sixty  of  hie  man,  As  Hie  latter 
were  being  driven  ahead,  tney  were 
met  by  General  Bayard  and  Colonel 
Gustavo  Pan!  Clui-eret,  whe  had  fol- 
lowed  close   upon   Wyndham  with 

The  Confederates  were  fleroely  en 
gn?ed ;  and,  although  reinforced  by 
General  Stewart" 9  brigade,  were,  after 
a  ebarp  fight  of  several  nenrs,  com- 
pelled to  full  back  into  a  neighboring 
pine  forest,  with  the  loss  of  a  portion 
of  their  camp  equipage. 

Toward  evening.  General  Bayard 
ordered  Colonel  Kane,  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Bncktail  Rifles,  numbering 
about  125  men.  to  explore  the  forest, 
and,  if  possibls,  didodgo  the  enemy. 
They  entered  a  dense  pine  thicket  on 
the  left,  but  had  not  proceeded  far 
when  they  found  themselves  almost 
completely  surrounded  by  Confed- 
erates, which  Afterward  proved  to  bo 
detachments  iioni  four  regiments  of 
cavalry,  with  a  strong  support  of 
artillery.  The  Bucktails  flinched 
only  temporarily  in  faeo  of  the  al- 
most overwhelming  force  suddenly 
opposed  to  them.  Fire  wa3  opened 
upon  the  Con  federates,  who  promptly 
returned  it,  wounding  Colonel  Kane, 
and  rapidly  thinning  out  the  group 
of  Federals  opposing  them.  Snch  as 
remained  of  the  Bucktails  succeeded, 
however,  in  fighting  their  way  out  in 
the  darkness,  afler  a  loss  of  Q  killed 
and  4G  wounded  and  missing,  the 
latter  including  Colonel  Kane,  who 
had  been  made  :i  prisoner.  General 
Ashby  lost  his  lifo  in  this  engage- 
ment, while  gallantly  directing  the 
movements  of  bis  fine  body  of  cavalry. 

Before  Jackson's  forces  could  cross 
the  north  fork  of  the  Shenandoah, 
Fremont  was  close  upon  them  again, 
and  on  Sunday,  the  7th  of  June,  he 

tan.**  nttackc(1  Hw  brigades 
nndcr  Generals  Stewart, 
Elzoy  and  Trimble,  which  formed  the 
rear  uf  Jackson's  army,  and  which 
were  admirably  posted  upon  a  ridge 
commanding  the  road  close  by  the 
Cross- Keys  Church. 

These  wero  opposed  by  tbo  Federals 
nndcr  Generals  Stab],  Schcnck  and 
Ifilroy,  who  moved  steadily  np  the 
slope,  under  a  heavy  firo  of  shot  and 
shell,  and  gradually  pressed  back  the 
Confederates  until  late  in  the  after- 
noon, when,  in  view  of  their  heavy 
loss,  of  nearly  700  in  killed  and 
wonnned,  the  Federals  wero  ordered 
"  retire  to  their  original  position- 
Jackson  bad,  in  the  meantime, 
occupied  Port  Republic,  just  as 
Shields's  advance  guard,  led  by  Gen- 
eral Carroll,  reached  its  outskirts. 
There  bad  been  some  skirmishing 
between  the  two  forces,  but  nothing 
of  moment  occurred  until  the  morn- 
ing of  the  flth,  when  Ewell,  having 
Deen  ordered  to  Jackson's  assistance, 
attacked  the  Federal  right,  then 
commanded  by  General  E.  B.  Tyler, 
Ihe  onslaught  was  borne  bravely  by 
;he  little  Federal  force  of  only  3,001? 
men  opposed  to  more  than  twice  that 
number,  and  the  Confederates  were 
finally  driven  into  tbo  woods. 

Reinforcements  wore  sent  to  the 
Confederates,  who  then  made  a  com- 
bined front  and  flank  movement,  and 
with  well-served  artillery  depleted  tho 
Federal  ranks  to  such  an  extent  that 
Tyler  was  obliged  to  retreat,  with  the 
loss  of  all  but  one  of  bin  guns,  which 
were  abandoned  in  cofu5equenc*i  of 
'he  horses  being  killed. 

General  Carroll's  cavalry  protected 


F 


BATTLE   ON   THE   KOAD   FROM   HAERISONBURG  TO   POET   BBTOBUO   BETWEEN   THE   FORCES  OF    GEXEB, 

FBOll  4  31 


BATTLE  OF  CROSS  ILEYS,  SUNDAY,  JUNE  8tc,    1S0S  - 0EN1 


' 


BATTLE  ON  TUB'-  ROAD  FROM   HARRISONBORQ  TO   PORT  REl'UULIU 


BETWEEN  THE  FORCES  OF   GENERAL  pEMONT  AND  TEE  CONFEDERATES  UNDER  GENERALS  JACKSON  AND  EWELL,   MAT  ""  TO  JONE  ■ 


BATTLE  OF  UfiOSS  KEYS,   SUNDAY,  JUNE  8th.    ISO!!.- CENTRE  AND 


FRONT  OF   THE  FEDEliAL  AiiMY  IN  THE  ENGAGEMENT 


33* 


THE    SO/.D/ER     IN    OUR     C/IVL     WAR. 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR      CIVIL     WAR. 


333 


the  retreat  during  the  pursuit  which  was  afterward 
instituted  against  it  for  a  distance  of  nearly  five 
miles.  As  soon  ns  Tyloc  lnul  crOBsad  the  river  tlic 
bridge  was  sot  afire,  and  shortly  after  Fremont's 
force  ciinie  upon  the  scone,  whither 
it  had  been  drown  by  the  Eound  of 
battle. 

The  Federals  lost  nt  the  battlo  of 
Port  Hepublic  322  in  killed,  wounded 
and  missing.  Their  army  reached 
Harrisonburg  on  the  evening  of  tho 
Oth.  Fremont  thouce  going  to  Mount 
Harrison  and  Shields  to  New  Market. 

Jackson  encamped  at  Wcyer'a  Cave, 
where  he  remained  until  the  l?th, 
when  ho  was  culled  to  assist  Lee  in 
the  defense  of  Richmond,  whilst  a 
week  Inter  tlio  forces  under  Banks, 
Fremont  and  McDowell  were  con- 
solidated into  Ji  body  designated  tho  x< 
Army  of  Virginia,  and  given  in  com-  g 
maud  of  General  John  I'ope. 


broke  out.  and  lie  volunteered  his  service-*.  Incoming  a  lieu- 
tenant in  Lha  First  New  Verk  (Lincoln)  Cavalry,  com- 
manded uy  Colonel  Andrew  T.  Melt -ynolds  On  Ssiurdny, 
tlie  Sib  of  March,  1862,  Cum  panics  A  nnd  H  ot  tho  Lincoln 
Cavalry  had  been  ordorud  lo  proceed  to  Burk's  Station,  and 


JAMES   SHIKi.lis 


Bom 


D  itlC 


Uuunly  o(  Tyrone.  Ireland,  December  12lll, 

1PI0.  hdiI  emigrated   to  tlie  United  Stales 
about    1620;     Studied    law.    nurt    wns    nd. 
milled   l"  procure    nt    Knskaskin,   III.,   M 
Hie  early  ngo  of  Iwenlj-two.     lie  afterward 
gave  I j i ~  addition  lo  |ic>lilii*",  il nil  was  elm-ted 
lo  the  Stole  Legislature  iu  1880,  and  mmie 
State  Auditor  three  years  later.    In  191?  lie 
became  Judge  of  Ihc  Supreme  Conn,  and 
in  1815  was  Hppoinlcd  Commissioner  n(    Hie 
United  Stales  Laud   Office.     He  Fcrrcd  iu 
i  lie  Mexican  War,  and  was  severely  wounded 
bulb  at  llio  battles  of  Cerni  Gordo  nod  Cha- 
nullepec,    iu   which    lie   so    gallantly   con. 
dueled  liiniself.  thai  lie  wasgivio  Ibe  com- 
missions of    brigadier,  general  and  of    btcvtt 
major-general.     Hi-  served   under    General 
Taylor  ou  t lie  ltio  Grande,  mid  uuder  Gen- 
eral Wool  Dt  Cli ill ri a liUB-     He  alttrward  re- 
signed from  the  army,  and  was  appointed,  by 
tlie  President. Governor  of  Oregon  Territory 
iu  1848,  and  settled  in  California,  after  serv- 
ing as  United  Slate:  Scnalor  ftnni  Illinois,  1849-55,  and  from 
Minnesota.  185S-60.     He  again  tendered  Ids  services  upon 
I  he  breaking  out  of   tin-  Civil   War,  was  made  a  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers  on  August  lOlli,  1901,  look  a  leading 
part  in  tin-  bullies  of  Winchester  nod  o(  Port  Republic,  and 
resigned  from  Ilia  service  in  1B63.     Ho  llico  selllcil  in  Wis- 
consin, but  Booo  removed  lo  Carrol  I  Idd,  Mo.,  where  he  prac- 
liecd  law  und  wrved  05  ii  railroad  commissioner.     In  1874  lie 
"ns  elected  in  ilit  Mi^nori  I,'  ^i-l  iinre.  ivhich  elected  bim  in 
1870  to  serve  out  the  unexpired  lime  of  the  deceased  U.  S. 
Senator  Hogg.     He  died  at  Otiumwa,  Iowa,  June  HI,  1370. 

HARRY   15.  HIDDEN. 

Bobs  in  New  York  Cily  iu  1880.     He  bad  just  returned 

from  a  Irip  Iu  Europe  und  enlered  business,  when  the  war 


tho  first  lo  fnll  from  his  horse,  linving  received  a  ball  in  the 

left  shoulder,  which   passed  through  his  neck,  killiug  him 

instantly. 
The  command   then   devolved    upon    Corporal    Engeno 

Lewis,  who  continued  the  flglii,  both  on  horseback  nnd 
afoot,  until  the  euemy  bad  been  dispersed, 
wben  ibe  detachment  relumed  wilb  eleven 
prisoners.  General  Kearney,  who  had  wit- 
nessed Ibe  charge  from  an  eminence,  warmly 
complimented  Lowis  and  bis  men,  and  took 
down  (heir  names  for  public  commendation. 
Lloulonnnt  lliddou's  remains  were  taken  lo 
New  York  City,  and  buried  from  ibe  Pour- 
leeoth  Street  Presbyterian  Church,  escorted 
by  several  companies  of  Ibe  New  York 
Twenty  second  Regiment  mid  one  company 
of  the  New  York  Sevenly-arst  Regiment, 
with  n  troop  of  horse  as  a  guard  of  honor, 
nnd  Caphiiii  Ailums,  Lieutenant  Leavitt  and 
u  few  of  Ibe  Lincoln  Cuvalr 


JOHN   It.   KENLY. 
Born  ni  Baltimore,  Md.,  1820  ;  nfler 
pleting  his  eduenlion  be  devoted  his  lir 
lln-  study  oi  law,  and  achieved  great  pi 


Hal  111 


He 


'  Regiment 


JOHN    R.    KENLY. 

guard  a  portion  of  Ibe  railroad  nnd  n  bridge  then  being 
repaired.  They  were  sialioued  lucre  at  Ibe  lime  General 
Kearney  and  his  brieade  advanced,  lln:  following  morning. 
As  several  Confederate  scouts  had  been  (ecu  In  the  neighbor- 
hood. Kearney  ordered  Lieutenant  Hiddeo  lo  proceed  with  n 
detachment  of  fourteen  men  nf  the  Lincoln  Cavalry  lo  n  cer 
tain  [mini  of  the  road  lurnuj'ti  "hid.  be  intended  advancing, 
and  io  feel  and  report  Ibe  enemy's  position  They  hood  came 
UpOD  one  of  the  Coult'derntc  riuppriris,  (■■■rihi^l in^  or  about 
100  itifaiilry,  who  formed  quickly,  and  commenced  firing 
into  Ibcni.  The  temptation  for  a  charge  on  the  purl  of  Ihc 
cavalry  now  became  irresistible  Quickly  Lieiiiennul  Hidden 
'old  oil  his  men.  nnd  plneiue  him-clf  at  their  head,  dashed 
upon  Ibe  Confederals  :it  full  .-|ieeil.  clu-i-riiiy  nnd  ^houlitig  to 
the  men  "a  be  advanced.  Many  of  ihc  Con fedcniles  fled,  bui 
others  Itiughl  derpei.ilely,  nnd  Lieutenant  lliddeii  was  one  of 


throughout  ibe  Mexican  Warm 
Maryland  regiment,  nnd  distinguished  him. 
self   in  -everid   ..(   tlie  most  prominent  i-o- 
gogemenisof  thai  eventful  campaign.     At 
its  termination  bo  resumed  the  practice  of 
law  in  bis  native  State,  until  ibe  breaking 
oul  of  the  Civil  War  led  bim  once  more  to 
lender  his  services  lo  the  United  Slates  Gov- 
ernment,   llecnlend  the  arm  v.  receiving  ibe 
commission  of  colonel  i>(  ll 
or  Maryland  Yolu Hirer  In 
ho  much  attention  to  ilie  oritouizstion  of  bin 
il  soon  obtained  a  name  for 
nd   lo  none  other  in  the  dc- 
was  appointed   by   General 
inks  pruvosl-m  oralis  1  of  tho  City  of   Bnl- 
timorc,  June  27th,  1881,  in  place  or  Colonel 
George  P.  Kane,  who  wns  confined  iu  Fort 
Mclleury  on  "  rlinrge  of  treason. 

August  3M,  1863,  Colonel  Kenly  was  np- 
poinled  brigadier-general,  by  President  Lin- 
coln, for  gallant  conduct  at  the  bailie  of 
Frout  Royal,  and  also  appointed  major- 
general  of  volunteers,  March  18th,  1805,  for 
gallant  am)  meritorious  services  during  the 
wnr.  Aficr  the  war  he  resumed  Ibe  practice  of  bis  pro- 
fession io  his  native  City,  where  ho  is  now  (1884|  residing. 


BATTLE  OF  JAMES  ISLAND,  S.  C. 
Tin:  Federal  army  stationed  at  Port  Royal,  S.  0, 
being  unoccupied  by  any  demonstration  of  the  Con- 
federate troops,  General  LT.  W.  Ben  hum,  in  com- 
mand of  tlio  Federal  land  forces,  determined,  early 
in  Juno,  1862,  to  dttsli  across  James  Island,  and 
there  surprise  Colonel  J.  G.  Lamar,  who  com- 
manded about  8,000  Confederate  soldiers  stationed 
at  Fort  Johnson  so  as  to  check  any  Federal  ad- 
vances on  the  City  of  Charleston.     General  Hunter, 


COMMISSARY 


Nl>   KITCHEN,  ON   THE   MARCH. 


