Коганицкий Григорий Аронович. Thermonuclear fusion in the magnetron generator based on the Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube and paradox of heating of the solar corona

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Thermonuclear fusion in the magnetron generator based on the Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube and paradox of heating of the solar corona

When there is talking about a thermonuclear fusion, as in artificial facilities and as in the Sun, at once there are two related questions - how to provide the conditions necessary for the realization of non-volatile thermonuclear fusion in a rarefied environment and why the temperature of tenuous solar corona is much higher than the average temperature of the layers of Sun which located under it, including the convective zone, where, according to modern views, the main process of the thermonuclear fusion is carried out?

In various types of artificial facilities are trying to create a paradoxical mode in which: high pressure and temperature are created into the area of fusion reactions and, simultaneously, the environment around of this area must have low pressure and low heat transfer.

In such the natural fusion generator as the Sun -

Above the visible surface of Sun - the photosphere, which has an average temperature of about 6000 K, there is rarefied solar corona with a temperature of over 1000000 K.

Direct heat transfer from the photosphere is not enough to result in such a high temperature of corona.

Moreover, the temperature of the photosphere is below than the temperature of the corona and the temperature of the upper layer of the convective zone.

In the convective zone that is located below, where, according to modern views, the main process of heat generation is carried out and, therefore, the fusion reaction is going - the average pressure and average temperatures are not sufficient for the occurrence of sustained thermonuclear fusion.

Moreover in the bottom layer of the convective zone, presumably, there are local zones of lowered temperatures.

Based on described above, it can be assumed that there is the process by which local fluctuation both density and temperature takes place into rarefied medium of the convective zone and there is very specific process of heat transmitting from the convective zone into the solar corona.

Such a process, or rather, two physical effects which act together, have long been known as Ranque-Hilsch effect and magnetron effect.

Consider the process of forming a hypothetical Benard convection cells which are capable, under certain conditions, generate energy by means of realization in it reaction of thermonuclear fusion.

On Sun, such cells 1, Fig1 (Benard cells) or four cells which form a resonant system, correspond to the solar granules of the convective zone.

In such layer, if it has the sufficient depth, toroidal vortex structures Fig2 are formed

If thickness and temperature difference are sufficient, the up-going vortex - 3, Fig4 is formed in the center of the toroidal vortex structure.

Since vortex consists of the ionized gas, the magnetic field -4 that counteracts to increase of speed of vortex is generated around it Fig6.

When the speed of the vortex and magnetic intensity reaches a threshold value, the temperature stratification into two flows begins under Ranque-Hilsch effect at the top of the vortex.

The altitude, at which this effect occurs, is taken like the level of stratification Fig5.

The cold stream of electrically neutral gas 6, which are formed as a result of stratification, descends in the middle of the rising vortex to its base, and in contrast to it, the beyond hot flow 5 is deflected by the magnetic field and gets the radial component Fig6.

The hot ionized stream 5 rotates in the magnetic field and under the influence of the magnetron effect interacts with the neighboring cells 7, Fig7 like with resonators.

As a result of such interaction - begin to form radial rotating jets (spokes) 8, Fig7 (magnetron effect).

If radial speed of jets and additional pumping of energy from neighboring cells resonators are enough - temperature and density inside of the formed jets (spokes) becomes sufficient to initiate the start of a thermonuclear fusion in the jets.

When, as result of thermonuclear fusion, level of energy in the jets is increased, the process proceeds from the energy absorption of the neighboring cells to positive energy balance of thermonuclear fusion and the release energy in form of electromagnetic radiation 11, Fig8.

As a result of vortex stratification under Ranque-Hilsch effect and thermonuclear fusion that acts in jets, two abnormal area are formed from this vortex - cold 10 in bottom and beyond hot 9 in top Fig8.

When the temperature difference in zones 9 and 10 exceeds a certain threshold, the vortex is degraded and the process is stopped Fig9.

The process is dynamic and cyclical.

Each cell is surrounded by six other cells Fig 10 which have one of three basic states: 12 - positive energy balance; 13 - degradation; 14 - building up of the level of thermonuclear fusion by means of acting of the external pumping.

(quotation) - "...Doppler measurements of the spectral emission lines of the granules showed that the gas in the central part of granules moves upward at a rate of ~ 1 km / sec, and then spreads from the center to the periphery of the granules.

Sometimes there are annular pellets that explode, after about 10 minutes. The average time of "life" of usual granules - 8 minutes....."