REPULSE    OF    THE    CONFEDERATE   TROOPS    ON    JAMES    ISLAND,  S.  0.,   IN    T 

Khok  a  Ski 


to  r-on, n. ;'.!.<.  of  the  Department  of  the  Sontb,  wne 
■  mi-  ii  li'-i .  and  fully  agreed  to  the  plan.  The  troops 
wore  transported  from  Port  Royal,  up  the  Stono 
River,  under  protection  of  the  Federal  gunboats. 
and  wore  formal  in  two  camps,  on  the  ahorea  of 
Jauittt  lelana.  about  two  mileB  apart,  and  reapeot- 


ively  commanded  by  nonerals  Stevens  and  Wright,  the  Federal  troops  captured  a  battory  of  four  gnns,  drhi 

The  Confederate  forco  undor  Colonel  Lamar  hold  thu  Confederates  from  their  position, 
possession  of  a  powerful  earthwork  aliout  two  miles        On    the   10th,   a    rcconnoissanco    in    forco   waa  mado 

from  the  Federal  camps.     The  first  collision  took  tho  Federals,  in   order   to   advaneo    their  picket  linos  a 

place  June  4th,  when  the  Federals  were  surprised  capture  an  earthwork  at  Secessionvillo,  which  was  provi 

and  twenty  mou  captured.     Later  on  the  same  day,  troublesome,  us  ahella  were  easily  thrown  into  their  can 


BATTLK    OF    SECESSIONTOUA    JAAL¥&    U&AttD,  &  C-  BAYONET-CHARGE    OF   THE    FEDERAL 

Faou  a  Bseti 


REPULSE    OK    TUB    OOOTEDKRATB   TROOPS    ON    JAMES    ISLAM,   S.  0.,   IN   Tini  ATTEMPT   TO    OAPTUIU!   TUB    PICKETS    OF    GENERAL   WRIOHTO    DIVISION 


In  nonimuriii  "I  (bo  I  )w  part  intuit  of  tho  flonth,  tma 
conwiHiMl,  nnil  fnllj  BgttMd  to  Iho  phn,  Tho  troops 
Wuro  tmn  spurted  fnun  Port  lloynl,  lip  tbo  SU>nn 
liivor,  iiiiilir  proloaUon  of  tho  Kodcnil  [piiitfoiitri, 
nnil  worn  fiirinril  in  two  Pniri|iti,  on  (hg  nhores  of 
Jnuiu  lulnii'i.  ibout  two  milca  apart,  and  roopuot- 


ffwl  on  Inn  Omfi-d 


BATTLE    OF   SKCTIPSIONTILUS.   JASliS    LWxAMB,  8. C._  BAYONET- OHABGE    OK  THE    PEDEHAL  TB  JPB,  UNDEB    OESEKAL  STEVENS,  UP0>    THE    OOWFEDBRATB    BATTERIES,  JUNE    18th.  WW. 


336 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    Cfr/L     WAR. 


THE     SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


(8th  Ordered  General  Ste- 
vens, with  abont  4,000  men, 
to  make  the  attack  before 
daybreak,  while  General 
Wright  an*]  Colonel  "Wil- 
liams, with  8,000  men, 
were  to  come  Dp  to  the  left^ 
to  protect  and  finpport. 

By  some  minnnderetand 
ing  the  movement  was  de- 
layed, and  tbo  troops  made 
a  rush  npon  the  fort  in 
brood  daylight,  and  were 
mot  by  grape  and  canister, 
which  scattered  the  assault- 
ing party  anil  drovo  off  ull 
the  regiments  except  (bo 
Eighth  Michigan  and  Seven- 
ty-ninth  New  York,  who 
succeeded  in  reaching  the 
front,  and,  mounting  tlie 
parapet,  drove  the  gunners 
from  tlieirguniint  the  point 
of  tho  bayonet  Here  Lieu- 
tenant-colonel Morrison,  of 
the  (Highlanders),  particu- 
larly distinguished  himself 
by  leading  his  men  inside 
tho,  fort;  but,  failing  of 
support,  was  obliged  to  fall 
back.  An  officer  of  Ins 
regiment,  speaking  of  his 
prowess  on  this  occasion, 
says,  "It  carried  mo  back  to  tho  day 
Agin  court." 

Meanwhile  Colonel  "Williams,  who  had 
beon  ordered  to  reinforce  General  Stevens, 
lost  his  way  in  the  woods,  and  his  men  were 
exposed  to  a  severe  cross-fire,  in  which  they 
lost  Bovorely.  The  Third  New  Ifniniwliiru 
and  Tlnrd  Rhode  Island  Regiments  drove 
tbo  Confederates  ut  the  point  of  the  bayunot, 
and  thus  saved  the  entire  force  from  capture. 
Tbo  guns  of  tho  Tower  fort  were  silenced 
by  these  bold  assaults,  and  a  prompt 
forcemeat  of  a  few  hundred  mon  would 
have  captured  the  earthworks. 

Before  the  assaulting  party  could  reor- 
ganize, the  earthworks  were  reinforced  by 
two  regiments  of  infantry  from  Fort  Jack- 
son. Thai  fort  also  began  shelling  the  be- 
eicgtr.*,  who  could  not  ho  aided  by  tho  gun- 
boats, owing  to  their  too  great  distance  from 
the  field;  and  the  Federals  had  finally  to 
retire,  after  having  sustained  a  loss  of  over 
700  killed  and  wounded,  as  against  but  ouo- 
tliijii  that  number  lost  on  tho  side  of  the 
Confederates,  It  was  wisely  concluded  to 
withdraw,  as  it  was  afterward  shown  it 
would  have  required  a  much  larger  force  to 


HEROIC   CONDUCT   OF  LIEUTENANT-COLONEL   MORRISON,  SEVENTY  -  NINTH   NEW  YORK. 
(HIGHLANDERS),  ON  _1'UE    PARAPET   OF  THE   TOWER   BATTEBV,  JAMES   ISLAND. 

Of 


ssfully  . 
armed  garrison  thon 
at  tho  fort,  protected 
as  it  was  by  heavy 
abatis  behinu  a  ditcb 
filled  with  seven 
feet  of  water,  and 
a  parapet  fully 
sovon  feot  in  height, 
For  a  time  all  fur- 
ther attempts  to 
move  upon  Charles 
-,on  wero  abandoned. 

H.  W.  BENHAJIL 

BoitS"  InConnerlicut; 

intorcd      the     Uuited 

Stii  I  id  Military  Ara- 
ileit-y  nt  West  Point, 
Jury  1st,  1S"  mid 
gnuhiu1i.il,  first  iu  his 
class,  exactly  four  year* 
tutor.   Entered  tl 


Mid  lieu- 
t  la  the  Corps  oE 
Engineers,  and  was 
promoted  to  bo  a  Orw 
lieutenant  oa  the  7tb 
.if  July,  18S9.  Prom 
ie39tol&H,  he  served 
ns  supo  rial  ending  en- 
gineer of  tho  repnlra  of 
Fort  Mnrion  nod  of  the 
"u-wall  at  St-  Ausor 


the   Lirge  and    well 


3i*.  fla.  In  t*"  and  18M  ha 
was  engaged  on  tho  repalra  at 
the  defeated  of  Anna-olis  Hi^ 
lor,  and  in  11M5  tcurned  io 
the  "ork  on  tho  tea-wall  at 
Pi.  Augustine,  where  ho  re- 
mained till  1B".  During  ■ 
part  o(  IS45.  however,  he  was 
engaged  on  rrpain  u  Fort 
JHluin.  Ph.,  and  nl  Fori 
UcHenty,  Md..  rm.i  i  In  ring  pan* 
of  IStfl  and  1847  tie  worked  on 
Ibe  repairs  of  Forts  Madiaon  and 
Washington,  Md.  In  1W7  nad 
and  1!*IS  ho  fought  in  ilio  war 
with  Mexico,  Ho  wits  cngngrd 
in  tbc  Initio  of  BtH'oa  Vista, 
February  SSd  und  S8d,  18-10. 
ami  nn  February  2a!  ",*.  br,- 
voted  captain  fur  snUanl  one1 
merilorlooi  na-vlcea  in  thpl 
buttle.  In  ISMS  anil  llMO  he 
Wns  en  gaged  ns  usdslont  CD 
gioeet  iu  tho  repairs  of  tho  do. 
forum  of  the  barbor   of  Now 

York,  und  oti  Mny  2-llh,  18-IS. 
was  promoted  to  iltu  rank  of 
captain  in  tho  Engineer  Corp*. 
From  10-lil  lu  1853  lie  in  1.0  iu 
so  no riti I eu ding   engineer  of  tho 

'  ■  '  ■■'   "( ■■■.  ill  fur 

Hie  protection  of  Great  Brcw- 
ilec  Island,  Beaton  Harbor.    In 
18.12  iio  tm[H-riuii'iidoi1  llm  build- 
lag  of  tho  Iltilfiilo  Lighthouse, 
nud   in  ptirt  of  tbo  sumo   year 
nod  piu-  of  1853,  a upcrtn tended 
tho   construction   of   tbo   Nuvy 
Yard  of  Washington. 
In  1853  Cnp  in  I  a  Ilenliiiin  was  assLslunt  In  charge 
of  tho  United  Btalca  Coast  Survey  Offleo  nt  Wwh. 
'ngion.  und  was  In  Europe  on  duly  coaaccted  ihoro- 
*1th  fro-n  March  20th  to  November  1st.    Hu  Was 
pro  mo  led  to  tho  rank  of  major  In   tho  Ninth   In- 
fantry, March  3d,  1SSS,  but  declined     In  IMA  ana' 
1S57  ho  win  superintending  engineer  of  tbo  building 
of  Forts  Wtolhrop  und   Independence,  Brwion  Har- 
bor.    In   1858  bo  supc/iuliiidcd   llio   survey  of  the 
site  for  a  fort  nt  Clark's  Pobt,  New  Bedford,  and 
tiir,  repairi  of  Fort  Adams,  Newport,  It.  I.,  In  1857 
and  1858.     Ho  bud  charge  of  the  baUdit.;;  of  tho 
fort  nt  Sandy  Hook,  N.  J.,  from  1853  to  1801,  and 
of    I  he  Potomac   Aqueduct    in    1300.     Ho  was   n 
of  tlie  n|H-eint  liuiiril  of  engineers  for  mollify- 
ing Hi"  Sandy  Hook  roil  la  1800,  nnd  was  engineer 

nf  tin'  Quarantine  Commissioner,)  of  thb  port  In 
JS30  and  1800. 

Iio  served   throughout   [ho  Civil  Wnr,  and  as  u 
mwr.Xr  of    tbo   stall  of  Brigadier -general  T.  A. 

Morris,  was  prison!  nt  Laurel  lliil,  July  Olb  In 
111b.  1R01.  Ho  una  breveted  colonel  fur  gallant 
Conduct   nt   the  battle,  nf  Cnrrlok's  Ford,  Vu.,  July 

llith,  1S01,  and  was  in  command  of  ibe  cngnged 
troops  on  Hint  day.  On  August  Olb,  1801,  lie 
became  nmajor  in  the  Carps  of  Engineers,  nnd  va 
August  13lh  was  made  a  Lrigadlcr-genend  in  Uiu 
Voluutcora.  He  commun.tid  his  brigade  at  New 
Creek,  August  10th,  1801,  and  wan  cngagod  In  tin 
Cornifcjt  Ferry,  September  10th,  and  ih 
pursuit  of  the  Confederntc  forces  from  Cotton  Hill 
to  Itnleigh  County,  Vn"  November  ISth  to  16th, 
voly  engaged  us  super- 


intend 


■ngincer   of 


rated    him    from 


the    Art 


of    tho 


SHABPSHOOTERS   KhuM    1HL   t' 
Flan  i  SEinaj  3 


a.    UlllVINU.   UX   A    BATONET-CUiKOE,   TH> 

;  jA^Kd  IurJJnj,  JUNE  larn,  1S63 


nuied  becoming  vacant 
by  thodcath*of  Brign- 
dicr-gc  n  era  1  Wood  bury. 

00  tbo  3d   of  3Inrch, 

1  afla,  on  the  conaolida- 


33* 


THE    SOLDIER    iff    OUR    CIVIL     IV A R. 


i 


THU     SOLDIER     IN    OUR     CIVIL     IV Ah. 


Wrps  et  Iho  Ri'tpHnr  Army  of  IhL-  (Toiled  Stalf,  Major 
fro  bum  vim  promoted  to  the  rank  of  lieatcnant-colotaJ 
of  Engineers,  which  position  he  fiiit"rqacntly  held  in  tho 
Bcgular  Armr- 

mm  April  LtBb  to  Mny  0(h,  1863,  he  vim  engngW  tn 
inTerfnl*3iiJlni(  tlio  Ihrowlnjr  of  ponton-bridgra  neroai  Iho 
ftnr.^nhminock  for  Iho  piuwige  and  retreat  of  the  unny  nt 
ChnnccHonivllIe.  Daring  thb  lime  be  was  mode  lieutenant- 
rolonel  of  tlii!  Corps  of  EDfrlnceni.  Hewn*  engaged  In  traSd- 
Inp  ponion"  hi  Fniiiklln'i  Creating  In  the  fn.-e  of  (he  enemy. 
June  Stb,  1868 ;  on  Ho  Potomac,  nt  Edwards's  Ferry,  Jnno 
2lM :  wn*  In  command  of  Iho  ponton  depot  nt  Washington 
from  July,  1863,  lo  May,  160-1 ;  nnd  was  in  eommnnd  of  Hip 
Engineer  Brigade  from  June;,  186-1,  lo  June  I/ilh,  IMS,  being 
cnjmged  In  superintending  tlio  laying  of  a  ponton-bridge 
B.200  feet  long  acrnag  the  James  River  nt  Fort  Powhatan, 
Jane  IDUl,  1B6L  no  constructed  nnd  iommnml.il  the  de- 
fenses lit  Clly  Poln.,   7a.,  In   r>.-M"r,  luftl,  nnd  on  March 

1.1th,  iBflfi,  was  bnwstao1  briaaiHoiNgonorfl]  for  gallant  ser- 
vices In  the  campaign  i.rmln.tiri_-"iili  Ihu  surrender  of  Lcc. 
On  Iho  sama  doll  fa  m  promote  lo  tho  rank  of  major, 
irenunil  Of  lbs  United  Slates  Army,  Flo  was  mustered  out 
of  Iho  Volunteer  lerrieo  on  January  15lh,  IHflfl, 

On  March  7lli,  1KU7.  he  was  made  a  colonel  in  tho  Corps 
of  Engineers,  and  wm  engaged  on  works  nt  Plymouth, 
Snlcin,  Mnrhleimid,  Gl.iurcHler,  anil  Boston.  Prom  Oelolier 
aath,  1809,  till  July  80th,  IK77.  he  was  cngagm!  on  works  on 
I-ontr  Island  Dead,  Subsequent  to  1H77,  lie  was  for  several 
year*  In  chary.,  of  some  of  iho  defenses  of  New  York 
Harbor.  In  October,  l"77.  bo  became  a  member  of  llic 
l-orinl  for  Iho  cuimln  ill  .n  ..f  BngluMTg  for  promotion.  Ho 
rellnd  Irooi  oclKe  nrvfeo  In  ISO,  nnd  died  in  New  York 
Clly  on  Iho  1st  of  Jon.-,  I-W)  0CM  rd  Renlnim  was  iho  in. 
vintor  of  n  melliod  of  liiyinir  ponl- abridges  by  ibliulUnecuu 
luys,  und  of  a  picket- shovel  for  Infantry  on  lioslija  marches. 


THE  FIRST  RATTLES  BEFORE  RICHMOND. 
Whilk  tho  opposing  armies  stood  confronting 

ouo  ariolhoi  along  llio  Chickulmmiiiy  River,  there 
occurred  a  number  of  skirmishes,  but  nono  that 
proved  of  moment  exeopt  when  reconnoissnnces 
woro  ordered  on  tho  23d  nnd  24th  of  Stay,  1862. 

On  tlio  first  date,  McOlellan  ordered  tho  troops 
tn  proceed  nbont  threo  miles  up  tlio  stream  to  ascer- 
tain whether  tlio  right  wing  could  cross  in  safety. 
An  tho  Sixth  Pennsylvania  Regiment,  which  was  in 
tho  advance,  came  near  Ellison's  Still,  they  saw  the 
now  bridge,  which  had  just  been  constructed,  and 
which  Bomo  Confederate  pickets  attempted  to  burn 
on  their  appioaoh,  This  was  prevented,  however, 
by  u  hold  dash  made  by  tho  Pen  nsyl  van  inns,  who 
took  possession  of  tho  bridge,  and  crossed  it  with 
Wheeler's.  Titball's  and  Robinson's  butteries. 

The  Federals  pushed  their  rcconnoissanco  up  p, 
hill  on  the  other  side,  without  meeting  any  oppo- 
sition, until  thoy  reached  its  summit,  when  they 
woro  fired  upon  with  artillery  by  Confederates 
hidden  in  the  wood.  Tho  Federal  batteries  re- 
sponded promptly,  and  an  exchange  of  artillery  lire 
continued  for  some  time  without  apparent  advov.- 
lago  on  either  sido,  until  (ho  Confederates  made 
*u  attempt  to  nut  flunk  tho  Federals.  In  this  they 
woro  defeated,  however,  und  the  Federals  encamped 
ou  tho  field  for  tho  night. 

Tho  Confederates  renewed  the  uttempt  on  tho 
following  morning,  when  thoy  opened  upon  tho 
Federals  from  n  four-gun  battery.  Davidson's  bri- 
gado  of  Franklin's  corps,  supported  by  Wheeler's 
puns,  wont  forward,  and  opened  upon  their  assail- 
ants, whoso  lino  was  soon  broken,  especially  when  a 
bnyonot-chargo  was  ordored.  Tho  Confederates 
abandoned  their  ground,  and  woro  pursued  a  short 
distance,  when  tho  Federals  wero  ordered  to  fall 
back  to  their  former  position. 

On  tho  *,imo  day.  ("J-lth),  n  reconnoissance  aflect- 
iug  tho  loft  wing  of  th*  unny  was  made 
in  the  direction  of  tho  Seven  Pines. 
General  Henry  M.  Nuglei:  was  placed  in  command 
of  tho  troops  selected  for  the  purpose,  and  soon 
anno  upon  a  body  of  C<  ifcdcmto  infantry  and 
cavalry,  supported  by  two  batteries  of  eight  guns, 
which  opened  firo  on  tho  advance.  The  engage- 
ment that  followed  was  a  lively  one,  and  gave  tho 
Eighth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  an  opportunity  to 
engage  tho  Confederate  horse,  which  they  succeeded 
in  routing  completely.  Tho  infantry,  likewise,  did 
tomo  aotivo  work,  but  the  largest  share  fell  to  tho 
artillery,  which  was  made  to  occupy  many  different 
positions  during  the  two  hours'  fight  that  followed, 
and  which  finally  secured  a  Federal  victory. 

The  Confederates  were,  compelled  to  retire  far 
into  \  dense  forest,  where  they  remained  concealed 
(or  ;t  while,  and  thence  retreated  toward  Ricnmond- 
Tlicy  were  pursued  unav^ilitudv  several  miles  in  the 
direction  of  the  railroad,  where  it  was  learned  that 


339 


34№ 


TUB    SOLJJIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


THE    SOLDIER     IN     OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


34' 


a  large  Cunfsrjerato 
force  wm  stationed, 
after  which  the  Fed- 
eral* returned  to  their 


,M"""i 


ROAD 


"  itiru.uosa 


F-arly  on  the  mora- 
inft  of  the  27th,  &a 
Fifth  Corps,  anJer  Fits 
John  Porter,  was  or- 
dered to  Hanover  Court 
House,  with  the  view 
of  clearing  tb™  country 
in  that  direction  of 
fJonfedorato  troops, 
'.hits  to  aid  tho  rapid 
advance  of  HoDowefl, 
with  -10,000  troops,  then 
at  Fredericksburg,  and 
ordered  to  join  General 
McOiftllun  und  to  form 
on  his  right 

On  Porter  was  also 
i'ii joined  the  duty  of 
destroying  the  railroad 
nriilges  across  the  l'a- 
uittiikey  and  other 
HiretimH  -  occasionally 
attempted  by  ccvulrj- 
nndor  Qonoral  Stono- 
mun - for  the  purpose* 
of  pro  renting  a  rapid 
reinforcement  nf  Rich- 
mond    by    Juokmiu,    then    in    Northern    Ylr^nia.     tor's   connected)  was  mndo  during  Porter's  expo- 

Tlio  sudden  und  rnpid  ndvnuco  of  Jnekson  npon  dition,  und  Porter  waa  ordered  to  destroy,  oa  fur  ua 
Iluuka  in  the  Valley  of  Virginia,  admirably  practicable,  all  h  ridges  over  the  streams  along  the 
planned  for  the  purpose  of  alarming  the  Adminis-  wagon  and  rail  roads  between  Richmond  and  Fred- 
trotion  for  'ho  wifely  of  Washington,  caused  tho  orickshurg.  This  was  largely  accomplished, 
ommtcrmn-.u'iug  of  tho  order  to  McDowell,  tho  Guncral  William  II.  Emory  waa  in  tho  advance, 
Bcmliiig  him  on  a  futile  pursuit  of  Jackeon,  and  tho  with  two  regiments  of  regular  cavalry  and  Bonson's 
destruction  of  MeClellan'a  plans,  based  on  tho  hope  liorso  battery,  and  these  were  closely  followed  by 
of  this  reinforcement,  deemed  by  him  bo  essential  Ihe  brigades  of  Generals  Daniel  Butterfiold,  John 
to  maintain  bis  then  position  along  the  C'hicka-  II.  Martiudale,  and  Colonel  McQuode,  who  had 
hominy,  and  for  a  successful  attack  on  Richmond,     with    thorn    Herdau's    Sharpshooters    and    Captain 

The  recall  of  McDowell  (whose  pickote  and  Per-    GrilUn'a  three  butteries. 


■ 


\rB5$NY  miajajai.  and  ml  la 


/"2£^^^0 


PLAN    OF  TEE    BATTLE    OF   IIANOVER    COOF.T    №OU=F,   V,V,   MAY   57th, 


They  pr-iooedeL 
thronn-  a  hoary  rain- 
storm, aJonft  tho  New 
Bridge  Mood,  and  over 
llio  Hanover  Tnrnpiko 
and  encountered  the 
Confederate  pickote  el 
McKinsoy'8  Croei 
Roads,  six  miles  from 
Hanover  Court  [louse. 
Tho  pickets  fell  back, 
und  at  noon  Emory  waa 
brought  to  a  halt  with- 
in two  miles  of  tho 
last-named  place  by  n 
lino  of  Confederates 
drawn  up  across  tho 
road. 

Active  skirmishing, 
in  which  Berdau's 
Sharpshooters  took  a 
leading  part,  began, 
and  was  continued 
ontil  General  Butter- 
field  could  bring  np 
his  Twelfth  and  Seven- 
teenth New  York, 
Sixteenth  Michigan, 
eud  Eighty-third  Penn- 
sylvania Itegimonts. 
Thon  a  chargo  was 
ordered,  and  tho  Con- 
federates wore  driven  back,  after  u  contest  of  over 
an  hour's  duration,  during  the  pursuit  following 
which  the  Seventeenth  New  York  captured  one  of 
the  Confederate  guns.  General  Martiudale  bad 
como  up  ir,  tho  meantime,  and  pushed  ou  to 
Pcako's  Station,  a  point  on  tho  Virginia  Central 
Railway,  then  held  by  a  Confederate  forco,  which 
ho  had  soon  driven  toward  Ashland. 

Upon  turning  in  the  direction  of  tho  Court 
House,  Martindale  was  attacked  by  fresh  troops. 
These  fell  npon  him  in  such  grcnl  manners  that  his 
centre  waa  finally  broken,  und  Uia  Hanks  were  buing 


J 


A  I  P 


GALLANT  CHARGE  OF  THE  SIXTH   UNITED   STATES   REGULAR  CAVALRY   UPON   THE  CONFEDERATE  CAVALRY   CNUER  GENERAL  J    Z.  B.  STUART 

MAY  (Hir,  1862. 

P"oa  •  st'"  ?•  e.  b.  Hill. 


hATTLE     OF    WHITE     OAK     SWAMP,    MONDAY,   JDmE    30th,    18E2  -  AYERS'S,    MOTT 


feATTLE    OF    WHITE    OAK    SWAMP,   MONDAY,  JDWE   30tu,   1683- AYEES'S,   MOTT'S   AND    RANDALL"1    BATTERIES    CHECKING    THE    PUBSOIT    OP    THX    f!ON  KEPE  i1aTK& 


344 


TUB    SOLDlr.R    IN    OUR     CIVJL     WAR. 


BEOHOITiyq   m   PHILADEI.PFTTA   FOR  THE    PAMOPB    BITOKTAJT,   REGIMENT. 


THE     SOLD/ER     IN     OUR     CIVIL      U'/IR. 


345 


,r^,  :r'"'-  .■- 


I  M+H-f- 


STiTE 

.MAIL    itr 

IT,    PROTECTED    UY   A 

GUNHOAT,   I',\ 

5SIN 

THE    COSt 

ON    ITS   IV A 

'   TO 

FORTH ESS 

FBOM 

SKITT 

■>  ni-J.lI.Sciua. 

ATTEI1Y    OFF    FOIir    I'OHTIATAN,  .TAJIKS    HIVEIi 


urionsly  threatened  by  Confederates  issuing  from 
both  aides  of  i  lit-  woods,  just  oa  Porter  sent  Captain 
Griffin's  battery  and  tlio  Tlurtccntli  aud  Fourteenth 
Now  York  Regiments  In  his  assistance.  Martin- 
ilalu  had  maintained  his  ground  ti^ninst  supe- 
rior mi  in  bora  Cur  nearly  an  hour.  At  the  Bnmo 
time,  General  Butterfiold  was  sent  with  his  Six- 
teenth Michigan  ami  Eighty-third  Pennsylvania 
llegimonta  In  tlio  support  of  the  Ninth  Massu- 
uhnsotts  ninl  the  Sixty-second  Pennsylvania  Regi- 
ments on  tlie  Confederate  left.  A  general  engage- 
ment followed,  and  continued  until  ovening,  when 
tlio  Confederates  under  General  Lawrence  O'B. 
Branch  look  to  the  woods,  and  left  their  camp  in 
tlie  Federals,  who  captured,  besides 
ms,  oiio  12-pound  howitzer,  two  rnil- 


way  trains,  and  730  prisoners.  Tlio  Federals  had 
during  the  day  lost  in  all  03  killed  and  32G 
wounded  and  missing. 

On  the  28th  and  20th  of  May,  Federal  recon- 
noissaucos  woro  continued  in  all  directions.  Cap- 
tain William  P.  Chambliss,  at  Hie  head  ot  . 


;M    - 


Fa,;-* 


Mfi 


BATTLE    OF    SLALVEKN    HILL,   NEAE    TURKEY    BEND,  JAMES    RIVER.   VA .   FOUGHT   W  SDAV,   JULY    1st,   186S-FMAL  REPULSE    OF    THE    CONFEDERAIKS.   5    O'CLOCK    P.  M. 


MS 


r/IE    SOLDJLR     IiV    "UK     ClilL      WAR 


THE     SOLDIER     rtf    OUR     r/r/f.      WAR. 


349 


FORT   RUILT   TO   PROTECT   THE   OFFICERS    QUARTERS   OF   THE   FIRST   MTNNPS0T.1    HBGHMBST,  COLODEL    SOLLY,  NEAR   FAIR   OAKS. 


lnd  guarded  tho  tumpiko  with  the  Nine'y-siYth 
Now  York  and  tho  Eighty-fifth,  the  Ono  Hundred 
and  First  unci  tho  Or.o  Hundred  and  Third  Penn- 
sylvania Regiments,  led  by  Colonels  J.  Fairrann, 
T.  IS.  H.  Howell,  S.  H.  Wilson,  and  M.  H.  Lohmun. 
Palmer's  brigade  was  just  in  advance  of  General 
Conch's  division,  belonging  also  to  Koycs'a  corps, 
which  Intter  stood  at  tho  Seven  Pines,  with  its 
oxtremo  right  at  Fair  Oaks  Station,  and  Hointral- 
miin'a  oorpa  ivoa  likowiso  stationed  --n  tho  left, 
covering  tlio  approaches  to  tho  Whito  Onk  Swamp. 
Johnston  decided  to  hei'vily  tittack  Koycs'a  corps 
in  its  advanced  position  before  reinforcements  could 
reach  it,  nnd  for  that  purpose  ho  sent  out.  on  Sa- 
turday, (ho  31st  of  May,  tho  entire  divisions  of  Gon- 
erala  James  Longstrcot,  Benjamin  linger,  D.  H. 
Hill,  and  G.  IV.  Smith.  Thoy  wore  to  move  at 
daybreak,  but  .in  unusually  heavy  rainstorm  having 
aot  in  during  tho  night,  Longstreot  was  not  in 
position  until  about  eight  o'clock,  llo  was  not, 
however,  willing  to  endanger  tho  possible  success 
of  a  combined  attack  before  Huger  could  join  him, 
,.nd  for  that  reason  ho  moved  down  tho  Williams- 
burg Road,  only  at  n  little  after  twelve  o'clock  in 
•ho  afternoon,  with  Hill's  division  in  the  advance. 