Due to the specific of environment in which the cells are formed, the energy exchange is not generated on the fundamental frequency of cells. Interchange of energy carries out by harmonics corresponding to "frequency window" of the environment.

It can be assumed that, a result of the formation of abnormal thermal zones, it may be an additional formation of vertical cells which are in antiphase Fig11.

As the process is dynamic and cyclical and the cells can be represented as a few acoustic resonators interacting in a gaseous medium, it can be assumed that some of the energy which is discharged of these cells, is released as an acoustic wave having a spherical wave front.

The observed temperature of the convective zone is defined as the average temperature of: the degraded cells, the energy absorbing cells and as the temperature of the cells having a positive energy balance.

It can be assumed that the average observed temperature of the convective zone must be considerably lower than the temperature of the beginning of the active phase of the thermonuclear fusion for this altitude.

Based on the stated above, it can be assumed that there are two ways of transferring energy from the convection zone, where the fusion reaction is carried out.

1 - The outwardly, in direction to solar corona and in direction to lower density - by electromagnetic radiation.

This explains the observed high temperature of Sun's corona, where the absorption of electromagnetic energy occurs in a fairly thin layer having a frequency change of the "frequency window".

It can be assumed that the maximum temperature of "absorption band" of the Sun's corona is of the same order as the temperature thermonuclear fusion in the convection zone.

2 - The inwardly in the direction of higher density, by the acoustic wave having a spherical front.

Based on the stated above, it can be assumed that in the center of the Sun, under the influence of external pumping of power, can carry out conditions for the thermonuclear fusion, including the synthesis of heavy elements.

Based on the stated above, the thermonuclear reactions in the downtown core, in normal conditions, is carried out as the induced fusion reactions under the influence of the flow of energy in the form of acoustic waves and low-frequency radio waves from the convection zone.

It can be assumed that thermonuclear fusions in the core are carried out in the "local zones" at the points of superposition (interference) of acoustic waves at moderate temperatures and ultrahigh pressures.

It can be assumed that in the normal state of the Sun, the local deviation of the above described process, including the association of a group of cells and granules into the supergranules, can cause the formation of "the Sun's spots" and emissions of the Sun's mass into the space.

Based on the stated above, substantial deviations of the above described process in the convection zone can cause a breaking of the outer shells of the Sun - that is, transition of the Sun into a state of "Nova" and cold collapse of the core and, if there is possibility of merging the "local zones" in the Sun's core and the initiation there a self-sustaining fusion reaction, changes in the Sun's core take place as an explosive mode - the Sun transitions into a state of "Supernova".

The conception of a hypothetical research reactor of the thermonuclear fusion, which is based on the described above.

The ion microwave generator Fig13 is the basic part of this reactor.

The ion microwave generator consists of a generator module Fig12, on which a magnetic system 20 and resonators 18 are installed.

Two resonators of the generator have coupling loops 21.

Generator module consists of Fig12 bulb 23 in which: 15 - ion gun; 16 - stratification cone; 17 - accelerating system and 19 - reflector are installed.

The bulb is filled by one of the components of the reaction mixture under low pressure.

The ion gun carries out emission or the reaction mixture or the second component of the reaction mixture.

The generators 7 are mounted radially on a table-centrifuge Fig14 and Fig15, which rotating around the axis 22 and adjacent modules are connected via a coupling loop 21 with each other and with an external classic microwave generator of pumping (external microwave generator not indicated).

0x01 graphic

The reactor is operated in accordance with the principles assumed above for the cell of the convective layer of the Sun Fig8.

The ion gun 15 carries out the flow of ions forming in the accelerator system a vortex 3. By the combined impact of the reflector 19 and the magnet system 20 which are realise Ranque-Hilsch effect, the vortex is divided into two vortex flows - cold 6 and hot 5.

Rotating high-temperature ion jets are formed in the flow 5 under the combined influence of the magnetic system 20 and the resonator 18 (magnetron effect).

The fusion reaction takes place inside the jets.

The excess energy is transferred as the pump energy into adjacent generators.

Using a high-speed centrifuge reduces the linear dimensions of the generator module and makes the vortex more stable.

Kaganitsky Grigory

Education - radar systems and high-frequency technology

Professional activity - heat engineering

Professional interest - vortex systems

Mailto: gert99@mail.ru

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Thermonuclear fusion in the magnetron generator based on the Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube and paradox of heating of the solar corona