Goneral  Keyea  had  ordered  lua  troop*  under 
arms  ao  cloven  o'clock,  having  become  satiation1  that 
an  attack  was  contemplated,  aa  ono  of  Joans-ion's 
aide  had  been  captured  near  tho  Federal  lines,  and 
the  cara  wero  beard  running  in  and  out  o£  Rich- 
mond daring  almost  all  of  tho  previous  night. 

Aa  soon  as  tho  Confederates  wero  seen  advancing 
along  tho  Williamsburg  Road,  Casey  ordered  for- 
ward tlio  Ono  Hundred  and  Third  Pennsylvania 
Regiment  to  support  tho  pickets,  nnd  called  for  re- 
inforcements, no  then  posted  Spratt's  and  Regan's 
batteries  on  tho  right,  with  tho  Eleventh  Mnino, 
the  Ninety-second  and  Ono  Hundredth  Now  York, 
and  tho  Ono  Hundredth  and  Fourth  Pennsylvania 
Regiments,  who  met  tho  Confederates  when  tho 
latter  had  succeeded  in  forcing  back  tho  pickets 
and  tho  Pennsylvania  forco  sent  to  their  assistance. 

At  three  o'clock  tho  en^agurnerit  beestmo  goneral. 
A  furious  onslaught  was  being  made  by  General 
Hill's  forces  upon  tho  Federal  lotteries,  which  wore 
well  in  tho  front,  and  at  ono  time  the  guns  wero  in 
serious  danger.  Nagleo's  men  mado  a  bayonet* 
charge  to  rohevo  tho  pressure,  and  itrovo  buck  the 
Confederates  to  tho  woods  ;  but  ho  was  mot  there 
by  such  a  furious  tire  upon  his  flunk,  that  ho  bod  to 


retire  to  Fair  Oaka  Farm  with  tho  loss  of  one  of  his 
guns.  Ho  was  followed  hero  hy  u  forco  fully  three 
tiroes  greater  than  bis  own,  but  ho  nevertheless 
maintained  his  ground  until  almost  completely  sur- 
rounded by  tho  fresh  Confederate  treop3,  which 
wore  continually  arriving,  when  ho  was  ordered  to 
retire  in  front  of  Couch's  division. 

Tho  reinforcomonts  which  tho  Federals  had  asked 
from  Hointzohnan,  early  in  Ibo  action,  not  having 
by  this  timo  come  up,  Keyes  ordered  forward  to 
Casey's  assistance  tho  Seventh  .Massachusetts,  tho 
Fifty-fifth  and  Sixty-second  Now  York,  and  tho 
Twenty-third,  Sixty-first,  and  Niuolj'-third  Penn- 
sylvania Regiments.  All  of  these  wore,  howovcr, 
forced  buck,  by  tho  superior  numbers  against  them, 
to  tho  position  occupied  at  Fair  Oaks  Station  by 
General  John  'Joehrnno's  First  United  Statca  Chas- 
seurs and  tho  Thirty-first  Pennsylvania  Regiment. 
Hero  the  earthworks,  which  had  beon  constructed 
by  tho  Federals,  afforded  relief  to  the  hitter,  and 
from  thorn  thoy  woro  for  a  whilo  onabled  to  hold 
tho  Confederates  at  bay. 

The  Confederate  batteries  were,  however,  bo  well 
served  and  ao  strongly  supported,  that  tho  struggle 
proved  useless,  and  the  Federals  had  once  more  to 


MISJ>Kli.iTK   SBJBAI1 


C-MsALLS   S1A1IO-V,    VA,,    Bel  .1  cc.\    ->   .,,..   

STOAETS   CONFEDERATE  CAVALRY,   J(": 

llUBt  A  SUTcn  11T  WjL  WiEft 


BABBI30MVi    LANDIXG,    JAMES    JUVEE,   VA.,   TILE    MEW    OOMMISSABIAT    DEPOT    AND    BAoE    OF 


FT****^  ill 


=w- 


'BWiijSiSSKz  Oil   -1'ilai    (ViEIfi  liuUoji,    V 


UA]IHISUJT--    LAND1N0,   JAlILd    UlVElt,   VA.,   THE    JiEW    COMMIE 


EFTJllA*     MoOLELLAN,  OCCUPIED    BY    THE    FEDERAL  AHAIY,  TUESDAY,  JULY  tar,  1883. 


BUttftliiU   Ui"    I'Uji     Xlillii.   iiUUoii,    VA.- 


I  iiV  HoCUaLLAM,  AJJAMJUNLSU  i'HtUi  POSITION  ON  Tiliii  r'douJ^iillY  illVEJi- DEl*AJii:iiivE  Ui    THE  Ji'Ei/EJiAL.  fLiiril.l.A  VOK  THE  JAALES  liiVEit- 


35* 


THE     SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL      WAR 


F  QBNBRAL    llllTTIIKVI i:[.1l,   NEAR    HARBIBt 


FEDERAL   P1UKET-U0AT,  NEAR   FERNANDINA,  FLA.,  ATTACKED   BY   CON' FED  BR  ATE   SHARPSHOOTERS   STATIONED    IN   THE   TBBBB   ON   THE   BANK& 


FKDliK.-lL    TltuOi'3   MAUCiUNU    T&ROUUU    THE    tTMCPTfi   otf    KHBJNA-NDiMA.   7LA 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CIVIL     WAR 


353 


Tho  extreme  advance  lino  was  given  the  brigade 
of  General  William  II.  French,  who  had  also  with 
him  ono  of  General  O.  0.  Howard's  regiments,  tho 
remainder  of  Howard's  brigade  forming  a  second 
line,  and  General  Thomas  F.  Meagher's  brigado 
completing  a  third.  Tho  Confed orator,  under  Gen- 
erals George  E.  Pickott  and  Roger  A.  Pryor,  with 
eomo  of  ITugcr's  troops,  fell  upon  French's  brigade, 
and  were  met  by  a  brisk  fire,  especially  from  Cap- 
tain Hazards  10-ponuders ;  but  this  did  not  deter 
them,  nnd  they  were  moving  forward,  when  Howard 
went  to  French's  assistance,  in  which  ho  was  nftor- 
wjird aided  by  Meagber  and  a  |nirt  or  Hooker's  force. 

Tlio  Confederates,  who  hud  been  reinforced  by 
Mahoue's  troops,  fought  desperately,  nnd  subjected 
the  Federals  to  a  very  scvoro  fire,  in  which  Goooral 
Howard  lost  two  horses,  ami  whs  seriously  wounded 
in  tho  urm. 

Part  of  tho  Excelsior  Brigade,  under  General 
Daniel  E.  Sickles,  was  sent  to  Richardson's  assist- 
ance, and  with  this  reinforcement  on  tho  riglit,  tho 
Federals  assumed  the  offensive,  and  soou  compelled 
tho  Confederates  to  fall  kick.  At  about  tho  samu 
time  Hooker  camo  up  froin  the  left,  and  moved 
rapidly  upon  the  Confodenite  rear,  following  up 
tho  advance  with  a  bayonet-charge  along  tho  wliolo 
line,  which  ended  tho  battle,  as  tho  Confederates 
wore  immediately  after  in  retreat  toward  Rioh- 
mond.  They  had  failed  in  their  attempt,  and,  be- 
sides temporarily  losing  the  valuable  services  of 
their  ablest  general,  had  lost  altogether  4,233  moo, 
03  against  5,739  lost  on  the  side  of  tho  Federals. 

The  Confederate  wounded  included  Generals 
G.  W.  Smith  and  Pottigrew,  those  on  tlio  Fcdoral 
side  being   Goiiorals   Nuglco,  Howard,  Dovuns  and 


I.  ALIFUltMA    JOE,  THE    CELEUKATKD   SHAKHSHUOTEIi   OF    BEHDAN'S    KEUlStENT. 


iLbnridon    their    position    ami    retreat   toward    the 
Ohickahouiiny   Itiver. 

Anotlicr  lino  vvus  hurriedly  formed  by  Qonorii 
Couch,  and  by  the  time  General  Kearney  bad  come 
up,  leading  Kerry's  and  Jumuson's  brigades,  Loug- 
Btreet's  force  had  reached  the  front,  and  was  press- 
ing its  way  against  the  Federal  left  and  centre, 
where  the  fijbl  was  renewed  and  continued  for  over 
an  hour.      LongBtreol's  division  was  closely  followed 

by  that  of  General    li.  W.  Smith,  which  fell  upon    shell,  t!int  lio  had  to  bo  t"k< 
the    Federals  at   Fair  Oaks  Station,  whore  a  fierce    the  command  of  the  left  was  for  tli 


the  ('hickahoininy  by  tho  lowe 
vailed    of  the  upper  one,  which 


Hciutzolman  had  given  orders  to  pursue  tho 
retreating  Confederates;  but  Kearney  bud  dis- 
suaded him  from  carrying  out  his  plans,  iu  tho 
anticipation  that  MeClcllan  would  soon  order  a 
gonoral  advance.  Hooker  had  afterward  pushed 
a  rcconnoissance  up  to  within  four  miles  of  Rich- 
mond, but  without  achieving  any  important  results, 
iddy  condition  of  the  country  not  permitting 


conflict  raged  until  five  o'clock.  Then  Kearney  General  G  W.  Smith, 
was  forced  hack  toward  the  White  Oak  Swamp,  and  On  Sunday,  the  1st  of  Jnuo,  tho  conflict  was 
tho  Confederates  established  themselves  between  _  renewed  at  seven  o'clock  by  tho  Con- 
Couch  and  Hointzolmnn,  threatening  to  engulf  tlio  ""  federates,  who  fell  upon  Richardson's 
entire  Federal  advance.  division,  occupying  the  centre.  Tho  latter  was 
Just   then,  however.  General    Sumner,  who   had  assailed  successively  at  different  points;  but  Hoi nt- 


been  able  to 
bridge.     It   I 

Sedgwick   had  already  used,   and   had  lost  no  timo  artillery  to  folic 

in    reaching   tho   battle  ground,  too  Into,  howover,  Nor  did  anything  of  moment  occur  in  the  imnic- 

to  he  of  any  good.     It  was  then  posted  on    Scdg-  diato   vicinity   until  the    13th   of  Juno,  when,  with 

wick's  left.  detachments  of  the  First,  Fourth  and  Ninth  Vir- 

Previons  to  tho  final  repulse  of  tho  Confederates,  giniu   Cavalry,  tho  squadron    of    the    Jeff.     Davis 

their  commander.  General  Joseph  E.  Johnston,  had  Legion,  and  four  pieces  of  horse  artillery,  tho'Con- 

beeu  so  severely  wounded  by   tho   fragments  of  a  federate  General  James  E.  H.  Stuart  commenced  a 

i  the  fiold,  and  raid  which  covorcd  most  of  the  territory  around  tho 

nonce  taken  by  Army  of  the  Potomac, 


meanwhile      completed     two     bridges     across 
heavily   swollen    river,  and    hurried  forward  at  th 
sound  of  battle,  appeared  with  Sedgwick's  troops  i 
tho    advance-     Assuming   the  com- 
mand, he    formed    a  line  along  tlio 
edge  ..f    a   wood    near     Fair    Oaks 
Stati and   awaiting   tho    Confed- 
erates,   ho    hurled    u\  on    them  tho 
coneont  rated     tire  of   all    his  guns, 
following   it  with  an  advance  along 
the  whole  line,     lie  soon  recovered 
almost  all    the  ground   Conuli  had  '-. 

lost,  and  was  still  forging  ahead, 
when  a  large  Confederate  force  ap  ^^ 

1 1  en  rod  at  the  front,  and  began  a 
fierce  attack  with  the  view  .,[ 
capturing  tho  batteries  Sumner  lind 
posted  there. 

The  Federal  line  wavered,  but 
for  a  few  moments  only.  Summ >r 
quickly  brought  ap  the  Seventh 
Michigan,       the  Fifteenth      and 

Twentieth  Mnssaolin setts,  and  the 
Thirty-Fourth  and  Eighty-second 
Now  York  Regiments,  and  or- 
dered a  bayonet  charge,  which  was 
so  admirably  executed,  that  the 
Con  fed  orates  nvru  broken  up  and 
forced  back  into  tho  woods.  At 
eight  o'clock  all  firing  ceased. 

Richardson's  brigade  came  up  in 
tho  evening,  part  of  it  only   having 


adman,  who  had  been  giveu  chief  command,  had  so 
well  disposed  the  artillery,  that  tho  Confederates 
were  everywhoro  repulsed. 


During  tho  progress  of  this  daring  expedition, 
Stuart  oncountercd  and  successfully  engaged  two 
squadrons  of  the  Fifth  United  States  Cavalry  at 
Hanover  Old  Church  ;  burned  fourteen  wagons  and 
two  schooners,  loaded  with  forage,  at  Garlick's 
Landing,  on  the  Parnnnkey  River  ;  and  captured  1G5 
prisoners,  as  well  as  SCO  horses  and  mules,  which  ho 
brought  into  Richmond.  All  this  was  effected  with 
the  loss  of  only  one  man  on  the  Confederate  side. 


EXPLOSION  OF  A  CONFEDERATE   MAGAZINE    NEAR   FRF.nERIfKSBURG,  VA..  CAUSED  BY   A  TORPEDO. 
HAY   BWH,   1863. 


COMMISSAIUAT  DEPOT  OF  TILE   UNITED  STA' 

Fiioa  a 


VALLEY  OF  THE    CUICKALIUJIINY,   LOOKING  SOUTHEAST   FROJI   MECIIANICSVILLE,  SCENE 

FBoa  * 


COMMISSARIAT  DEPOT  OF  THE   UNITED  STATES  ARMY  OF  THE  RAPPAHANNOCK,   AT   MANASSAS,  VA 

Fnoa  .1  Seeko  1 1  Eoww  Forbes 


VALLEY   OF  THE   CHICKAilUMlNY,  LOOKING   SOUTHEAST   FROM  MECUANICSVILLE,  SCENE  Of 


tHU  SIX   BATTLES  BETWEEN  McCLELLAN  AND  LEE,  JACKSON,   MAGRUDEIi,   LONOSTREET,  ETC 


356 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


PKB8II>ENT   LINCOLN.  WITH   GENEUAL   JIoOLEIitAN,  REVIEWING    Tilt;   TBOOP8  AT  HABBISOM  3   LANDING,  JULY  8rn.  1BU1 


,miM 


Mm 


*w 


v833' 


s^j 


SOLDIEItS   IN   CAMF   VISITING   THE  SUTLER'S  STOKE, 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CIVIL    WAR. 


357 


On    the    25th    of    .fane,   "Stonewnll"   Jackson  pulsed,   and  at  nine  o'clock    in 

brought  from  tho  Shenandoah  Valley  into  Ashland  tlic     evening     what     has     been 

hia  arm  J  of  about  35,000  mon  ;  and  on  thi  $amc  day  culled    the  battle    of  Meebanics- 

afcClotlan  ordered  Gonornl  llcintzel  man's  corps  to  ville,   or  Bearer    Dam,  came    to 

proceed ,  with  part  o(  KcycH's  arid  Sumner's  troops,  an  end.     The   Confederates'  loss 

on  a  rceonnniBaaiiee  along  the  Williamsburg  Bond,  in  killed  anil  wounded,  was  near 

They    encountered    the  enemy  at  Oak   Grove,  or  4,000 ;   that  of  the  Federals,  52. 

King'-  School  house  ;  and  after  a  desultory  fight,  in  Genera!    Fitz  John    Porter,  who 

which  there  worn  many  casualties  on  both  sides,  but  was    in    chief    command   of  the 

mainly    in     Booker's    and     Kearney's    ranks,  they  Federals,  was  present  during  the 

returned  to  their  former  position.  entire    engagement,    giving    bis 

The     approach     of    Jack  BOO,  and    an    intended  attention     to    nil    ports    of   the 

attack   by   General  Lee  upon  Porter'  troops  north  field,  while    olcCall   and    Morell 

■if  tin?    Oliickahominy,  were  known  to  Porter  who  specially  managed   their  respect- 

niiiile,  as  early  a"  tllO  84 til,  the   necessary   prcparn-  ive  division 9- 

linns  to  receive  him  warmly  by  placing,  intrenched  After     the    battle,    McClellan 

utid    concealed    on    the    high    ground   jnst  east    of  learned  that  Jackson  had  passed 
Heaver  Dam  Creek,  Ileynold's  ami    Seymour's  bri- 
gades, of   McCall's    Pennsylvania    Reserves,  of   the 
Fifth  Corp*,  with  itrn pie  artillery,  under  the  immedi- 
ate command  of  General  Reynolds,  and  withdrc 
from   Meelinnicsville  nil  bat  a  few  pickets  and  sii 

iris,  who  were  In  give  warning  of  Lee's  approach, 


I'd    to  retire  at  onto  behind    Reynolds  at  Beaver    White      Houi 


Beaver     Dam 

that  Lee,  who  was  in  chief  com- 
mand, and  directing  the  oper 
at  ion  a  of  the  Confederates  since 
intended  to  cut  off  tie 
Federals   from    their   base  at  the 


Dam.     He  also  arranged  with  Go 
Morel)  to  promptly  move  their 


arals  Met 'nil  and    bent    to   be 
s  to  specified    with    hie 


i'  of  Reynolds  on  the 


He     concluded 
pand    to   retieat 
pplies     toward     the 


James  lliver,  depending  on    thy 
day'a  contest. 

Colonel  Ruins  Ingalls,  the 
assistant  <]uurtci  muster-general, 
waa  ordered  to  move  the  stout 
and  ammunition  to  Savage's  Sta- 


positions  to  the  right  and 
first  sound  of  battle, 
tin  Thursday,  the  20th,  the  Confederates  began 

June,  IMS.      ""  advflnt!0  UB"i|1Bt  the  Federal   lines. 

The  attack,  which  was  to    have  taken 

place   early   in   the    morning,  did    not  occur  until 

three  o'eloek,  when  General  Ambrose  1'.  Hill  lion,  where  ho  alto  sent  all  the 
crossed  the  Oliickahominy,  at  Meadow  Bridge,  just  wounded,  and,  by  daylight  of 
above  Mcuhanicsville.  Meeting  but  little  oppo-  tho  27th,  the  troops,  and  nearly 
Bit  ion  from  the  few  forces  retiring  from  Mechanics-  all  of  tho  heavy  guns  and  wag- 
villo.  Hill  pushed  on  to  Reaver  Dam  Creek,  even  ons,  had  crossed  the  New  Bridge, 
io  descending  into  the  valley  with  large  forces,  un-  and  wore  just  east  of  Gaines's 
suspicious  that  some  5,000  men  and  batteries  were  Mills,  between  Nuw  Cool  Arbor 
on  tho  heights  overlooking  the  creek,  anxiously  (or  Cold  Ihnbor)  and  the  Chioka- 
wailing  his  coming  within  easy  range  of  musketry  hominy  River.  There  tho  Fifth  Corps  awaited 
to  givo   him   a    warm   welcome.     Suddenly,    when    atlack. 

much  exposed  to  the  Federal  fire,  infantry  and  The  Federals  were  drawn  up  in  a  semicircular 
artillery  opened  upon  his  closed  and  unprepared  lino,  covering  the  approach  to  tho  bri  Iges  by  wh  eh 
ranks,  mowing  the  troops  town  by  hundreds.  The  the  troops  were  to  cross  the  Cliickahominy.  Tho 
Confederates,  however,  pushed  on  to  the  crock,  extreme  loft  was  occupied  by  Sloroll's  division, 
over  which  very  few  effected  a  crossing,  and  from  which  stood  in  advance  of  McCall's  troops,  while 
which  those  who  woro  able  rpiiekly  retired  in  eon-  on  the  right,  along  a  deep  ravine,  stood  Sykes's 
fusion.  division  of  Regulars  and  Duryeo's  Zouaves.     Robert- 

Tho  Confederates  then  directed  their  attention  son's  battory  was  stationed  on  Morcll's  left,  Gritlin's 
to  tiie  right  and  left  of  the  line,  but  they  were  battery  on  his  right,  and  Tid ball's  battery,  not  far 
mot  by  as  warm  a  reception  by  Griffin's  brigade  from  Seymour's  brigade,  in  the  rear, 
of  Morcll'a  division,  posted  on  the  right,  nnd  somo  The  detachments  of  the  First  and  Fifth  Regular 
of  McCall's,  on  tho  left.  They  were  badly  re-  and  of  tho  Sixth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  under  Gen- 
eral Philip  St.  GoorgcCroske,  were 
stntionod  on  tho  low  lands  of  the 
valley  of  the  Cliickahominy,  a  little 
ahead  of  Alexander's  Bridge. 

At  about  two  o'clock  in  the 
afternoon,  tho  Confederate  ad- 
vance, under  Ambrose  P.  Hill, 
opened  upon  Sykes's  division  with 
heavy  artillery,  but  in  a  little  out  4"0,  which  proved 
to  be  but  half  that  .sustained  by  tho 
Federals. 

Not  long  after  the  termination  of 
the  battle  of  Sawige's  Station,  tho 
Fodera-3  continued  on  their  retreat, 
and  by  eight  o'clock  on  the  morning 
of  the  30th  they  hud  crossed  White 
Oak  Swamp  and  Cieek, 

j™,  wa.      [Jter      dea,r0yjng      trj0 

bridge  over  tho  latter  and  warding 
off  tho  repeated  attacks  to  which 
they  were  subjected  throughout  the 
night, 

Jackson,  who  had,  on  tho  pieviou! 
day.  been  delayed  by  tho  necessary 
rebuilding  of  tho  Grapevine  Bridge, 
reached  Savage's  Station  early  on  the 
30th,  and  thero  found  a  large  amount 
of  property  which  the  Federals  had 
bad  un  time  to  destroy,  as  woll  as 
Cully  2,500  Federal  sick  and  wounded, 
which  they  had  likewise  been  unable 
to  remove 

Jackson  had  orders  to  pursue  the 
Federals,  which  he  did,  in  company 
with  tho  forces  of  Longstreot  and 
A.  P.  II'll,  following  directly  in  their 
track,  while  a  second  column,  under 
Generals  Magruder  and  Huger,  pro- 
ceeded to  tho  right,  along  tho 
Charles  City  Road,  for  the  purpose 
of  falling  npon  tho  flank  of  the  re- 
treating army. 

After  crossing  Whito  Oak  Greek, 
tho  Federals  had  quickly  formed  a 
new  line  of  battle,  at  Willis  Church,  Genera1  Han- 
cock's forces  being  or.  tho  extromo  right,  while 
Portort  occupied  tho  left,  and  H cm tzot man's  and 
Sumner's  tho  intervening  space.  Jackson's  ad- 
vanco  wus  checked  by  the  destruction  of  tho  bridge, 
and  when  he  reached  tho  creek,  at  about  noon,  ho 
found  tho  approaches  well  defended  by  urtillory, 
under  the  supervision  of  Captain  Romeyn  B. 
Ayres- 

Jackson  opened  upon  Hancock's  troops,  and 
made  repeated  efforts  to  rebuild  the  bridge-  under 
cover  of  hia  heavy  ar- 
tillery ;  but  ho  was  every 
time  repulsed.  At  length 
ho  mado  a  bold  effort  to 
cross  tho  stream,  but  in 
this  ho  failed  likewise,  for 
the  brisk  tiro  directed  upon 
him,  notably  by  Smith's 
infantry  and  the  Federal 
batteries,  almost  totally 
prevented  tho  crossing,  as 
well  as  any  perm  anon  t 
landing  on  the  opposite 
side. 

While   this    was    going 
on,  Longstreot   and  A.  P. 
Hill    had    come    upon    a 
Federal  force  posted  some 
two  miles  away,  at  a  place 
variously  called  Frozier's, 
I  "-1        Gtcndale's      or      Nelson's 
Farm.  Here  stood  Sumner 
aud   Hooker    on    tho    cx- 
1       trcme  right,  McCall  some- 
what  in   advance    toward 
tho  centre,  and   Kearney 
on  the  extreme  left.    When 
H  ,       Longstreot   (who   was  ac- 
companied   by    President 
Davis   and  General    Leo) 
fonnd   this  force   arrayed 
%  aguinst  him,  he  waited  for 

reinforcements  to  como 
up,  and  it  was  close  upon 
four  o'clock  when  he  com- 
menced the  attack. 

McCall's  left  was  first 
assailed  by  Kemper's  bri- 
gade, which  was  met  by 
the  Pennsylvania  Reserves 
under  Colonel  S.  G.  Sim- 
mons, who,  after  a  hitter 
conflict,  drove   the  Con- 


WTLL1A1I    B    FRANKLIN. 

federates  into  the  woods,  with  a  loss  of  some  2G0 
killed  and  wounded,  and  about  2Mte  Oak  Swamp,  tho  Federal  loss 
was  about  1,800  killed  and  wounded,  whilst  that  of 
tho  Confederates  was  somewhat  over  2,000.  Col 
onel  Simmona  and  Goceral  Meado  were  botL 
severely  wounded,  while  General  G.  A.  McCall  was 
made  a  p:isonor,  and  retained  es  such  until  ex- 
changed the  following  August. 

During  tho  ensuing  night,  tho  ?ederals  moved 
on  to  Malvern  Hill,  where  they  formed  in  battle 
order  upon  tho  crest  of  an  elevated  plateau,  admi- 
rably located  to  resist  the  attack  which  could  not 
but  follow  on  the  part  of  the  Confederates.  &ykes"s 
and  Moroll's  troops  occupied  the  extreme  left', 
next  came  Conch's  division,  then  the  forces  of 
Kearney,  Hooker,  Sedgwick,  Hich"dfloa,  Smith, 
Slocum  and  Casey,  in  the  order  named.  Tha 
whole  formed  almost  a  semicircle,  and  bolfc 
flanks,  resting  npon  the  James  River,  were  pro- 
tected by  the  gunboats-      There  were  eight  siege 


BATTLE   OF  SAVAGE'S  STATION.- GEiVERAL  SMITH'S   DIVISION,   OF   FRANKLIN'S   COI 

Fnoii  \  Kki 


BATTLE  OF  SLAUGHTER'S  MOUNTAIN,   SATURDAY,  AUGUST  9m,   1862. -FEDERAL    ARMY 

Faou  A  SKEI 


BATTLE  OF  SAVAGE'S  STATION.- GENERAL  SMITH'S  DIVISION,  OF  FRANKLIN'S  CORPS,    BJiGA3ING  THE  CONFEDERATE  FORCES  UNDER  EWELL,   AT  NOON,  JUNE  3STI1,    IS0". 


BATTLE  OF  SLAUGHTER'S  MOUN' 


TALV,   SATURDAY,  AUGUST  9™,  X802.-FEDERAL    ARMY  COMMANDED  BY  GEhERAL  BANKS,   CONFEDERATES  UNDER  JACKSON,   EWELL  AND  WINDER 

i'noil  4  Sketch  ev  Elh  m  Poshes. 


3H 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAK. 


THE   SOLDIER    IN    OUR    CIVIL     WAR. 


365 


("ii j.',  0  r^i;  ion  npon  the  plateau,  and  the  reet  of 
the  artillery  was  bo  prated  along  the  hill  that  ft 
concentrated  fire  of  some  sixty  cannon  conld  be 
directed  either  in  the  immediate   front  or  npoi) 
the  left. 
At  nine  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  July  1st  the 
Confederates  had   formed  a  lino  of 
battle    id    Couch's    immediate   front 
Tho  divisions  of  ATagrmk-raml  linger  occupied  the 
extreme  right,  while  those  of  Jackson,  D.  II.  Dill, 
and  Whiting,  as  well  as  part  of  E well's,  extended 
toward  the  right.     The  remainder  of  Ewell's  divi- 
sion, and   the  divisions  of  LoUgstreet  and  A.  P. 
Hill,  were  held  in  reserve. 

After  Borne  desultory  firing,  Leo  concluded  that 
(ho  Fedoral  position  could  br  corned  only  by  ag- 
jault.  He  therefore  ordered  a  simultaneous  attack 
to  take  plat*  nlonjj  tho  whole  lino  as  soon  as  tho 
concentrated  fire  from  his  artillery  had  succeeded 
in  silencing  most,  if  not  all,  of  the  Federal  bat- 
teries. When  this  was  done,  part  of  lingers  divi- 
sion was  to  advance  with  a  shout,  which  was  to  bo 
the  Bignul  for  a  general  movement  ''to  drive  tho 
invaders  into  tho  James." 

The  artillery  was  in  position,  and  began  its  fire 
at  about  threo  o'clock,  and  at  a  littlo  after  six  tho 
divisions  of  Conch  and  Porter  were  assailed  by 
ij.  II.  llilPs  forces,  who  had  misinterpreted  u  load 
shout  for  tho  intended  signal.  The  Federals  were 
bitterly  assailed,  and  tho  Confederates  held  their 
,-round  welt,  hut  not  having  any  support,  thoy  were 
soon  driven  back  in  confusion  near  tho  woods. 
Thence,  brigade  after  brigade  wai  made  to  charge 
upon  tiio  Federal  batteries,  Mag-ruder  and  linger 
advancing  boldly  upon  the  Fedoral  loft,  whilo 
Barksdi-iO,  Anderson,  Mahono  and  Wright  were 
making  .1  simultaneous  attack  toward  its  right  and 
contro. 

Tho  dash  displayed  by  tho  assailants  was  heroic, 
but  it  availed  little  in  face  of  tho  artillery  and  in 
fantry  (ire,  that  was  studiously  reserved  until  tho 
Confederates  wore  within  a  short  distance  of  tho 
crest,  and  then  poured  destructively  into  them.  A 
bayonet-chargo  would  thon  generally  follow,  and 
tho  Confederates  would  fall  back  to  renew  *he 
attaok  elsowhoro  and  with  fresh  troons,  until  linally 
all  were  repulsed. 

Alter  a  short  interval  tho  Confederates  re-formed 
thoii  lino  in  the  neighboring  forest,  and  renewed 
tho  nsnatilt  more  fiercely  than  over.  Thoy  nd van eed 
boldly,  and,  apparently  undismayed  by  tho  scathing 
(iro,  both  of  artillery  and  infantry,  to  which  thoy 
were  exposed,  charged  with  increased  vipor,  and  in 
successive  lines,  upon  tho  main  Federal  batteries. 
But,  despite  their  determined  energy,  thoy  wore 
checked  and  repulsed  with  terriblo  slaughter,  and 
nromptly  pursued    by   tbo    brigades    of    Meagher 


nmrrra  king. 

and  Sickles,  which  had  opportunely  arrived  from 
Sumner  and  HeinUelmnn  on  Porter's  call  for  help, 
and  wero  at  once  led  by  him  into  aotiou, 

Tho  gunboats  had,  besides,  in  the  meantime, 
opened  firo  from  tho  James  River,  and  wero  send- 
ing into  tho  woodr  from  their  heavy  p/ms  most 
destructive  volleys  of  shot  and  shell,  which  soon 
told  so  heavily  upon  tho  Confederates  that  thoy 
had  to  take  shelter  tome  distance  beyond. 

At  a  little  after  nine  o'clock  all  tiring  ceased, 
and  with  it  ended  tho  scries  of  Six  ( though  im- 
properly callod  Seven )  Days"  Buttles  which  closed 
the  Peninsula  campaign  in  Virginia.  In  these 
various  engagements,  tho  official  reports  show  tho 
losses  ia  killed,  wounded  and  missing  on  both 
aidos  to  have  been  as  follows : 

Fdorals- Porter,  4,216 ;  HaCall,  3,02*  ( MoCail 


was  part  of  Porter's  Fifth  Corps) ;  Franklin, 
2,737 ;  Sumner,  2,1 11 ;  Iieinteelman,  2,073 ;  Koves, 
777;  cavalry,  etc.,  U9- Total,  15.249. 

Gmfidaratet- Magradcr  and  linger,  4,585; 
Longstrcot,  4,429  ;  A.  P.  Hill,  3,970;  D.  H.  Hill, 
3,954;  Jackson,  2.2S2;  Cavalry,  etc,  150- Total, 
19,370. 

Immediately  after  the  battle  of  Ualrem  Hill, 
MeClellan  issued  orders  to  full  back  npon  Harri- 
son's Lauding,  a  few  miles  below,  on  the  James 
River,  where  all  that  remained  of  tho  Army  of  tho 
Potomac  was  encamped  on  tho  evening  of  July  3d. 

On  the  following  day  Ooneral  McCIollan  issued 
an  address  to  the  soldiers,  in  which  ho  recounted 
their  exploits  of  tho  preceding  week.* 

Tho  Confederate  army  remained  in  tho  neighbor- 
hood of  Malvern  Hill,  and  instituted  a  series  of 
uavulry  pursuits  against  th  retreating  Fedorals, 
until  the  fire  from  the  gunboats  rendered  further 
effective  operations  impracticable.  Leo  then  or- 
dered lm  troops  withdrawn,  and  tho  Army  of 
Hbrthero  Virginia  reached  the  defenses  of  Rich- 
mond on  tbo  8th  of  July. 


GBOnOE  STONEMAN. 
Buns  nt  Bust!,  N.  Y..  August  8th,  1823;  entered  tho 
Unlied  States  Military  Academy  at  West  Point  in  18-19,  nod 
npon  graduating  '.Lit. ■from,  enle:_d  the  First  Dragoons, 
Willi  whicli  regiment  lie  win  stationed  at  Fort  Leavenworth, 
and  went  lo  New  Mexico.  From  1847  to  1855  ho  remained 
oo  the  Pacific  Coast,  being  promoted  in  the  last  named  year 
to  a  captaincy  in  llie  Second  Ilcgulor  Cavalry.  lie  was  (lien 
tent  to  Texas,  and  nt  the  timo  of  tho  com  men  cement  of  tho 
Civil  War  troubles,  hud  charge  of  Fort  Brown,  which  ho 
refused  lo  surrender  to  General  Twiggs,  and  subsequently 
evacuated  only  when  an  opportunity  offered  to  hike  his  com- 
mand to  New  Tort  In  May,  1801,  ho  was  promoted  major 
of  tho  First   Cavalry,  and  served  on  tho  staff  of  General 

*  Hmn^DinTFiMapTni:  AjinTorniit  Poroiuo, 
Camp  near  Harrison'*  Liinilln#,  July  lib. 

la  of  Ibo 


nn,|  cml 


.llhoulbopocin: 
r  baao  of  one  rati. 
~l  liiunnlousnf  11 


cud  mldlcr.    JMluckwl  bysu. 

fofecnwnt,  you  have-  succeeded  In  chantrinji 

by  n  flank  moven:;nt,  always  regarded  iu  Ih 

torrtipcdluntfl.    You  have- suved  ymir  mad  rial,  nil  your  Irain  and  all 

ciilorn  from  tho  enemy.    Upon  your  mnnli  ynu  Imvo  been  onaltcddij 

■  ILIlfully  ioa.-v?d  and  liJ.    Under  rvi'ry  dl*ndvan(ai;o  of  number*,  nnd 

youi  foes  with  cnorui'itH  slnu:.-liti-r.  Your  conduct  mnki  you  anion* 
tho  celebrated  urtnled  "f  hl/lnry  ?.*n  no.  will  ri"iy>i'.Lr"tli>ri  Hint  ru.li 
of  you  may  idwavs  w-ltb  prldu  ray,  "I  belong  (o  Ibo  Army  of  Ibu 

rind  unlmpalral  In  spirit  Tho  enemy  may  at  any  time  attack  yon. 
Wo  am  prepared  to  meet  them.  I  Juiva  personal])'  cnlntilliili'<<)  your 
lines.  Let  them  come,  and  m  will  convert  Ihclr  icpul"  into  o  Anal 
defeat  Tour  Government  I"  "Irt  m.tli.  nlni:  y.-n  "lid  ibo  reaoutcniot 
a  ortnl  peoplo.  On  (hi-  our  nation 'n  Mrtlnluy  we  ■!■  elom  to  oar  foes, 
who  aro  robe Is  mmbist  ibi>  l-M  1  n  r-  r.-.ti  nf  inanl'lnd,  that  tola  nnuy 
shall  enter  tbn  cBnlml  of  Uic  mwnlli-I  Confederacy,  Ihnt  onrnaUonal 
Constitution  fhall  pi.  vnll-,  and  Uint  OiuUril.ui,  which  eon  alone  Insuro 
Internal  peace  and  citcm-d  security  to  each  Elate,  "  mu.it  and  shall 
,  Tjtutiit  nur/la  Uma,  Ircamru  asd  blood. 

ClEOEun  B.  UdClbuul 


QAPTaLS    KN^PPtJ    BaTTEBT    EMJAtiLNli   THE   CU.NFE  DEBATES    AT   THE   BATTLM  ub    UfcLiAH    iIOUNTaIH.    AOUUST   Wri 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


to  at  U" Wth  -  BavajHl  tumicm      b.  Ikmifl  of  the  BUUi-  Wbiui  u:il(  annmj 

a  Battle  Mi  -lalv  !:"- JlnlvT.TT)  iiilL      ?'.  KamiDd  Lett  ptaok  ct  tts  Ann?  after  the  BotUf*. 

ri.  II-  Tty>  PeOerul  Umboiu  wcro  Station*  between  Cartirt  Seofc  and  Turkuy  Band. 

HAP  OB  THP  8TBATEOI0AL  HOTBMHHTB  OP  OEXERAL  M'OLELLAiff'B   AR11T   BEFORE    BI0fc"OIITfc 

8H0WINO  THB  PLAGISWHEBfl  THB  SIX   BATTLES  WE  KB   FuUGHX, 

P&OM  TBS  SflTH  OB  JVXB  10  TUB  1ST  lit  JLLl,  I8ti& 


COMPANY   A.   OF  THE  F'n-ST  SOUTB  CAROLINA  FEDERAL   VOLUNTEERS  (COLORED),  TAKING   THE  OATH   OK   ALLEGIANCE 
BEFORE  GENERAL  SaXTON     AT  BEAUFORT.   8.  O 


THE    SOLDIER    IN    OUR     CIV1I. 


367 


jleClollan  until  thn  for'  ,-rlr  ,  A  QffD.it,  whei  tic  wna  morlfc  t 
brifrodier-generul,  nnd  placed  nt  the  bead  of  tho  Cavalry  ol 
Hie  Army  of  the  Potomac,  which  he  organized,  and  with 
which  hedistirjcjuinhed  blnkwlf  during  Hit'  Virginia  f'enin- 
fiU  campaign. 

After  tho  battle  of  • 'liontiliy,  he  tuuk  the  pla f  mnd> 

Jimcnl"l  General  Ktauiy  nt  the  bear]  of  the  FTrrt  Division 
Of  i-|Mirtrncnt  of  the 
Ohio.  Ilo  afterward  hil  several  lirilliunt  raids,  nod  was 
placed  In  eommnni,  of  different  depart  men  l.i,  until  mustered 
out  of  wrt"  at  (he  end  of  .Inly.  1800.  lie  11-iw  retired  from 
active  service  early  in  August.  1871,  after  having  received 
the  commission  of  colonel  of  the  Twenty-Ant  Rcgulur 
Infantry,  nnd  the.  brevets  nf  iirigudier-gcncral  and  of  major- 
general  for  gallon*  conduct. 

DANIEL  E.  SICKLES. 
Uottf  1  New  York  City  on  the  20th  of  October,  189!  j 
entered  0  University  of  New  York,  and,  ii|hjq  leaving  il, 
Studied  Inw,  anil  wu  admitted  to  the  Hot  in  1SM&  Four  yearn 
Inter  1"!  wns  elected  lo  l!ie  New  York  Sinto  Legislature,  and 
in  Ititll  wan  made  'orporalmri  Attorney  of  hi*  native  city. 
From  Ilia  hitter  putt  of  1803  until  the  year  1B35,  he  acted  as 
S.-r.lnry  of  I..  ._':ii  j.  .il  [,.  .Tiinn-1  liinlimniri,  wh.n  Minister  to 
England,  becoming  a  Slate  Senator  upon  his  return  to 
Now  York.  This  wm  followed  in  18-18  by  his  election  to  a 
feat  in  Ilia  United  Stales  Mouse  of  He  prose  ninlivcs,  which 
latter  ho  wns  called  upon  to  occupy  from  1800  to  18)12, 

At  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War,  hu  raised  what  wns 
called  the  Excelsior  Brigade,  and  was  soon  appointed  colonel 
nf  tho  Seventieth  New  York.  TIlis  was  soon  followed  by 
promotions  to  11  brigndier-gcncralship  hi  September,  1601, 
und  to  a  major-generalship  in  November,  1803.  Ho  served 
throughout  the  Pi  niusulu  Campaign,  nnd  in  April,  1803,  won 
given  coinmand  of  the  Third  Corps,  greatly  distinguishing 
himself  ootulily  at  the  buttle  of  Chancel lorsvillc,  und  in 
ihe  "-i-rind  day's  flglil  nt  Gettysburg,  where  he  lost  n  leg 
whi!)  gallantly  lending  his  men.  Between  18110  nod  1807  be 
commanded  lite  military  district  comprising  North  and  South 
Cnrolina,  having  in  the  meantime  Im-i-fi  appointed  colonel  of 
tho  Forty  -second  liegiinent  of  Regular  Tnfiititry,  and  re- 
reived  ihe  brevets  of  brigadier-genera!  and  of  major-genera] 
bi  the  United  Stales  Array  lor  gallantry.  Ilo  retired  In 
18011  from  active  sen-lie  with  the  rank  of  major -gen  end,  and 
In  the  some  year  was  appointed  United  Stales  Minister  to  the 
ijurt  of  flpulii,  which  position  he  resigned  live  years  Infer. 


DAHliJb  SABH  COUCH, 
burnt  b  Pntrmm  County.  N.  T  IlltJ  3*1, 
1823;  entered  Ihe  I'ottul  Stall*  Military 
A.eaduny  at  Wt*  I'uinl  fiuia  which  ha 
gTBftrmte*  fa  1S10;  served  tlimrrgh  tho 
Mexican  War,  and  wns  commissioned  a 
OTOTd  tint  lieutenant  for  distinguished 
services  at  the  battle  of  BucnaYisla;  look 
part  in  the  Florida  War,  nnd  wns  on  fron- 
tier duty  from  1818  to  1855,  when  he  re- 
signed from  Ihe  nnny  to  follow  mercantile 
pursuits.  ITc  tendered  bis  services  to  tho 
Unit.fi  Slides  Government  nt  the  time  of 
the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War ;  Wns 
mode  colonel  of  the  Seventh  Massachusetts 
Volunteers,  and  served  in  the  defenses  of 
"Washington,  as  well  as  throughout  the  Fo 
nln-iila.  Maryland  anil  R:i[i[.  ilianre.ik  mm- 
palirns.  He  Was  mnde  a  major-general  of 
Volunteers  on  the  4th  of  July.  1802.  From 
1863   to  1WI   be  was  in   command  of   the 

Department  ef  tin;  Snsqiu  1 mi,  and  aller- 

watd  ileurcl  in  a  griiit  m my  enga^et^euLs 
twtb  in  Tennessee  and  in  North  Carolina. 
lie  resigned  from  (be  service  on  the  00lh  of 
May,  1803,  soon  n'^er  accepting  the  nomina- 
tion of  the  Democracy  for  Governor  of 
M;e.;.iehiiiitii.  He  wns  not,  however,  i"i-"lcd 
to  the  latter  po?'..  hut  become  Collector  of 
the  Port  of  Boston,  18B0-  ".  and  lias,  since 
tho  hitter  year,  been  presi,.  Jil  of  tho  Virginia 
Mining  and  Manufacturing  Compiiny. 

WILLIAM  DUEL  FRANKLIN. 
Bons  nt  York,  Pu.,  February  27th,  1833; 
entered  the  United  Slates  Military  Academy 
at  West   Point   in   June,   1839,  whence    he 
graduated    four    years    later.     Do   was   as- 
signed   to  the  Corps   of  Topographical   En 
ginccrs,  nud  look  pnrt  In  the  Mexican  War 
on  the  staffs  of  Geoerals  Wool  and  Taylor, 
being  breveted   flrM    lieutenant  for  gallantry 
nt  tho  battle  of  Buenn  Vista.     Do  served  ta 
acting   assistant    professor   of   natural    and 
experimental   philosophy  nt  tho  West  Point    Military  Aca- 
demy from  18.(8  to  1832;  tvinme  prnfi--.-iir  r>f  engineering 
and   of   natural   nnd   experimental  philosophy    nt   the   New 
York  Free  Academy,  ami  was  iLssigueil  to  lighthousu  duty  as 
inspcclor  and  engin1.1T  from  l*'>:i  lo  In,"j7,  b-.>  oming  eugiuc<;r- 
secretarj-  of  the  Ligbtliouse  Board  from  18-'j7  to  1850.     He 
was  tlio  engineer  in  chnrgo  of  the  Capitol  at  Washington 
from  November.  IftiO,  to  Marr-h,  1861,  nnd  from  the  hitler 
dote  unlil  Ihe  rnon'li  of  May  following  rcmnuied  iu  charge 
of  tho  Bureau  of  Construclion  and  Repairs. 

On  the  1-lth  of  May,  1801,  he  was  made  colonel  of  tho 
Twelfth  United  Stales  Infantry,  and.  three  days  inter,  tjo- 
mottd  to  be  c  briyidlcr-geiienil  of  Volunteers.  In  July. 
1861,  lie  commanded  a  liriiradc 
nt  tho  battle  of  Bull  Run,  and 
afterward  had  cliargo  of  n 
division  unlil  March,  1803. 
when  he  win  ussigiiii]  [u  llie 
rorps  of  General  McDowell. 
Bo  look  part  in  the  PcUn- 
pila Campaign,  nut',  organized 

and    commanded    the  Sixth 

Corps,  which  served  tiutalily 
m  the  engagements  at  West 
Point,  Goldiug's  Farm,  and 
White  Oak  Swamp.  He  was 
appointed  n  major-general, 
July  1th,  1811*2,  nod  (lgiind 
more  particularly  in  the 
bottles  of  South  Mountain 
and  Antii  lain,  fi.iiidil  durkii: 


-.-..(ii,  r 


Of 


In 


lUtBimsF.  p.  Hn.i. 


vember,  1803.  ho  was 
assigned  lo  Ihe  command  oi 
the  Left  Grand  Division  of  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac  ;  com- 
manded Ihe  left  wing  nt  the 
battle  of  Frcdcricks'jiirg ; 
wns  relieved  from  duty  in 
llie  Army  of  the  Potomac 
January  Both,  1803;  assigned 
to  tho  Department  of  "beGiilf 
hi  July.  1Sirt  in  the  finul  assault  on  llie 
City  or  Mexico,  losing  no  arm  while  in  the  net  of  til  reel  fee 
his  troops  ocar  the  San  Antonio  Gate,  He  afterword  tliil 
scrvfa  in  California,  and  led  on  expedition  against  Ihi 
Indians  on  the  Columbia  River.  In  18.rfl  he  nsigned  from 
Ihe  armv.  and  went  to  Fnropo,  where  he  cr.nl  inued  hi"  mill 
tary  siuilies.  He  once  more  entered  the  FreniJi  army  on  *-C' 
brcardng  out  of  the  Itolino  War  in  1839,  and  as  "  volunteer 
aid  to  General  Maurier  took  part  in  tho  hnttsa  of  Mngenta 
and  Solfenoo.  Upon  the  breaking  outof  thu  Civil  War  ho 
returned  to  the  United  States  and  tendered  bu  servfea  fi 
the  Government,  soon  receiTing  the  commission  of  brigadier- 
oeoun,  of  Volunteers.     Dminirtiie  Per.insu In  campaign.  h< 


j6S 


THE     SOLDIER    IN     OUR     CIVIL     WAR. 


MAP   OF    POPE'S   MTTJTARY   OPERATIONS    TN    VIROTNTA.    ATJOTJST    ANT1   SEPTEMBER.   18(!2. 


THE    SOLDIF.R    IN    OUR    C/V/L     WAR. 


3^9 


nded  the  Third  faftei  nrd  Finrt)  Division,  Third 
Corp",  of  tie  Army  01  tho  Potomac,  anr]  greatly  distin- 
yii.died  himself,  especially  at  Torktown,  Williamsburg,  Fair 
Oak*,  Whil-s  Oat  Swamp.  Glendale.  and  Malvern  HID,  beiog 
In  return  promoted  to  a  ma] or- generalship.  He  likcwiic  took 
a  leading  part  Id  the  HCOnd  tattle  of  Bull  Run,  as  well  na  at 
Pliantilly,  and  waa  killed  ot  tho  (art  named  place  on  the  1st 
of  Septemlier,  IWS3.  while  reconnnllrinir  in  advance  of  his 
tr""|H,  and  in  the  net  of  wheeling  bit  bona  around  to  cheer 
on  hi*  men  Qo  was  buried  with  mlliiary  honors  nl  Trinity 
Churchyard.  New  York  City,  and  his  fellow- tow  aim  en  after- 
ward (TC-'ted  a  monument  to  bis  memory  in  tho  public 
Bquart  of  Newark,  N.  J. 

AMBROSE  POWELL  HILL. 

Rous  In  Culpepper  County,  Va.,  In  1335;  graduated  at 
tlie  Military  Academy  at  West  Point,  July  It.  19-17,  and 
entered  tliu  army  in  brevet  eeconrl  lieutenant  of  rrlillery. 
He  look  [inrt  In  several  of  the  remaining  en  gage  men  In  of  the 
Mexican  Wor,  after  which  be  did  sotno  frontier  duly,  and 
■erred  In  the  war  ntrninst  thu  Seminole  Indians,  having 
in    I  In    mnmtitiie   I"-  n   lommk'iornd    n   Beeond   mid   first 

Hi: uant.     From  IBM  to  1800  In:  did  duty  ul  the 

Coast  Survey  OJIlce  In  Wiudiiiigton,  and  was  on 
leave  of  iih-  nee  from  October  of  the  Inst  named 
year  until  Maxell,  1WII,  when  lie  reigned  hit  com- 
munion In  Ilia  army.  Upon  thu  secession  of  his 
nniivi-  Slate,  be  ncoeptid  the  commi.vilon  of  colonel 
or  tho  Thlrleenib  Virginia  Volunteers,  and  was. 
lintloncd  nt  Harper's  Ferry  until  ordered  to  join 
ill.  1  .jif..li  rite  1.  niynl  Hull  Hun.  Here  he greatly 
diallngi]  iImiI  himself,  and  was,  in  coircqueocc, 
rondo  11  liriirntlii  r-t'en.  rid,  s.Tvtng  ns  hoi  h  lit  l<-v  mil* 
scnucnt  bntllu  of  Williamsburg.  He  was  nflcrv-ird 
promoted   to   be  11    iinij.ir -.nend,   and   given   a  u-l- 

vi.i..n.   which  be  admirably  managed  during  the 

oorralioiiH  Unit  1""k  |il."  ■■  mii  the  Virginia  iVnin-ulii.  _v 


CAPTURE  OF  FOBT  PILLOW  AND  OF 
MEMPHIS. 

Wmns  a  week  after  the  capture  of  Island  No.  10 
Commodore  Foote  had  completed  preparations  for 
a  fnrther  advanco  along  tho  Mississippi,  having 
the  City  of  Memphis  for  its  objective,  \hovo  the 
latter  place  were  two  forts  (Fort  Pillow  and  Ran- 
dolph), the  more  important  of  which,  Fort  Pillow, 
must  needa  first  bo  reduced  before  progress  could 
be  made. 

On  tho  14th  of  April.  1863,  Foote  had  his  mor- 
tars in  position  ut  Craighead  Point,  less  than  a  milo 
from  Fort  Pillow.  Ho  soon  commenced  upon  tho 
latter  a  bombardment  which  was  continued  almost 
without  intermission,  in  hope)  that  an  early  full  in 
tho  much-swollen  river  would  soon  admit  of  tho 
co-operation  of  Pope's  land  force,  then  stationed  on 
tho  Arkansas  shore.     Pope's  troopB,  with  tho  ox- 


■  Pu 


of  Harper's  Ferry, 
mid  llyiinil  prominently  ill  Lbe  Initio*  of  Anlietiim, 
Frcderk'ksburg,   and    Uhiiucellontville,    Inking    lbe 

1 ml    of    Jackson's   rorps    upon    the   loner's 

d'-ilh,  innl  In  iiiL- 1  nfli-r  mnde  lieutenanl-grnenil. 

lb  .1  i'l.i> ■  -I  irri.it  .ibility  Ihroiighmil  the  remainder 
of  llr:  ( ivil  c.inlliil,  niiliibly  "t  Petersburg,  where 
bo  met  hh  ihatli  by  a  rilloshol,  while  engaged  in 
reconnoitring,  ou  lbe  3d  of  April,  18(15. 


WILLIS  ARNOLD   anitMAN. 

Bolts  nt  Flemiiigsliurt,',  Kv.,  January  12th,  1HI0  ; 

in  lied  law  in  llloonilngtou,  lad  ;  member  of  the 

Lcgislnluro  for  several  yema;  majot  in  Quo 


il  .I.II.I.1.1 

..  MejkouWnr     At  llu.1.1  Yi-U  be  ..  0.10  ,...l..l 

rifle  bnttaliou,  and   wni  rarcroi]   wounded,     lie 

ih  after  ward  mnde  colonel  of  lbe  Fourth  Indiana 

ilonti  rrt,  rlllil  |);irtiiol:irl_V  ili-1  infill. Iii 'i I  hiln~i-l(  nt 

a  battle  of  lliianiatla.  Appointed  Military  and 
vil  Governor  of  Puebbi  in  lSla.  Elected  to  the 
niteii  Stales  House  of  Representatives,  184D-5a. 
ilcred  the  Civil  War  as  colonel  of  the  First  Minno- 
la  VohinieerH.  For  service  at  Hull  Hun  ho  was 
pointed  brigadier- general  of  Volunteers  iu  Sop. 
rnbor,  1801.  PHinplI'V-d  himself  throughout 
.    I'-niii -ill  ,  M  ,-l.r.d  out  of  service 


ved  until  his  death.  May  2Utb,  1 


MTCnAEL  CORCORAN. 
Bons  lit  Carrowkeel,  County  Sligo,  Ircbind.  Sep. 
lemlier'JIst,  IK27;  nfler  receiving  a  thorough  English 
ediiealbiii,  be  interi-d  lbe  Irish  <_Viu"tribuliiry  Estab- 
lishment, where  be  remained  Ihioo  years,  being  afterward 
stationed  nt  Creeslou-b,  County  Donegal.  He  rerigned  iu 
18-ifl,  ami  emigrated  to  the  United  Stales,  settling  iu  New 
York  City.  1  [ in  military  career  U'f,iiu  with  his  enlistment  as 
private  inConr-my  1.  BUty-nlnth  Regiment  oIN.Y.S.M., 
than  commwklsd  by  Captain  John  Judge.  The  regiment 
great ly  tlistini;iu-lii-l  i1>.  If  in  extending  and  maintaining  pro- 
tection to  lbe  Government  buildings  during  the  Quarantine 
troubles  in  Now  York  Harbor.  Corcoruu  advanced  rapidly 
in  rank  until,  on  lbe  2."ilh  of  August,  1850,  bevras  made  Col- 
onel of  the  regiment.  As  fiuJi  he  catered  the  Civil  War,  and 
iv  i  1I1  Iii.  r.  L-ini'iiit  t.hik  .1  Ip-iidiiii:  purl  in  I  hi?  lir-I  bilile  of 
Hull  Run,  where  he  was  taken  prisoner  while  gallantly 
direeling  lbe  movement*  of  his  troops.  He  was  kepi  in  col- 
Hocnicul  at  ItiebiaiUKl,  Vn.,  iind  nt  Charleston.  S.  LV,  nearly 
u  year,  when  he  was  e.\ebauged.  Upun  his  way  home  he  was 
ile  object  nf  many  attention*  at  Washington,  Ballituon.'  and 
Philadelphia.  II*  left  Philadelphia  on  ihe  morning  of  tho 
Sid  of  August,  1S62,  in  company  of  a  delegation  from  tho 
Common  Council  of  New  York  Cfty,  and,  upon  lib  arrival 
at  the  Battery,  was  welcomed  by  Mayor  Opdyke  nod  a  large 
processiou  of  military  iind  firemen,  by  wanm  he  was  ~?cortcd 
i..  the  St.  Nicholas  Hotel.  At  the  elo=c  of  the  duy's  fes- 
livilies  he  made  a  spcirli,  in  which  tie  deelarcd  his  intention 
to  raise  a  brigade,  and  once  more  t;ike  the  field  forth*  Union. 
Be  soon  after  organized  and  led  to  the  field  the  Corcoran 
Legion,  and  wa>  made  a  brigadier-gin' -ml  of  Volunteers,  to 
date  from  the  dny  of  bis  capture,  July  31ft,  ISSt.  He  was 
thrown  from  his  hone,  while  riding  with  his  staff,  near 
Sawyer's  Station,  Vn.,  on  the  23d  of  December,  1803,  and 
so  fatally  injured  that  ho  neTcr  recovered  consciousnsta, 
and  died  the  aama  dm. 


WILLIS    ARNUI.il    liliHMAN'. 


coption  of  two  rcginicnls,  under  Colonel  Fitch, 
were,  however,  withdrawn  to  Pittsburg  Landing, 
and  Foote  was  loft  to  work  alone.  Thu  bombard- 
ment soon  compelled  tho  retirement  helow  Fort 
Pillow  o£  a  flotilla  of  eight  gunboats  and  four 
etcam-rams,  with  which  Uollins  bud  threatened 
tho  Federal  advance,  and  it  was  not  until  the  10th 
o£  May  that  they  were  again  brought  forward  for 
an  aggressive  movement. 

At  that  time,  the  command  of  the  Federal  opera- 
tions bad  just  devolved  upon  Captain  Charles 
Davis,  as  Foote  hud  been  compelled,  by  the  aggra- 
vation of  the  wound  he  hud  received  at  Fort  Donel- 
Kon,  to  abandon  all  further  active  daty. 

At  a  little  after  live  o'clock  on  the  morning  of 

tho  10th,  tho  largest  of  Hollins's  vessels- the  ram 

Mcliea  - swept     around     Craighead 

1Lir'laS'  Point,  and  attacked  Acting-master 
Uregory's  mortar-bout,  with  whicb  it  had  a  fierce 
encounter.  Seeing  thi*.  the-  two  Feder.il  gunboats, 
Mound  City  and  Cincinnati,  hurried  forward  and 
engaged  tho  ram,  wbicli  eoon  turned  upon  the  last- 
Tiatncd,  and,  in  face  of  terrible  broadsides,  repeat- 
edly struck  the  gunboat  with  her  sharp  iron  prow, 
inflicting  ugly  wounds  in  her  side.  Before  tbe 
Mound  City  coulil  effectively  engage  the  McJiea, 
another  Confederate  rani,  the  Van  Dom,  had  enc- 


  mm- 
bwtl  No.  II,  of  Fui'riignl's  fleet,  wbieh 
sent  a  ball  from  a  heavy  Dahlgren 
gun  through  her  sides,  and  received 
a  terrible  broadside  in  return.  The 
Arkansas  held  ber  way  nnd  passed 
the  Louisville,  which  gave  her  full 
benefit  of  broadside  and  bow  gnns. 
Having  now  gained  a  position  from 
which  every  shot  told  on  tho  fleet,  she 
used  all  her  guns  on  transports  and 
gunboats  indiscriminately,  and  re- 
ceived in  rotnru  but  slight  injury, 
v  owing  to  her    rapid   movements  and 

impregnablo  armor.  Sho  passed  tho 
Earlford,  Iroquois  and  Richmond, 
pursued  by  tho  lionton,  LoutsvUU 
and  Cincinnati.  Tho  Essex  managed  to  send  twu 
100-pound  steel  shot  fairly  through  her  siUcs  ;  ono, 
below  the  water-line,  caused  her  to  leak.  Thu 
Richmond  also  sent  a  lOO-pound  Parrot t  shot  com- 
pletely through  ber.     Tho    ram    Lancaster  Afa.  £ 


EXCITEMENT  AT   COVINGTON,  KY.,  OS   HEARING    OF  THE   CAPTURE   OF  CYNTHIANA   BY  THE  C 

GATHERING    OF  ARMED    CITIZENS. 
JfSaM  a  Sketch  si  H.  Loth. 


mSM^mSSSS^S^ 


BEOEPTI0M     UJ?    UJiNBflAI.    fflOSASL    UUKUUliAN,   BY    TILE    MAYOll    AND    CITIZENS    OF    NEW    YORK     OITY,   AUG 


M&VtAiXiii    NAVAL   COMitAl    LiilUViiM*    Lklh    OOfl£*!"JiiiiA'i'Ji    UWXULAH    M>M    -AliKAN6Ab"    Aiu 

- -  tfu". 


17b 


THE    SOLDIER    I.\     OCR     CIVIL     WAR. 


illll 


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'&jp%$Ђ8t$&im&"i: 


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L'^**aaiS^^t^^^^^^ 


Slip*    ^^^^i^isss?f' 


SECOND    BATTLE    OF    DULL    RUN,   FOUGHT   SATURDAY.   AUGUST    30m.  180!.- THE    FEDERAL    FOUCES    COMMANDED    BY    QBNEHAI  JOHN    POPE,   AND    THE    CONFEDERATE    TROOPS    BY    GENERALS    ROBERT    E.   J 

Fnon  *  SKEita  orErwui  Foima._>■■  '■.-.  and  under  cover  of  Commodore  Wilkes's 
i  mboat  flotilla,  he  soon  built  an  admirable  ponton- 
bridge  o.tten ding  across  the  Ohiokabominy  Kiver- 
nearly  a  mile  from  its  confluence  with  the  James - 
which  enabled  him  to  transport  his  entire  force  of 
infantry,  eavnlry  and  artillery,  on  the  16th,  16th, 
17th  and  18th  of  August,  This  was  effected  with. 
out  the  loss  of  a  single  man,  or  of  anything  ex- 
cepting twenty  pontons,  which  wet*  destroyed  after 
the  army  had  passed. 

On  the  7th  of  August,  Pope  concentrated  his 
infantry  between  BpenyriHe  and  Cnl- 

D0Iwr'  popper   Court  House,   and   sent   tho 

cavalry  in  the  direction  of  Goidonsville.     He  lost 


Sketch  of  2nd Manassas,  August  29th  1862 


tftwfinriue 


h-vmil^TicAniHrtiiflftrWWrt    tf'WAldna  9A, 


SHOWING  THE   POdlTIOH    OP  THF   TUOOPS,  PltttPAltATOBY   TO   TUB   SECOND   BATTLE   OF  BOLL   BITS,  AOODST  80th,  1903. 


Oeneral  Popo,  who  had,  on  the  88th  of  Jnne,  been 
piueed  at  tho  head  of  the  Army  of  Virginia,  was 
ordered  to  summon  to  him  Genoral  Cos's  force, 
then  in  Western  Virginia,  and  to  cross  tho  Rappa- 
hannock in  order  to  threaten  the  Confederato  lines 
Of  communication  by  way  of  Gordonsvillo,  which 
latter  place  was  the  real  key  to  the  southern  en- 
trances of  tho  Shenandoah  Valley.  He  issued  an 
address  to  his  army  which  promised  a  new  system 
tf  operations.  •  MoClellan  was  at  the  same  time 
seeking  to  prevent  tho  Confederate  army  from  ure- 

lpitating  their  whole  force  upon  Popo.  by  a  suc- 
cession of  recounoinsaneii  in  force,  which  for  ;i 
time  kept  Leo's  army  anxiously  on  the  defensive, 


'.l   of    Iho   Pnalilml    o[    Uj" 
"ir,i.  ;  In   preparing  yaa   l'T 


gsdee  came  up  ft  was  found  that  the  post  was 
abandoned.  A  pursuit  was  ordered  and  was  con- 
tinued until  dark,  when  the  Federal.-;  were  recalled, 
and  bivouacked  for  (he  night  on  the  field  ft  battle. 
They  had  lost  17  In  killed  and  wounded,  and  had 
taken  nearly  l  proceed  from  Sorth  Caro- 

ln  bnl  oo"  tnitnnw  hM  this  eoeajbem  &bIo  to  pis™  "•"  Wawrt 
-  ■  F-  ■  to  a  dJi-cifre  uu  :■  ' 
I  piorao  that  I  bate  bocn 

It  Is  my  pnrpaau  to  do  to,  am) 
I  am  nro  mo  lone  tor  tho 
an  capable  of  nctoertn*.    T 


no  time  completing  reeonnoisaances  in  all  directions; 
ono  of  the  reconnoitring  parties  under  General 
Samuel  W.  Crawford  being  successful  in  driving 
away  a  Confederate  force  stationed  at  Orange  Court 
House,  which  place  the  Federals  immediately  oc- 
cupied. 

Seeing  this,  Jackson  and  Ewell  crossed  the  Eapi- 
dan,  near  Burnett's  Ford,  on  the  following  day, 
and,  in  turn,  forced  back  the  Federal  cavalry 
that  had  been  stationed  there.  Crawford  was  at 
once  sent  forward,  and  on  the  morning  of  the  8th 
Banks  followed  with  his  entire  corps  to  aid  Craw- 
ford, who,  by  that  time,  had  his  force  well  deployed 
near  Cedar  or  Slaughter's  Mountain. 

The  ■tnropwt  nr^tfrn  a  hUct  •honM  dnfn  to  ocodp)  *  obo  t=  to  iUrcii  from  Giiinavilie  al  tbe  same  I ■■■-■ 

uuhiUu..Uv -■  . j     -  -  npon  llaipiL- -:- -Iancri,.[j.  und  K'-nrni-v,  wh.i  is  inliis  rear,  W 

erullleurv  Prince  made  u  prisoner,  the  hitter  being  ton  Junction.  mnrch  .mBrinoe-i  daybreak.     Bcupcdirions,  and  thedoj 

held  as -uel.  until  the  following  December.                       Pope     must     then     cither    cross    the    nver   and  fcccr0TO  Jou,-.  Pope. 

Dnrin.'    the    two   subsequent    days,  nofbint;   of  fiercely  attack    the   Confederate   Hank  and  rear,  so  Kfrnount  Commanding. 

Iminrt  nice  occurred  on  either  side;    but  on  the  as  to  possibly  compe.  Jackson's  return,  or  he  must  

SBJS ^dTonttbeavv  reintoreenienrs  having  take  Lis  army  to  Warrenton  Junction  and  protect  ^^-j  Buy 

re  icbed  Tope's   armv.  Ja.'-kson  withdrew  from  tie  WashinSton,  or  finally  retire  to  Fredeneksburg, 

field  across  the  Kwidan    be;n"    made  aware   that  and  be  within  reach  of  all  bis  suppbes.  Majok-oe^Jial  KeAiurer:  At  lie  very  earUest  blush  r.i 

other'  troops  were    rupidlj-  couiins    forward    to       He^  decided  upon  _a  ^direct  attacK^and  his  plan  tenjiiuh  fojw.,m^thy^u^".mmand  with  all  sp"d_t- 
Btreo£thoii  tlio  Federul  forces. 


he  could  count 
artillerv  lire  at  the  commencement  of  the  action,  iiponoilly  tbefoTceswbicbGeneralsPhilipKcai 
On  the  Federal  side,  Generals  Christopher  C.  and  Hooker,  of  Hemtobnan's  corps^ and  Job, 
Arnmr  and  John  W.  Geary  were  wounded,  and  Gen-  Reynolds,  of  Porter  s,  had  just  brought  to  War 
irLinDr  tbo  hitter  lieiiiL'  ton  Junction. 

tin;    river 


*  about  Wing  put  into  execution,  when   -mother  this  nlwe.    You  cannoi  bo  more  than  three  or  four  miles 


3$4 


THE   SOLDIER    IN    OUR   CIVIL    WAR. 


distant.  Jackson,  A.  P.  Hill,  ami  Kwell  are  in  front  of  us. 
Hooker  bin  had  a  wit*.-  debt  wil h  lliem  lo-tlsy.  McDowell 
marches  upon  Manasta-i  Junction  fnim  Gainesville  to-mor- 
row at  daybreak  ;  Reno  upon  the  Mine  place  ill  ihe  ume 
hour.  1  wool  you  here  ul  dny-dawo.  if  possible,  und  we 
shall  bag  the  whole  Crowd.  Be  prompt  noil  cxp  dltious,  ami 
never  mind  wagon  trains  orroads  till  tbi-  affair  is  over. 
Lieutenant  Brooks  will  deliver  you  Ibid  communication. 
He  has  one  for  General  Reno  unci  fine  for  General  McDowell. 
Please  buve  these  dispatches  sent  forward  instantly  by  a 
(rusty  staff  officer,  who  will  be  sure  to  deliver  them  without 
fail,;  and  ranks  him  bring  back  a  receipt  to  you  before  day- 
light- LieuteiiBiit  Brooks  will  remain  with  you  nod  bring 
you  10  Ibis  camp.  Use  the  cavnlry  I  send  you  to  escort  your 
stafl  officer  to  McDowell  nod  Reno.        Jons  Pope, 

Mojor-gtntr-il  Comminuting. 

BniftToE  Station,  August  37tb,  1802- Or.U, 
To  Ms.rrm-GKSF.ttAL  Reko:  Mnreb  nt  earliest  dawn  .jf 
dny,  with  your  whole  command,  on  Mannssit*  Juuctiou. 
Jackson,  Swell  and  A.  P.  Hill  are  between  Gainesville  and 
that  place,  11  nd  if  you  are  prompt  and  expeditions!  wc  sball 
bag   tie  whole  crowd.     McDowell  advances  upon  Manassas 


to  the  northeast,  as  if  advancing  npon  Washington. 
This  they  did,  and,  when  at  Centreville,  a  sharp 
turn  to  th:.-  west  brought  the  different  divisions  of 
Jackson's  corps  once  more  together  later  in  the 
day. 

Pope's  orders  could  not  be  literally  carried  out. 
Porter  had  a  distance  of  ten  miles  to  go,  along  a 
heavily  wooded  road,  intersected  by  a  great  number 
of  streams  and  marshy  lands,  und  in  many  places 
encumbered  by  some  of  the  two  or  three  thousand 
wagons  belonging  to  Pope's  army.  lie,  neverthe- 
less, so  ably  directed  his  already  much  fatigued 
forco  during  the  extremely  dark  and  occasionally 
rainy  night  which  followed  the  reception  of  Pope's 
order,  that  the  distance  was  successfully  covered  in 
seven  hours  ;  anil  at  eight  o'clock  on  the  morning 
of  the  28th  he  reached  Bristoo Station  almost  simul- 
taneously with   tho  forco  led  by  Genera]  Kearney. 

After  holding  an  interview  with  Porter,  General 
Pope    started  for    Manassas   wit.1-    Hooker's    forco, 


Taliaferro  was  severely  wounded,  and  General 
Ewell  lost  a  leg. 

Pope's  advance  reached  Centreville  in  the  after- 
noon, and,  believing  that  McDowell's  corpa  must 
have  intercepted  Jackson's  retreat,  ordered  n  gen- 
era  I  movement  for  the  morning  of  the  29th. 
King's  division  and  McDowell  were  to  main  tain 
their